Browsing by Subject "Indian society"
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Item Celebration of the Loss in Bhagat's Revolution 2020(Department of English, 2013) Tamang, Indra KalaThis research, on Bhagat's Revolution 2020 concentrates on the postmodern depiction of Indian society which is in the mystique of love, ambition and corruption.Chaos in postmodern Indian life has been presented in the novel through the deployment of three characters. The characters in the novel are in the celebration of the chaotic life processes that surrounds them. The postmodern situation in Indian individuals is reflected in Bhagat's Revolution 2020 as the characters are amidst the contingent life process without the fixed identity. This condition of chaos and fragmentation in the life of the characters in the novel confirm the postmodern predicament of the life of the characters to confirm the novel as postmodern in character.Item Changing Social Reality in R. K. Narayan's The Dark RoomandThe Painter of Signs(Department of English, 2007) Panta, NarayanThis research makes an intensive study of R. K. Narayan's novelsThe Dark RoomandThe Painter of Signs,set intwo distinct eras [pre-independence and post- independence] of India.R. K. Narayan faces a peculiar problem of Westernization and Modernizationin these novels. The heroic struggle and self-sacrifice of the protagonist to overcome from the prevailing social structure in Indian society creates the vision of change fromPre-independenceto Post-independence Indiansociety. The principal characters in these novels embody the deep-rooted social awareness in the circle of Malgudi.These charactersexpresstheir love and hate to the respective realities in which they are living. Neverthless, the same Malgudi appears differently inThe Dark Roomand The Painter of Signs. In comparison toThe Dark Room, Narayan'sThe Painter of Signs expresseshis vision of changing social realities around him and maps an enchanting tale of progress oftheMalgudi, the fictional projection of India as a nation.Item Critique of Untouchability in Indian Society: A View from the Margin in The God of Small Things(Department of English, 2008) Prasai, MayaThe present dissertation demonstrates Arundhati Roys's critique of untouchability of Indian society through The God of Small Things. This study tries to examine the voice of Ammu and Velutha who are treated as the “small things” in the society. Ammu, being a touchable and a member of high class family in social status is victimized due to her relation with lower caste man and Velutha is beaten to death being a paravan (untouchable). Both low caste people and women are subalternized in the society by the so-called superior class. The idea of untouchability is explored at two levels in the novel. Firstly, we have social untouchables, or paravan, who are never allowed basic human rights. Secondly, we have metaphoric untouchables in high castes. Here discrimination expresses itself in marginalizing the women in their personal and public life.Item Cultural Encounter of West and East: Valorizing Eastern Culture in Gita Mehta’s Karma Cola(Department of English, 2010) Kandel, RabiThe cultural encounter between the diametrically opposite east and west in the context of human relationships and cultural values constantly engage the readers of Karma Cola. The dichotomy lies in the modes of thought and the ways of life adopted by the people belonging to these cultures. In this connection, Mehta’s novel attempts to explore the impacts of spiritual and material values on human existence. While foregrounding the traditional spiritual heritage of Indian society Mehta sustains the orientalized image of the east. However, by making fun of the wave of foreigners swarming into India in the sixties in search of spiritual bliss, she underscores the very orientalist stereotypes. In doing so, her obvious focus is on the exploration of different aspects of Indian life and culture, it’s past and present.Item Exploration of Identity: Quest for the Selfin Salman Rushdie’s East,West(Faculty of English, 2014) Budhathoki, UshaThis dissertation explores the issue of identity-the ‘self’that Salman Rushdie raises in his literary magic East,West.Rushdie picking his characters from the general background of the society, especially from postcolonial Indian society, contends that every individual has his own unique identity amidst various identities an individual has, which is his ‘self’. Individual with whatever class, caste, gender, nationality, religion etc. one may belong to every individual has self-identity, whichs\he acquires during his or herlife time. Self-identity is a concept of oneself including the perception about self, own attitudes, flaws, status and worth. In this project characters like Miss Rehana, Ramani, Huma and Atta, Khan, Chekove and Zulu, and Courter, Mary and Chandani all go through the sense of identity crisis. The situation of identity crisis leave a mental stress on them causing depression, frustration and trauma: since they cannot mix up with the society because of their unique taste and qualities as opposite to society’s norms and values. So they march towards the quest for their self- identity. This project shows that each individual’s self-identity is vital in his\her life, when individual begin to respect his self he automatically start respect other which then create a harmonious society. This research depicts the problem of identity crisis, in this collection of stories through the technique of story-telling and forwards the concept of quest of identity and identity formation. This anthology whether the person associated with any class, caste, gender, religion, or nationality; the first and foremost thing is they are general human being. And their self-identity is imperative for the over-all development of the society.Item Female Body: Site of Domination and Resistance in Shashi Deshpande's In the Country of Deceit(Department of English, 2012) Yonghang, PrakashThis