Browsing by Subject "Language skills"
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Item Academic And Physical Aspects in The New Headway English(Faculty of education, 2008) Wasti, SushilaThe researcher in her thesis entitled"ACADEMIC AND PHYSICALASPECTS IN THENEW HEADWAY ENGLISH"tried to analyze the NewHeadway English in terms of academic and physical aspects. In the process of this study the researcher collected data from bothsources: Primary and Secondary. The primary sources of data were the responsesmade by the English Teacher. The findings of the study are based on teachers' perceptions andresearcher's own view on the textbook. The main findings of this study are asfollows:i) The textbook contains communicative activities.ii) The textbook presents four language skills in systematic way (i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing)iii) The contents include in the textbook are interesting because they introduce foreign culture.iv) The textbook lacks pronunciation aspect of language.v) The size of the textbook is odd and not durable binding. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with generalbackground of thestudy, definition of textbook, importance of textbook, types oftextbook, review of related literatures, objectives, significance and limitations of the study. The second chapter is related to the methodology applied to carryout the research. It deals with the source of data, population of the study, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. The third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the datacollected from different sources. The text book is analyze on the basis ofacademic and physical aspects. This chapter is divided into four parts. The firstpart of this chapter deals withtheanalysis of the textbook. The second part dealswiththeanalysis and interpretation of academic aspect of the textbook.The third part deals with analysis and interpretation of the physical aspects of the text book and the fourth part deals with the overall comments and suggestions expressed by the teachers on the textbook.Item An Analysis of English Textbook for Grade Ten(Department of English Education, 2014) Ban, BinodThe present thesis entitled An analysis of English Textbook for Grade Ten is an attempt to find out the strengths and weakness of English textbook for grade ten and provide some suggestions. The aims of the study were to analyze English textbook for grade ten in terms of terms of content, language skills,tests and exercises, etc., and provide pedagogical suggestions. The second hand data was used for the study. The data was collected from different libraries and books. The collected data was studied thoroughly. Then, the data was analyzed based on the framework proposed by Mc. Donough and Shaw (2003, pp.67–78). The major findings of the study showed that English textbook for grade ten is a good communicative textbook because it gives importance to all the language skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Similarly, the textbook has emphasized the communicative functions of a language, i.e. the jobs we do using the language not just the forms, e.g. asking for permission,giving order, making request, etc. although the textbook is a good communicative book, it has also some weaknesses, e.g. it does not have any exercises on intonations, stress, CV writing, and invitation writing. Similarly,the textbook does not include drill which is a very good technique at this level. This thesis has been divided into the four chapters. The first chapter introduces general background (the definitions of the textbook given by different scholars,types of the textbook, history of English textbook writing in Nepal, frame work for the textbook evaluation, general and specific objectives of the secondary level curriculum of English), review of related literature, objectives and the significance of the study. The second chapter, i.e. methodology includes sources of data collection, process of data collection and the limitations of the study. The third chapter analyzes and interprets the data descriptively and analytically. Chapter four presents the major findings of the study. On the basis of findings of this study, some pedagogical suggestions have been provided in the same chapter. The references and appendices are the concluding parts of the study.Item An Analysis of Paragon English Reader Book-6(Department of English Education, 2019) Prasai, MedaniThe research entitled ‘An Analysis of Paragon English Reader Book 6’ is carried out to find out the strengths and weaknesses of English reader book of grade six of private schools. The objectives of the study were to analyze the textbook in terms of physical, academic and communicative aspects and provide some pedagogical implications. In order to achieve the objectives, primary data was collected and self observation method was used. The data was collected from 20 different ELT teachers teaching the textbook in different private schools of Shivasatakshi Municipality. Then, the data was analyzed. The major findings of the study showed that the overall physical aspects are excellent. Similarly, the textbook is communicative due to its emphasis on language functions and language skills i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. Likewise, the contents include in the book are appropriate to foster the creativity and interactive ability in the learners. The book too had the negative sides like it lacked the representation of Nepalese culture and geography and neglected the advocacy for human rights. This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction that includes general background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance