Browsing by Subject "Forest management"
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Item Forest Management Practices and Commercializion of CHIURI: A Case study of Rai Community of Balakhu VDC(Department of Rural Development, 2008) Adhikari, RamkrishnaLand use change in the study settlements has influenced by the development facilities. These settlements are newly established but the pattern of settlement showed it as a human antiquity. It was found that concentration of facilities lured more to immigrate in these settlements, in return of it, there has been taken land use change massively. It was also believed that these integrate to plant the seeds of resource conflicts in the area. The study has been completed on the basis of forty households as the sample of Balakhu settlement of Okhaldhunga district. The data were harbored by using the exploratory cum analytical research design and applying the different tools and techniques along with observation protocol, checklist, structure and unstructured questionnaires map of the VDC. Natural resource conflicts are frequently occurring in the study area due to rapid land use change. Land use change has dominated by the factors of immigration, increasing population, development activities and adoption of new technologies. Fifty seven percent conflicts in the study settlements have been found by the land related conflicts in terms of boundary, demarcation, legal provision and landlessness. In terms of forest resources, the firewood is the major factor which contributed 64 percent. Origins, escalations and resolutions of conflicts are highly influenced by its context, time and location. Historical, cultural, political, economic, institutional and social context, power relationships, norms, values, practices and property rights and ownership issues play crucial roles in conflict. According to this study, it was predicted that both right-based approaches should be observed in contemporary conflict management practices to which UN had already recognized.Item Impact of Livelihood Improvement Programme by Multi Stakeholder Forestry Programme on Rural Households in Parbat District(Department of Rural Development, 2016) Subedi, RajendraThe thesis entitled Impact of Livelihood Improvement Programme by Multi Stakeholder Forestry Programme on Rural Households in Parbat District. This study was conducted to trace out the impact of livelihood improvement programme by MSFP for the residence of sampled VDCs of Parbat district in Nepal. The study objective was to analyze the bases of livelihood improvement plan, to access level of participation on programme activities, to examine changing pattern of socio economic condition after the LIP implementation and overall impact of programme activities on beneficiaries’ livelihood. This study sampled one hundred sixty eight HHs of Majhaphant, Banau, tilahar and Kurgha VDC´s were selected purposively for conducting a structured and semi structured questionnaire survey together with checklist in-depth interviews and focus group discussion for data collection. The field survey showed 85.1percent respondents found to receive information to discuss about plan. The livelihood improvement plan had three bases: local resources, need and interests and market situation as major bases for livelihood improvement of beneficiaries. The majority (65.5%) respondents respond on plan incorporated these three aspects. In addition, livelihood improvement plan made by need based and bottom up approach in which 63.1percent and 32 percent respondents answered respectively. Furthermore, the result shows 81.5percentrespondents were active participation on LIP that participation in programme planning, implementation and monitoring activities has promoted transparency and developmental governance. Also, 94 Percent respondents agreed that it has also helped to enhance ownership of the programme among FUGs members. The implementation of LIP has positive impact on the socio-economic as well as environmental condition. The study shows, 98 percent respondents agreed on positive impact on forest conservation. Respondents who believe on positive change of programme intervention on water resource conservation, greenery, wildlife expansion were found to be above 85 percent. Also, more than 85 percent respondents agreed on the positive impact on health and sanitation, education, IGAs, capacity development of executive committee. For building climate resilience, the project reached climate vulnerable households through the implementation of LAPAs and CAPAs. The programme activities have been reached the targeted group through the local level implementing unit and these activities are regular monitoring by the local level monitoring committee and own local government and people for sustainability. The study recommends to regular monitoring and backstopping for the institutionalization of LIP. Institutional development and capacity building of CFUGs is needed to make them able to lead LIP and other similar activities. Poor and disadvantaged households have accessed to a fund which mobilized as revolving fund through CFUGs, three lakhs amount of money has been collected in the community as permanent. In Banau, two Sitake mushroom enterprises and in Kurgha and Tilahar VDCs Instant stick enterprises provide employment for 32 members, more than 24 and 23 members of CFUG respectively. Furthermore, irrigation facilities support in vegetable farming. Moreover pig farming, vegetable farming goat raising and furniture making enterprises get self-employment opportunities through technical and financial support for support their income generating activities.Item People's Participation in Community Forest Management A Case Study of Shree Ashwara Community Forest- Tulsipur-11 Ashwara, Dang(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Roka, Dhani RamThe Community Forestry Programme in Nepal officially started in the late 1970s. Since then concerning movement has been evolving to involve local communities in the management and utilization of forests. The policy of