research is a study of the Indian novelist Shashi Deshpande's In the Country of Deceit which presents the female characters in the continual struggle for their identity and freedom in the patriarchal Indian society. Devayani, a young spinster of Indian society, is the protagonist of the novel. The continual coaxing of her relatives for her marriage shows how female body becomes a contested site of power structures of the society and shows how patriarchal norms and values control and dominate the female body by means of the institution of marriage. The discourses that spinsterhood is immoral and shameful for a family, or female should remain sexually chaste before marriage or the only way for an Indian woman to fulfill her sexual desire is marriage and so on operate in the society to stabilize the patriarchal power center as they help assert the male domination upon the female body. Devayani subverts those discourses, the stereotype of the Third World woman and the restriction imposed on her sexuality by refusing to marry the men her relatives arrange for her and having physical relation to a married police officer named Ashok. She confesses the sexual pleasure in the relation full of love and devoid of control and domination which shows that the love without affection and proper cooperation is no more than the marital rape. Devayani manifests the heterogeneity in the female experiences, with the assertion of her different stance regarding marriage and fulfillment of the desire, rejects the homogeneity of female domination and the notion of global sisterhood as assumed by Western feminism.Item Female Subjectivity in Chitra Banarjee Divakaruni's The Palace of Illusions(Department of English, 2015) Sapakota, NirmalaThis dissertation has explored female subjectivity based on Draupadi, the female protagonist of the novel The Palace of Illusions, in the light of Third-World Feminism. The novel is a rewriting of the famous epic the Mahabharata from Draupadi's perspective which has attempted to foreground her strength, agency, individuality, intellectuality, and the power. In the original epic, Draupadi is portrayed as a passive victim of patriarchy, whereas in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's novel, she is portrayed as a model of female empowerment and courage who establishes her self-identity by subverting the patriarchal boundaries and female stereotypes of the typical Hindu Indian society.Item Interpellation of Individual as Subject in Bhansali’s Devdas(Department of English, 2016) Thapa, Bal BahadurThis research work explores an interpellation of individual as subject in the Bhansali’s Devdas (2002). The Protagonists of the movie are victimized by social hierarchy and raised the issue of two different classes of 20th century Indian society; Devdas representing the upper class and Parbati the middle class. This class disparity creates a conflict and class consciousness which stopped them to get married; subsequently, show concentrations on ruined life of different characters. The study examines how individual are subjected to the political state ideology and how subjects get oppressed by the capitalist ideology and how they struggle against the structure of taboos. The characters are in the chain of different types of ISAs making them to act and to behave accordingly which is apparent in the society. This research addresses the causes as well as consequences of imposition of parent’s desire and values on their children. Likewise, each of the individuals dream is devastated and they are forced to live the life with miseries which is the result of ISAs events. The study of Neo-Marxist approach to movie is a significant contribution in this dissertation. In this regard, this thesis highlights the unfavourable effect of the dominant ideology which inhibits individual’s rights to live life as their wish and desire. The cinematography which consists of sound, camera angle, light, setting, dialogue and other justifies the suffering and pitiable condition of the subjects or characters. Here, the human relationship is determined by Socio-Economic hierarchy than their feelings.Item Memory and History in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance(Faculty of English, 2013) Mishra, DeepakThis research focuses on the relationship between memory and history in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance. It studies the issues such as identity, untouchability, marginalization, and resistance. In order to deal with these issues, this research adopts the argument of Allan Megill in which he argues that "memory is valorized when identity is threatened." Moreover, this research relies on Margalit Avishai's belief that "memory breathes revenge as often as it breathes reconciliation" in order to maintain a fine balance between revenge and reconciliation. In other words, this research focuses on Mistry's maintaining of balance between memory and history in his novel by narrating the memory and history of caste violence, Partition violence, and the atrocities of the State-of-Internal Emergency under Indira Gandhi's regime in the 1970s that had been discarded by historians as an unreliable and distorting source. This research stresses that memories are the important factors in the reconstruction of past events. In addition, this research emphasizes on Mistry's maintaining of the balance between memory and history thereby giving focus on the personal memories of the characters and the narrator in order to create a pluralist critical history, that is, an alternative history from the perspective of the marginalized section of Indian society through his novel. It also deploys memory to be a form of resistance to the national authority and historiography of India thereby creating an alternative history. Although many critics interpret this novel as only a historical novel, this research encompasses the importance of memory in creating an alternative history. This research establishes the issue of identity, untouchability, marginalization, and resistance by deploying the importance of memory in creating a new history, that is, a critical pluralist history. Moreover, it helps us to understand the status of the Parsis, Chamaars (untouchables), Muslims, beggars, etc. of the rural and urban India. Finally, it helps us to understand the impacts and effects of the cruelties of the national authority, for example, the impacts of the Emergency, the impacts of the caste violence, and the impacts of the Partition violence; Mistry sympathizes with the marginalized and subdued people of India by creating an alternative history by blending memory and history in a balanced manner.Item New Gender Identity in Anita Desai’s Novel Where Shall We Go This Summer?