and delimitations of the study. The second chapter is related to the review of related literature and conceptual framework that includes theoretical and empirical literature review and conceptual framework of the study. The third chapter is about the methodology that contains design and method of the study, population sample and sampling strategy, study area, data collection tools and techniques, procedures, data analysis and interpretation procedures. The fourth chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of results and the fifth chapter is related to conclusions and recommendation. The recommendation is for policy related level, practice related level and further research related level.Item An analysis of the textbook of grade nine(Department of English Education, 2017) Shahi, Bali RajThe Research entitled An Analysis of the Textbook of Grade Nine is an attempt to analyze the English textbook of grade nine in terms of contents, language skills, and exercises and find out its strengths and weaknesses. This is a survey research design. The secondary data were used only for the study. I prepared a checklist and collected the data for my research. Then, the data were analyzed on the basis of the theoretical framework mentioned or proposed by Mc Donough and Shaw(2003) and Harmer (2008).Some of the main findings of the present research study are: The authentic language is used in the textbook. The textbook is used to increase the vocabulary of the students. Contents are sufficient for the course as well as suitable for the learners. Instructions are clear and exercises are very interesting. The textbook has also interesting contents which are relevant according to topic. Similarly, it was also found that the presented language skills and aspects are scientific because they follow the natural order. The exercises presented in this textbook are suitable for the learners and the pictures are also relevant.This textbook promotes the communicative method. However, there is no uniformity in number of exercises. The textbook includes the more imaginative(Think and Act) exercises. It ignores the appropriateness of the situation. This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter consists of introductory part. It deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter deals with reviews of related literature, theoretical literature, review of empirical literature and conceptual framework. The third chapter includes methods and procedures of the study. The four chapters analyze and interpret of the data descriptively and analytically. Chapter five presents the findings, conclusion and recommendations. The references and appendices are the concluding parts of the study.Item Challenges faced by Maithili students in learning English(Department of English Education, 2023) Yadav, MamtaThis study entitled Challenges Faced by Maithili Students in Learning English intended to identify the challenges faced by Maithili students in learning English, to examine the factors that create challenges in learning English to the Maithili learners and to suggest some pedagogical implications. A mixed method research design was used in this study. Forty secondary level Maithili students of Sukhipur Municipality were selected as a simple random sampling procedure. Questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used as research tools. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed descriptively and thematically. From the analysis of data and interpretations of the results, the researcher got the Maithili learners have problems to internalize the different component of word, grammar and pronunciation. It is difficult to relate the same language with our Maithili culture. So, the learners have difficulties to adopt the language. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter is introduction which consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter contains review of related literature and conceptual framework that consists of review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the review of the study and conceptual framework. Similarly, the third chapter deal with methods and procedures of the study which covers design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools and techniques, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures and ethical considerations. Likewise, the fourth chapter contains the analysis and interpretation of the data. Furthermore, fifth chapter includes findings, conclusion and recommendations. Finally, the references and the appendices, which are necessary for the validation of the research, have also been included.Item Developing Reading Comprehension Through Games(Department of English Education, 2015) Sharma, Tark RajThe present study entitled“Developing Reading Comprehension through Games”is to find out the development of reading comprehension in grade nine students through the language games.This is an action research.The main objective of this study is to find out the development of reading comprehension through games.In order to carry out this study, I selected fifteen students of grade nine of Salvinia Academy using non-random purposive sampling procedure. For the study, I used the students of grade nine as primary sources of data. After selecting the sample, a pre-test was administered to determine the students’ initial performance in reading comprehension on the selected items.Then students were taught for a month through the language games. During that period, two progress tests were administered at the interval of a week and finally a post-test was administered. Through the analysis and interpretation of the collected data,it was found that language