the government was originally intended to meet the basic forest products required by the communities through active participation in forest development and management. Later, it was expanded to include the mobilization and empowerment of the members of CFUGs in the development of their local communities. Under community forest program 1.6 million hectares of forestland have been handed over to community, up to 14,000 user groups, representing 1.2 million households in 2007. It was observed that the trend of forest degradation has decreased since the handing over of national forests to local communities, but a number of unintended social anomalies have also cropped up. Such anomalies essentially constitute of the inequality and unfairness in the local and national level and in terms of long-term sustainability of forest resources. The status of women’s participation in implementation process was high while the rate of participation of ordinary women in monitoring and evaluation process and participation in general assemblies was not found satisfactory. Usually, social activities conducted by CFUG were found to have benefited equally to both sexes. Women member of the CFUG had not got opportunity to participate in training and study tours. This study attempts to identify various issues of community forestry, especially focusing on women’s participation in community forestry. It calls for rethinking the CFP in order to face the present days challenges of linking CF with affecting factors in people’s participation, livelihood promotion, good governance and sustainable forest management. It also lays out strategies for reforms in CF.Item People’s Participation in Community Forest Management (A Case Study of Chandi Pauwa Paatal Forest User Group in Gaunshahar VDC of Lamjung District)(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Baral, PramodThis research entitled “People’s Participation in Community Forest Management; A Case Study of Chandi Pauwa Paatal Forest User Group in Gaunshahar VDC of Lamjung District” is conducted in ward no. 2 and 3 of Gaunshahar VDC of Lamjung district. It is a case study conducted on a small area but this research contributes valuable information on issues of participation equity and management in community forestry development at district and national level. The overall objectives of the study is also to access the “people’s participation in community forest management”. However, the specific objective are to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the respondent, to analyze the existing community forest management system in the study area, to know how the people are involved in CFM system and lastly to find out the problem related to the well functioning of FUG in the Gaunshahar VDC. The study is exploratory as well as descriptive in nature. It is based on a sample of 40 households as selected by using simple random sampling techniques. The data were obtained through interview schedule, observation, focus group discussion and check-list. Both primary and secondary data are used for the research. Data has shown that male population is dominant by female as well as the age above 16-60 is high in the study area. The economically active population is 55.46 %. Brahmin and Chhetri castes were the majority in the study area followed by Newar and dalits. In the case of education none of the respondents were illiterate. After the community forest program was launched, the forest of Gaunshahar VDC was handed to local people by the government. The overall forest management system in CPPFUG is described under four categories: Operation management, Protection management, Utilization management, Promotion and development management. After the people’s participation in CPPFUG, people of the study area were conscious about the activities related to CF. The data shows that 35% of the female respondents were actively participated in the meeting. But on the other hand 7.5% of the women were only participated in decision making process; this shows that the female percentage is lower than male in decision making process. The finding of the study reveals that 83% of the total respondents are literate. The greater percentage of the population is engaged in agriculture. But in the case of conflict regarding management of forest, there still exist on conflict over access, conflict due to resource availability and conflict in sharing benefit. The FUG has been playing role for the development of local human resource and also enhance the rural livelihood. It has also empowered people towards team building, group dynamism as well as self- motivation in community development. The direct and indirect benefits from the community forestry have played the greater role in the social life of the people in the study area. Based on the above facts it can be concluded that the FUG has emerged as a viable institution for rural community development using local resources. It has been found that the FUG has maximum benefits to the underprivileged group of the community from such community development activities.Item Political Ecology of Collaborative Forest Management(Faculty of Sociology, 2012) Kesari, Vijay PrasadThere is people's involvement in different types of forest management modality adopted in Nepal however there are lots of differences regarding defining users, forming executive committee, relation with state and benefit sharing(Political decisions), which has tremendous effect on the conservation and utilization of forest resources (Ecology). This study has reviewed and explored the equity and sustainability issues in the forestry sector in the Terai, Nepal with a focus on the past and present forest politics and policy in the region and its effect in the Terai Forest. The major objective of the study is to explore the political ecology of the newly launched participatory forest management modality known as Collaborative Forest Management.Collaborative Forest Management approach intends to manage the government managed forests of the Terai through the involvement of the local government