(Department of English, 2008) Yadav, Bajarangi PrasadThe present thesis titled “New Gender Identity in Anita Desai’s Novel Where Shall We Go This Summer?” covers the main issues of the miserable plight of Indian women who suffer silently in isolation because of their sharp gender sensibility and corrosive emotionality. Society, culture, traditional norms and modes assign certain roles to each gender. Most of women are born with a stamp of ill-luck on their heads. The tragedy of such women is caused by the fact of their birth in a patriarchal society which fails to respect women as individuals. But women have consciousness of their own career in the post-independence Indian society. In this novel, Desai's women have consciousness of their body; they like to have control in their body. Eventually, woman like the protagonist Sita achieves her own liberation within the male-oriented society from her self-existence.Item Nightmarish Living Condition of Oppressed Minority in Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable(Department of English, 2007) Neupane, AnilUntouchableby Mulk Raj Anand depicts class system as a great social problem which creates fragmentation in the society. Because of the class system sense of humanity is lost in the human world. So-called upper class people exploit the lower class people in the name of religion. Lower class people do not get opportunity to join school, to enter the temple, and touch the wells. This is the exploitation to the lower class people by the higher class people. This exploitation certainly shatters the idea of a harmonious society and society cannot run smoothly. Hence, humiliated by caste system in society, Bakha nurtures the ambition of living like upperclass people but fails flat when he's disillusioned by the element of oppression in Gandhi's assertion of equal space in Hinduism.Item Perils of Socio-economic Inequality within Indian Society inThe White Tiger(Faculty of English, 2013) Ghimire, Nawa RajAravind Adiga’s The White Tigers hows them is erable and critical condition of the working class people within Indian society. Adiga takes the story from a small town Laxmangarh, Bihar to the capital to Delhi, and finally to Bangalore, the city which best represents where India’s economics, politics and culture are headed. He does this through the eyes of the charismatic,self-centered Balram Halwai, as he writes to the Premier of China, Wen Jiabao, who is coming to visit India.The White Tigers hows how Indian society is suffering because of corruption, poverty, exploitation and domination.The novel shows the contrast between India’s rise as a modern global economy and the working class people who live in crushing poverty. The novel can also be assessed as a social manifesto trying to dismantle the discrimination between the “Big Bellies and the Small Bellies” and developa democratic society. The larger canvas of the novel discusses the dark pictures of India.The narrator of the novel is introduced as a protagonist, a servant, a philosopher and an entrepreneur. He murders his master, Ashok and flies away with lootto Bangalore and starts a new life there as a businessman.Balram explains how he escapesa life of servitude to become a successful business, describing himself as a successful entrepreneur. The White Tigers hows the dilemma of the postcolonial people who can neither adopt the colonizer’s culture totally nor create a different identity following the native culture.This research concludes that socio-economic inequality and internal marginalization within Indian society are the integral issues that Adiga tries to represent as a postcolonial writer.Item Postcolonial Subaltern Agency in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things(Faculty of English, 2013) Lamichhane, Madan KumarCultural plurality and heterogeneity have always been the main concerns in postcolonial studies. Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things examines India’s cultural transformation from colonial, postcolonial period to contemporary era of globalization. Analyzed from this perspective, the novel communicates the most predominant issues of class, caste and the elements of oppression and marginality of lower class people in the socio-cultural context of India. The aim of this thesis is to critically consider Arundhati Roy’s novel The God of Small Things from a Marxist and postcolonial feminist perspective with a special focus on how the author creates different representations of women and the working class people. The examination of the text employs its reference from postcolonial feminism, subaltern and the concept of agency in cultural studies. The study compares three main female characters in the novel: Mammachi, Baby Kochamma and Ammu focused on their different ways of relating to the male hero of the novel, Velutha, an untouchable in the persistent caste system of India. The study argues that Roy has come up with diverse representations of the subaltern and shows that despite their oppressed and marginalized status in the Indian society, they display agency and are portrayed as responsible for their own actions. I have attempted in the text to prove that “subaltern can speak” and to