games helped in developing students’ reading comprehension.This study incorporates five main chapters. The first chapter includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study,research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study, and operational definitions of key terms.The second chapter deals with the review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implication of review for the study, and conceptual framework.The third chapter includes methods and procedures of the study. It subsumes design and methods of the study,population sample and sampling design, sampling procedure, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure. Similarly, the fourth chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of the result. It subsumes analysis of data and interpretation of the result and summary and discussion of the findings. After that this study carries fifth chapter that is conclusions and recommendations consisting the specific parts i.e. conclusions,recommendations,policy level,practice level and further research. This study of final part includes references and appendices as well.Item Developing Writing Skills through Paraorthographic Texts(Department of English Education, 2015) Ghimire, SamjhanaThe present study entitled “Developing Writing Skills through Paraorthographic Texts”is an attempt to find out the effectiveness of paraorthographic text to develop students’ writing skill. In order to carry out this study, I selected thirty students of grade nine of Rampur English Boarding Higher Secondary School, using non-random purposive sampling procedure. I used them as primary sources of data. After selecting the sample a pre-test was administered to determine the students’ initial proficiency level on the selected items. Then students were taught for twenty eight days using paraorthographic text. During that period, three progress tests were administered in the intervalof six days and at last post-test was administered. Finally, I analyzed the scores of the pre test, progress test and post test. Through the analysis and interpretation of the collected data it was found that paraorthographic texts helped in developing students’ proficiency in writing. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the topic in which background, statement of the problems,objectives, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and the operational definition of key terms are included. The second chapter includes the review of both theoretical and empirical literature, along with the implication of the review for the study. It also includes conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study. It includes research design, population and sample,sampling procedure,data collection tools, data collection procedure and data interpretation procedures. The fourth chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the data and the summary of the findings. Then, the fifth chapter presents the conclusion of the study and recommendations. Moreover, it also suggests some pedagogical implications based on policy level, practice level and further study.This chapter is followed by references and appendices used for the study.Item Effectiveness of motivational techniques in developing reading comprehension(Department of English Education, 2017) Gurung, GitaThe present study entitled “Effectiveness of Motivational Techniques in Developing Reading Comprehension” is an endeavor to find out the effectiveness of motivational techniques to develop the reading comprehension of the students. To carry out this research, forty students of grade 9 from Reed Model School, Thulo Varyang Shoyambhu Kathmandu were selected through simple random sampling procedures and fishbowl technique was used. The researchers used both primary and secondary sources of data. Students of nine grade were the primary sources of data and other thesis, magazines, books, journal, online resources were the secondary sources of data. After selecting the sample, the researcher divided them into two groups, for the division she numbered them up to 40 and odd numbered are kept under experimental group and even numbered are kept under controlled group after that pre-test was administered to find out the students’ current level of comprehension. Since there was no vast difference between the average score of both groups, I did not make any adjustment. After that experimental group was taught using motivational techniques and another group was taught with lecture method. Then the researcher taught both group for 28 days and post test was administered and obtained results of both groups were tabulated and compared under different headings. The difference between average score, pre-test and post-test was computed. The differences were converted into percentage and the two groups were compared on the basis of percentage. The group which got higher increment percentage was considered to be better than one which got lower percentage. Finally, the motivational technique was found more effective in developing reading comprehension than conventional lecture method. This thesis comprises five chapters. The first chapter includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implication of the review of the study and conceptual framework. And the third chapter is summary of method and procedures of the study. It contains method of the study, sources of data, population sample and sample strategy, data collection tools and technique, data collection procedures, data analysis and interpretation procedures. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the results and the summary and findings of the study. Similarly, the last chapter deals with the conclusion and the recommendation drawn from the study. References and appendices are presented in the final part of the thesis.Item Effectiveness of Newspaper Cut-outs in DevelopingWriting Skill(Department of English Education, 2015) Rana, BammanThe study entitled Effectiveness of Newspaper Cut-outs in Developing Writing Skill mainly focused on teaching, writing with the help of newspaper cut-outs. For this study, the researcher took sample consisting of thirty students of Nalanda Secondary Boarding School, Satdobato,Lalitpur. The study was based on primary source of data. The population of the study was sampled through random sampling procedure. Test items were the main tools for the data collection by taking pre-test and post-test. The collected data were coded on the basis of analysis and interpretation. The researcher came to the conclusion that using teaching materials while teaching writing skill has a significant role to enhance the students' writing. Moreover, students were found motivated and actively participated in the classroom. The whole thesis is divided into five chapters:The first chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, rational of the study,objectives of the study, significance, delimitations and operational definition of key terms.The second chapter deals with the review of therelated literature and conceptual framework.The first chapter three includes the vital elements of the research study, i.e. methodology which was adopted to conduct the whole study and described in detail. It contains the design of the study, sources of the data, sample size, tools fordata collection, data collection procedure and of analysis and interpretation. The result is discussed in chapter four and in the last chapter the whole study is summarized and concluded along with the implications.Item Effectiveness of Rapid Reading in Promoting Reading Skills”(Department of English Education, 2013) Sah Kanu, Anil Kumar PrasadThis research study entitled "Effectiveness of Rapid Reading in Promoting Reading Skills" was an attempt to find out the effectiveness of rapid reading in promoting reading skills and to provide pedagogical implications. The study was conducted at St. Xavier’s Higher Secondary School, Birgunj, Parsa.The students of class nine were purposively selected as the sample of the study.A pre-test was administered before starting teaching. The students were taught for a month using rapid reading techniques. Finally, a post-test was administered to determine the students' rapid reading proficiency. Altogether four tests were administered and their scores were compared to each other. The data were analyzed using statistical tools like average, percentage, mean and presented using para orthographical texts viz table diagram. After interpretation and analysis of data, the findings of rapid reading techniques in promoting reading skills at secondary level were enlisted. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology under which sources of data, sampling procedure, research tools, process of data collection and limitations of the study have been included. Similarly, the third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data. The fourth chapter consists of the findings and recommendations based on the analysis and interpretation of data.References and appendices are attached at the end.Item English as a medium of instruction at secondary level education: Challenges and pitfalls(Department of English Education, 2021) Kulung, Bala RamThis research entitled English as a Medium of Instruction at Secondary Level Education: Challenges and Pitfalls was an attempt to explore the challenges encountered by teachers in the classroom where EMI is implemented. Another objective of the study was to identify the pitfalls caused by EMI education. I adopted mixed method design. The population of the study included all the public secondary level teachers of Kathmandu Valley where EMI is implemented. Altogether thirty five public secondary level teachers from seven different schools were selected as a sample using purposive non-random sampling procedure. The researcher used questionnaire as a research tool. On basis of analysis and interpretation of the collected data, it has been found that there are not enough ICT based classrooms for teaching through EMI, no any written guidelines on how to teach through English mediumand English-speaking environment is not created there in their school premises. Besides these, the challenges of employing EMI are diversity in background of the students, lack of necessary teaching materials, traditional mindsets and lack of co-operation among teachers, and poor students in English. On the other hand, in regards to pitfalls of EMI, one of the negative effects of shifting medium of instruction in to English is slowly but surely the loss of local cultures in the near future that diminishes the local or indigenous knowledge. In addition, the pitfalls of growing demand of employing EMI in public schools are gradual death of local language, religion and culture by Western ones. The present study includes five chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction including background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Chapter two deals with review of related literature and conceptual framework which consists of review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Chapter three deals with methods and procedures of the study including design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis and interpretation and ethical consideration. Similarly, chapter four deals with analysis and interpretation of data. Likewise, chapter five deals with findings, conclusion, and