and people in decision making, implementation, benefit sharing and monitoring. The study has explored the socio-political dimension of the CFM. It has tried to explore how far this model is successful to address the issues such as involvement of distant users, establishment of rights and control of distant user in CFM, sustainable forest management in collaboration with the local people, local government and the state to achieve multiple benefits, maintaining ecological balance, harmonizing social cohesion and generating economic returns and improving livelihood from the government forests.The equity concerns among proximate and distant users also becomes a complex and prominent issue in the case of Terai as most of forests lie quite far away from the settlements, unlike the hill community forests where more readily identified local communities live near the forest patches. The study was conducted in Sahajnath Collaborative Forest of Bara districts of Central Terai.The CFM covers 26 VDCs with 7,527 households. The study was based on three pillars namely the related theories (Political ecology), author’s experiences (from forest extension worker to civil society worker, social activist and Forest Policy Analyst) and the fresh case study from Sahajnath Collaborative Forest, Bara of Central Terai. Questionnaire, interview, secondary data collection was methods adopted as tools of data collection. It is found that only 13 CFM has been approved in Nepal. Reluctance has been seen in providing approval to CFM. Total 29,799.8 area and 130,638 HH has been IV covered by the CFM. It has been extended from three districts to eight districts. News and articles on CFM has been getting space in media and forestry journals. It is found that the CFM system has tried to involve both nearby and distance users in the forest management and also in the benefit sharing. On the other hand, it has involved the multi-stake holders in the management of the natural resources. It has delegated rights to formation of group,price fixing of product, formation of different committee as required, protection of resource and fund raising rights to the users. The trend of approval of CFM clearly showed the hesitation to approve new CFM. The research clearly found that after 2061/2062 approval started again only in 2065/066. However some improvement have been required to pick up the existing condition of the CFM such as sharing of the benefit must be revised to provide greater share to the users as the number of users of CFM is very high. The CFM Manual and the CFM Scheme plans are applied in a rigid manner.As CFM is a new management modality it should be treated in a flexible way. CFM as participatory and decentralized sustainable forest management model should be replicated not only in Terai and inner Terai but also in feasible area of hill and mid hill forests. CFM is a technical and scientific forestry management so regular capacity building through training and management support should be provided to CFM-G and CFM-C. Further detail exploration on social cohesion building part seems necessary to know the silent benefits of the CFM.Item Social Inclusion in Forest Management ( A case study of Bhaisekhola Community Forest of Panchkhal VDC, Kavre, Nepal )(Department of Sociology, 2011) Chauhan, Binod KumarNot AvailableItem Social inclusion in forest management ( A case study of Bhaisekhola community forest of Panchkhal VDC, Kavre, Nepal)(Department of Sociology, 2011) Chauhan, Binod KumarNot availableItem Socio- Economic Impact of Community Forest: A Case Study of Jamunbari Community Forest User Group of Jhapa District(Faculty of Rural Development, 2021) Sherpa, PembaCommunity forestry program is based on people's participation and ownership. Resource management is a fundamental part of community forests. The study has shown that the management of the resources available in the forest area through community forest user groups has not only added important dimension to the sustainable and ownership management of the resources but has also shown unimaginable improvement in the conservation and promotion of the forest area. The purpose of this study was to examine what is being done in accordance with the prevailing law on resource management in Jamunbari community forest and what is affecting it. Particularly, the study sought to understand whether the implementation of Operation plan and Constitution has helped to achieve nature conservation and natural resource management inside the Jamunbari Community Forest. The specific study objectives were as follows. First, the study seeks to assess the factors that influence community in natural forest resource management in the study area. Second, the ways in which individuals and community people involve in natural resources management was assessed. Third, socio-economic impact of community forest was evaluated. From field survey and interaction with community forest and government authorities, the resource management Jamunbari Community forest have been under the guidelines that mandated by general assembly, operation plan other acts and regulations. Ecotourism program launched by Community Forest is running well and fund collected through eco tourism have created job opportunities and reduced exploitation of other forest resources. Finally, this case study in Jamunbari Community Forest confirms that community forest plays vital role in social and economic changes. So, the existing laws should be strictly imposed and needs to ensure whether it’s been implemented in a right way or not. Awareness programs should be conducted on a regular basis by related governmental and non governmental agencies for user group to provide information and ideas as well as to create awareness regarding various issues related to conservation, resource mobilization and development programs.Item Socio-Economic Impact Of Community Forestry (A Case Study of Balkumari Community Forestry of Ugratara VDC, Kavre)(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Sapkota, PrakashThis is a micro level of study. It