retrieve that subaltern can exude the power and act out to transgress the existing cultural positions.Item Representation of Precarious Existence of the Underprivileged in The Village by The Sea(Faculty Arts in English, 2009-05) Thakur, UpendraThe novel, The Village by The Sea by Anita Desai is aimed at reflecting the financial hazards of a poor Indian family which bases on the agrarian mode of production and utilization especially fishing. Hari, the central character in the text, is a self-made boy struggling against the capitalistic structure of the Indian society. His never-ending pains make his objectives be gained, and Hari eventually stores happiness in the family despite being attacked by incalculable outer social forces. Along with the tireless attempts of Hari in bettering his family economic condition, his sister, Lila accounts for a lot. Her sacrifice and hard labor have indeed energized Hari much to grow bolder to fight against all obvious factors and to bring about happiness and economic prosperity. After all the courageous children i.e. Hari and Lila prove as the sampling to other Indian working class citizens.Item Representation of Working Class People in Premchand’s Nirmala(Department of English, 2017) Khanal, LekhanathThe capitalistic configuration design of this novel Nirmalaby Munshi Premchand evokes the subordination of the working class people. The structure is set up in such a way that all the downtrodden characters are to think that whatever the hardship and suffering are happenings to them are because of the economics exploration and the ruling ideology of the capitalist mindset. They are restricted beyond the social peripheries that are framed in the name of social status, religion gender, sexuality, patriarchy, tradition and culture. InNirmalaPremchand mainly focused on working class people. Nirmala is more women centric; he has thrown light on the status of Indian women and how they are treated. For addressing the issue of proletariat he has brought the sympathetic character Nirmala, on the one hand and on the other the bourgeoisie Babu Balachandra who exploit the workers. Each and every character is bind with the bondage of suppression and is compelled to live under the power of capitalist hegemony. Most of the characters are victimized either by objectification or reification.Item Social Determinism in Chetan Bhagat’s Revolution 2020(Department of English, 2012) Adhikari, Posta PrasadChetan Bhagat's Revolution 2020 is an attempt to act out the class consciousness of the characters as well as the author. Bhagat however, creates the characters like Gopal, Ragav and Aarti who struggle to find success, love and happiness in Vanarasi but due to the socio-political atmosphere of Indian society they are not able to fulfill their aims. Unearthing the social consequences caused by capitalism, the research seeks the various aspects of the characters’ money-minded rationality. The research probes into the issue of privatization of education in India and its harmful effects upon the common people. Through the class consciousness of the contemporary Indian society, this research foregrounds the degraded and distracted mentality of the characters caused by the capitalism. Finally, the characters lose their aims and choose the simple life of job guided by the capitalist Indian society.Item Suspense as a contaminating element between husband and wife in India family in Kamala Markandaya's a silence of desire.(Department of English, 2008) Sharma, SaritaKamala Markandaya's novel,A Silence of Desiredepicts the man woman relationship in Indian society. It deals with the problem which is causedby the suspense of male character, Dandekar upon the female character, Sarojini. Their previous harmonious relationship is contaminated due to the suspense in the heart of male. Sarojini, the protagonist, has been the victim of suspense from her husband when she doesn't like to reveal all her secrecy with her husband. On the one hand, the cause of suspense is female character's regular visit to Swami for faith healing and on the other, the misunderstanding of male upon female due to her traditional way ofcuring her health. In fact, suspense is responsible to invite disharmony and contamination in their relationship. But later on with the revelation of secrecy, their relationship goes on improving though there is no fixity of their sound relationship to bedurable in future.Item Tension between Tradition and Modernity in Rabindra Nath Tagore's The Home and the World(Department of English, 2008) Nepal, SitaRabindra Nath Tagore's famous novel The Home and the world has presented the issue of tension between tradition and Modernity in colonial Indian society. Because of tension, there is internal dynamics in Indian society and Indian nation state in general. The tension is primarily seen between the female and male character and male-male characters. As well that represents the tradition and modernity respectively. Moreover, the industrial revolution, colonial mentality and modern hypocrisy has remarkable influence on the characters which further support to add some bricks in the emergence of tension. Tagore also depicted the colonial Indian life.Item Tension between Tradition and Modernity in Rabindra Nath Tagore's The Home and the World(Department of English, 2008) Nepal, SitaRabindra Nath Tagore's famous novel The Home and the world has presented the issue of tension between tradition and Modernity in colonial Indian society. Because of tension, there is internal dynamics in Indian society and Indian nation state in general. The tension is primarily seen between the female and male character and male-male characters. As well that represents the tradition and modernity respectively. Moreover, the industrial revolution, colonial mentality and modern hypocrisy has remarkable influence on the characters which further support to add some bricks in the emergence of tension. Tagore also depicted the colonial Indian life.