recommendations. Finally, the references and appendices are included at the end of this work respectively.Item Language Anxiety of M.Ed. English Language Education Students(Department of English Education, 2017) Khan, JamunaAvailable with full textItem Learner Centered Techniques Used by Secondary Level English Teachers in the Classroom(Department of English Education, 2022) Bisural, GayatriThe present study entitled Learner Centered Techniques Used by Secondary Level English Teachers in the Classroom is an attempt to identify and find out learner-centered techniques used in teaching language skills and aspects by secondary level teachers of English and suggests some pedagogical implications. In order to collect the data, the primary and secondary sources were used. Ten teachers of English and fifty students of grade IX and X at secondary school of Dhading district were involved as informants in this study. The main tools for data collection were observation check-list and interview. The teachers were requested to permit to observe their classroom teaching and students were interviewed. The raw data obtained from them were analyzed and interpreted descriptively. After analysis and interpretation of the data, it was found that teachers used learner-centered techniques like pair work, group work, discussions and pictures as supplementary materials. This thesis consist of five chapters. Each chapter is an important of this study. Thefirst chapter deals with the introduction of the study which consists of background of the study, statement of problem, objectives if the study, research ‘questions,significance of the problem, delimitation of the study and operational definitions of key terms. Similarly, the second chapter consists of review of theoretical as well as empirical literature and implications for the study: more importantly, it includes the conceptual framework. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study which cover design and method of the study, population sample and sampling strategy, research tools, source of data, data collection procedure, data analysis procedure and ethical considerations. Then, the fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretations of data. Finally, fifth chapter deals with findings, conclusion of the study and recommendations of the study.Item Learner Centered Techniques Used by Secondary level English Teachers in the Classroom(Department of English Education, 2022) Bisural, Gayatrihe present study entitled Learner Centered Techniques Used by Secondary Level English Teachers in the Classroom is an attempt to identify and find out learner-centered techniques used in teaching language skills and aspects by secondary level teachers of English and suggests some pedagogical implications. In order to collect the data, the primary and secondary sources were used. Ten teachers of English and fifty students of grade IX and X at secondary school of Dhading district were involved as informants in this study. The main tools for data collection were observation check-list and interview. The teachers were requested to permit to observe their classroom teaching and students were interviewed. The raw data obtained from them were analyzed and interpreted descriptively. After analysis and interpretation of the data, it was found that teachers used learner-centered techniques like pair work, group work, discussions and pictures as supplementary materials. This thesis consist of five chapters. Each chapter is an important of this study. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the study which consists of background of the study, statement of problem, objectives if the study, research ‘questions,significance of the problem, delimitation of the study and operational definitions of key terms. Similarly, the second chapter consists of review of theoretical as well as empirical literature and implications for the study: more importantly, it includes the conceptual framework. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study which cover design and method of the study, population sample and sampling strategy, research tools, source of data, data collection procedure, data analysis procedure and ethical considerations. Then, the fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretations of data. Finally, fifth chapter deals with findings, conclusion of the study and recommendations of the study.Item Listening Comprehension Ability of Students of GradeTen(Department of English Education, 2015) Dhami, Kumari ChandaniThe present research entitled "Listening Comprehension Ability of Students of GradeTen" was an attempt to find out listening comprehension ability of the grade ten students in Darchula district. This study further focused on the level of the students ( i.e. brilliant 80%, average 60%, and below average 40%) . Both primary and the secondary sources of data have been utilized in the study.Quantative and interpretative data analysis procedures have been used in the study. A sample of five secondary level government aided schools from Darchula district have been taken purposively by selecting ten students from each schools to meet the objective of the study. The study found out that listening comprehension abilityof the students of grade ten in Darchula district was not good. The overall result in listenings comprehension was not satisfactory. Because only 30% of them were good in listening comprehension.The remaining 70% were poor in listening comprehension. It shows that, though, the listening comprehension is also one of the language skills, students were not developing this skill which was not the good sign for the language learners. Furthermore, it was also found out that only 