is a case study of CFUG, Balkumari forest of Ugratara VDC, Kavre. This study has attempted to highlight the socio-economic impact evaluation aspect of community forest in Ugratara. The general objectives of this study were to discover socio-economic impact as well as benefit of community forest. Both primary and secondary information were used in study. The sample of households was selected randomly. Data were collected from household survey, interview and observation. The main tool of subsistence was agriculture of the selected respondents. Households kept large number of livestock such as buffalo, cow, goat, pigs etc. Among them Balkumari CFUG was established in 2058 B.S. which covers ward No.1 & 6 of Ugratara VDC. Among the user respondent, high majority of users were Brahmin & Chhetries. There were also other caste groups like Newar, Tamang, Gurung, etc. Users were using forest product on equal basis. Collecting fund from every household (users) was a significant aspect. One Jungle guard was selected form the users group. Income of the forest is found to mobilize in infrastructure development of the concerned area. The positive impact was found like incensement on livestock, cash crops and vegetables production, increment on water resources and natural beauty are other advantages of this area. The most important thing to highlight about Balkumari Community Forestry Users Group committee is that it is executed & managed totally by the women. All 13 members of the management committee are women and they are successfully executing the activities which have been the source of inspiration for the women of other societies too. Users were identified on the basis of traditional use of forest. Most of the user respondents are found that they are only partially dependent upon forest products. FUGC is working as a main body of the forest. It is giving equal opportunity to women. Women participant in both FUGC and FFS looks significant. Positive impact has been seen in income generating activities through agriculture and animal husbandry. Apart from this, positive impact has been seen in education, participation, rural tourism and awareness enlistment.Item Spatial distribution of vegetation composition and structure in Kailash Sacred Landscape, Nepal(Institute of Science and Technology, Botany, 2022) Subedi, Chandra KantaAvailable with full textItem Women's participation in community forest management: A Case study of Sirukharka Kahule community forest of Khotang district(Department of Rural Development, 2018) Rajbhandari, BishnuPeople's participation especially the women's participation has been recognized as an important aspect of community forest management and development for the last decade. Women's participation is expected in all dimensions such as planning and decision making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and benefit sharing aspects. In this content this study was conducts in the Sirukharka Kahule Community Forest of Khotang District with the aim of assessing women's participation in community forest management. The study is descriptive in nature that includes survey and fact-finding inquiries on selected issues. In order to meet quantitative and qualitative requirements, both primary and secondary source of data were used in the study, conducting household survey through structured questionnaires and observation methods were used to collect primary data. Likewise, published and unpublished documents were reviewed as secondary sources of collection which were used to enrich the study. The status of women's participation in implementation process was high while the rate of participation in decision making procession was low. Participation of ordinary women in maintaining and evaluation process and participation in general assemblies was found satisfactory. Usually, social activities conducted by CFUG were found to have benefited equally to both sexes. Women member of the CFUG had not got opportunity to participate in training and study tours as of male. The CFUG was mobilized for more physical participation of women in community forest management. Despite some personal, family, social and policy level constraints.Women were involved in CF management due to synergetic effects of self-inspiration and daily requirements of the forest products. They have more responsibility of fire-wood and cooking the food in the household comparatively than male of the community. In order to open women's introvert nature, explore their attitude and ambitions, utilize women's knowledge and skills, address the obstacles and maximize the women's participation in CF management, equal efforts are essential from all stakeholders. Implementation based recommendation such as involving women as executive member in adequate proportion even in major port-folios, women mobilization in operational plan preparation and its periodic review, and disseminating community forest related information among women etc. are targeted to CFUGs. Liberate sensitization, dissemination and people's mobilization related recommendations are assigned to GO/NGOs. In the case of Sirukharka Kahule91 percent of CF women memberswere found illiterate but not higher education and enough knowledge in forest management based on the government policy. The male respondents expressed the need of women participation more but practically they do not help women in household activities. Lack of education of women as of male found one of the bottlenecks of the enhancement of forest management.For this, they are to be empowered well through technical trainings of community forest management.Item Women's Participation in Community Forestry:an Anthropological Study of Ugratara Community Forest, Bagrayoginivdc, Kathmandu(Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2006) Kunwar (Sijapati), RenjuNot availableItem Women's Participation in Decision Making Practices in Community Forestry (A Case Study of Shree Bhagwati Women Community Forestry, Pipaladi VDC of Kanchanpur, District)(Department of Economics, 2014) Awasthi, Keshav DattNot available