10% of the students were talented ( in the researcher’s term-Briliant). They said that, they were talented not because of their school environment but by their ‘self-practice’. This clearly shows the situation of teaching listening in the context of Darchula district. The study is divided into five chapters viz. introduction, review of related literature,methods and procedures of the study, results and discussion of the study and summary,conclusion and implications of the study. The first chapter focused on the background information of the research, different theoretical concepts which support the study. In the second chapter, the researcher has mentioned the review of theoretical literature, review of the empirical literature related to this research; implication and theoretical framework are the not able points of this chapter. The third chapter deals with methods and procedures of the study under which design of the study, population and sample,sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedures, study area, analysis and interpretation procedure is mentioned. The forth chapter involves the analysis and interpretation of results. Under this analysis and interpretation of data and summary of the findings are mentioned. Finally, the fifth chapter includes the conclusion and recommendation of the study under this implications such as policy level, practice level and further research level are suggested.Item Listening Proficiency of Eleventh Graders(Department of English Education, 2013) Adhikari, Dev RajThe present thesis entitled' Listening Proficiency of the Eleventh Graders is a study to find out and compare the listening comprehension proficiency of the students of Higher secondary level in Taplejung district on the basis of the variables; sector, public and private and sex; boys and girls in different test items used in the course of data collection. Here, the boarding schools with +2 have been taken as private and the government aided schools with +2 have been taken as public schools and so have been the students for this study. This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one starts with introduction which includes general background, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study. Chapter two contains methodology that consists of sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection and limitation of the study. Chapter three deals with the presentation,analysis and interpretations of the collected data on the basis of the performance of the eleventh grader students based on the variables: Sector wise; performance of public and private students, Sex wise; performance of boys and girls Text and test item wise; analysis and interpretations of the performance of those students. Finally, chapter four concludes with the findings derived from the study and recommendations on the basis of analysis and interpretations of the data so as to enhance and develop the listening proficiency of the students in the future.References and appendices that make the work valid are included at the end of this chapter.Item Post method strategies in English language teaching(Department of English Education, 2023) Acharya, Bhim PrasadThis study entitled Post Method Strategies in English Language Teaching aimed to find out the strategies of post method used by teachers in ELT classroom and to explore the experiences of the teachers in teaching through the principles of postmethod. Descriptive research design was adopted. Five English teachers teaching in community schools of Lalitpur district were chosen using purposive sampling to gather information. Interview guidelines and observation checklists were used as tools for data collection. The data was analyzed and interpreted using descriptive approach. The findings of the study showed that all the participants were not involving students to talk on topic, using indigenous knowledge, providing materials, treating learners as cultural informants for negotiation and fostering language awareness and cultural consciousness to the students. All students were not seen with own ideas and opinion and working in pair and group. It is also explored that the tendency to PMP was good but their views indicated poor in application. However, they seemed quite eager to apply in their classes too but they forwarded various problems and challenges for adoption. Teachers were habituated on predetermined methods so they did not like to shift toward PMP. This paper contains five chapters. First chapter includes background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives, research questions, significance, delimitations, and operational definition of the key terms. Likewise, second chapter incorporates theoretical and empirical review of related literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Similarly, third chapter covers research design and method, population, sample sampling strategy, sources of data, data collection tools, data collection procedure, data analysis and interpretation procedure and ethical considerations. Similarly, forth chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the result. Finally, fifth chapter contains conclusions and implications of the study. At last, references and appendices are also included.Item Practices of Englishfor Specific Purposes Atinstitute of Agriculture(Department of English, 2011) Khanal, NishaThis research is a study of"Practices of English For Specific Purposes AtInstitute of Agriculture”.This study aimed to find out how importantthe English language forthe students of agriculture has and also try to find out itsrelevancy, advantages, and weaknesses in technical writing. It also tries to throwlight on the particular works in comparison to others for which the necessity ofEnglish always strikes. This study was carried out using both the primary andsecondary sources of data. All the data were collected through questionnaires. Forthe primary source of data the researcher selectedInstitute of Agriculture andAnimal Science Campus of Chitwan especially post graduate students. Theresearch selected the students from the first semester (who had just finished theirfirst semester exam) and from the third semester, the numbers of respondents werearound 35/35 from the each semester.From the study it has beenfound that therespondentsneed English in almost each of their works. Where the knowledge ofEnglish becomes a must for them is inteaching learning activities,communicatingwith the person of different fields, presenting/attending seminars, meetings,presenting country profiles, writing reports, proposals, seminar papers, and so on. This study mainly includes four chapters. The first chapter introduces thestudy which consists of general background, review of the related literature,objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter mainly concernswith the methodology used in the study: the source of data, samplingprocedure, tools of data collection and limitations of the study. Likewise, thethird chapter of the study comprises analysis andinterpretation of the data.The fourth chapter introduces the product of the analysis and interpretation ofthe data, i.e. findings of the study and recommendations on the basis offindings. The final section presents the references and appendices which arevery much important for the validation of the research.Item Pre-Reading Activities in Teaching Short Stories at Higher Secondary Level(Department of English Education, 2012) Pantha, KoshanThis study entitled "Pre-reading Activates in Teaching Short Stories at Higher Secondary Level" attempts to find out the pre-reading activities used by the teachers in teaching short stories at higher secondary level in Kathmandu district.In order to achieve these objectives, two sets of questionnaire were distributed to the teachers and students and ten classes of teachers were observed by using class observation form. Ten higher secondary schools of Kathmandu district were selected non-randomly for the collection of data. Two teachers and four students were selected from each school non-randomly. After preparing the tools, there searcher visited the sampled higher secondary schools. The data were collected through questionnaire and class observation. Very difficult situation was found in pre-reading activities in teaching short stories. No fixed activities were found in teaching stories in class eleven. The researcher found guessing the topic and providing the reason for reading and good pre-reading activities. The activities were different from one teacher to another. It has been found that most of the teachers explained the title of the story. The condition of pre-reading activities was satisfactory. The present study consists of four chapters. Chapter one deals with general background, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study.The second chapter deals with the methodology used in the study. It consists of sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection and limitation of the study. Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data to find out the pre-reading activities used by the teachers in teaching short stories at higher secondary level. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted by using simple statical tools of percentage and figure.The fourth chapter presents the findings derived from the analysis and interpretation of the data. It also suggests some recommendations on the basis of the findings. The final section of the study includes the references and appendices.Item The Programme‘English by Radio’and its Role in Developing Teachers’ English Language Skills(Department of English Education, 2015) Neupane, BinodThe present research study is entitled The Programme‘ English by Radio’and its Role in Developing Teachers’ English Language Skills. The main objective of this research was to find out the contributions of radio training to develop teachers’ language skills at primary level in terms of listening and speaking skills, language teaching and learning, and professional development.I selected forty primary level English language teachers of Kathmandu district and those who listened programme ‘English by Radio’ which was conductedby Nepal English Language Teachers Association (NELTA). I applied non random (judgmental) sampling procedure to select data for my study. The findings of the research are based on the contributions of radio training programme. This study is conclude that training programme was very practical and highly helpful for language development and teaching learning. Step wise instruction for training, different methods and techniques used for presentation has highly positive aspect. Therefore, English by Radio teacher training programme was useful and effective for foreign language teachers. This study consists of five major chapters. The first chapter deals with the general background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance and delimitations of the study and operational definitions of key terms. The second chapter includes the review of the related literature. The third chapter presents methodology adopted to carry out this research work. The fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the collected data. The fifth chapter includes findings and recommendations madeup on the analysis and interpretations of the data. Finally, references and appendices are cited in the concluding chapters.