Browsing by Subject "Limbu language"
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Item Adjectival Morphology in English and Limbu(Department of English Education, 2010) Limbu, Bindu MayaThe present study entitled,'Adjectival Morphology in Limbu and English: ALinguistic ComparativeStudy,endeavors to compare and contrastmorphological system of adjectives oftheLimbu and English.TheEnglish datawere taken from secondary sources; Martinent and Thomason (1986) and Quirketal. (1985).The native speakers of Limbu language were the primary sourcesof data for Limbuadjectives. Theinformants were divided into three groups ofequal number of educated, literate, and illiterate persons. The researcher usedstratified random sampling procedure to sample thepopulation. The interviewand questionaire were used as research tools for data collection. It was foundthat Limbu adjectival morphological system was more complex than that ofEnglish adjectiva lmorphological system. No gender distinction marker is found in English adjectives. But in Limbu gender distinction marker is found.The suffix <-pa/-ba> indicates both masculine and neuter gender marker and the suffix <-ma>indicates feminine gender marker. In Limbu most of the adjectives are derived by adding prefix and suffixes<-pa/-ba> and <-ma>. But in English so many different types of prefixes and suffixes are used to derive adjectives from different word classes. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction part of the study which consists of general background with several subtopics, namely a short introduction of the English and Limbu languages, overview of adjectival morphology, need and importance of contrastive analysis, review of related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology which includes sources of data collection, sampling procedure and limitations of the study. Similarly, the third chapter contains the analysis, interpretation,presentation and comparison of the data. The fourth chapter contains findings,recommendations and pedagogical implications of the study.Item Adverbial Affixation in English and Limbu(Department of English Education, 2017) Lingdam, RabindraAvailable with full textItem Asking for Permission in English and Limbu(Department of English Language Education, 2008) Limbu, Santosh KumarThis thesis entitled "Asking for Permission in English and Limbu" is an attempt to identify the forms of asking for permission in the Limbu language, to compare and contrast them with that of the English language, and to suggest some pedagogical implications on the basis of the findings drawn from the study. The data were collected from the forty panthare dialect speaking Limbu native speakers selected using judgemental sampling procedure from three VDCs of Ilam district with the help of interview schedule. The sources of data for English were based on the previous research carried out in the Department of English Language Education. The study shows that forms of asking for permission are reflected through affixation in Limbu whereas they are reflected through lexical items in English, informal forms are used with family members, and neighbours. Limbus use temperate forms with general friends and informal forms with intimate friends whereas temperate forms are used with both type of friends in English. Both English and Limbu use formal forms with strangers, guests, bosses and teachers for seeking permission. This thesis has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter consists of the methodology in which the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study are seen. Similarly, the third chapter comprises analysis and interpretation of the data. Finally, the fourth chapter contains the findings and recommendations of the study.Item English and Nepali code-mixing in the Limbu language(Department of English, 2009) Tumbahang, Mohan KumarThis thesis entitled "English and Nepali Code-Mixing in the Limbu Language" attempts to have the socio-linguistic scenario of English and Nepali Code-Mixing in the present Limbu language. The researcher availed both the primary and secondary sources of data. An official request letter of Sukuna Multiple Campus was sent to Radio Nepal Regional Transmission Centre, Dhankuta as a tool to collect data. After that, the researcher studied and analyzed the available data. The thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one deals with general background in which language has been defined, linguistic scenario of Nepal, introduction of the Limbu language and the reasons of code mixing. Chapter two is related to methodology which deals with sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Chapter three deals with analysis and interpretation of the data and chapter four includes findings, recommendations and pedagogical implications of the study. The major findings of the present study reveal that English code-mixing occurs in a greater number than Nepali in the Limbu language. The code-mixing is found in the word and phrase levels but not in the sentence level. In terms of the word classes, noun and adjective are found in the first and second position of occurrence respectively. Verb and adverb have no occurrence at all. The important issue to highlight here is why the Limbu speakers are inclined to mix English and Nepali codes and what obvious reasons there are behind English and Nepali code-mixing into the Limbu language.Item Forms of Ordering and Advising in Enlgish and Limbu(Department of English Education, 2009) Chemjong, PramilaThis research entitled ‘Forms of Ordering and Advising in English and Limbu’ has tried to find out the forms of ordering and advising used in the Limbu language and to compare and contrast them with those of the English language. It compared and contrasted the forms on the basis of the relationship in family, in office, with neighbors, guests, friends, strangers. The data were collected from the 80 Limbu native speakers selected using judgmental and snowball sampling procedures from Mouna Budhuk and Rajarani VDCs in Dhankuta district. The researcher selected the informants at her convenience and asked them to select others who could give her more information then she contacted them. The data were collected with the help of interviews and questionnaires. The sources of data for English were based on different books, theses, dictionaries, and articles. The researcher found that both English and Limbu speakers use the formal and polite forms with strangers and guests and use informal language with junior family members, students, and staff, intimate friends while ordering and advising. Limbu speakers order the neighbours, guest, strangers and general friends but English speakers request them. Likewise, forms of ordering and advising are reflected in affixation in Limbu whereas they are reflected in lexical items in English. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology in which the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study are included. Similarly, the chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretations of the data and the chapter four comprises the findings and recommendations of the study. Finally, the references and appendices are included.Item Greetings and Taking Leave in English and Limbu Languages: A Comparative Study(Department of English Education, 2007) Subba, Dil ManThe present research is an effort to find out and compare the terms of greeting and taking leave used in the English and Limbu languages. For this study the researcher took sample population from Gajurmukhi and Ivang VDCS of Ilam district. They were at least 40 native speakers of the Limbu language. They were selected by using judgmental sampling procedure. The main tool for data collection was the questionnaire. The sources of data for the terms of greeting and taking leave in English were based on the previous research carried out in the Department of English Education and some related books. The researcher used simple statistical tool and table, to analyze and interprete the collected data. The findings of the study show that 'hello' and 'good morning/ evening/afternoon' are the common terms of greeting and 'good-bye', 'see you again' are common terms of taking leave, specially for the superiors and 'hi', 'good day' are other terms of greeting and 'love you', 'Cheerio' are the terms of taking leave in English. In Limbu, 'Suhāńgen hāń/hāńma' 'Luńmendiń sewāro', 'Huksodiń sewāro', 'K.T ādāńbe/me', are the terms of greeting for superiors and 'semmuī sewāro', Semmuī nākāro', 'Semmīro' are the terms of taking leave for Superiors. And 'āsewāro', 'K.T ādāńbe/me' 'Kenubi' are common terms of greeting and 'Pegāńlo + K.T', 'Seriro', 'Senchiro F.N', are common terms of taking leave. The first chapter contains general back ground, languages in Nepal, English: a brief introduction and its importance in Nepal, an introduction to the Limbu language, statement of the problem, review of the related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. The second chapter consists of the methodology which includes source of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection, and limitations of the study. The third chapter deals with analysis, interpretation of data. The data has been analyzed and interpreted descriptively and comparatively. Finally, the fourth chapter contains the findings, recommendations and pedagogical implications.Item Pluralization in English and Phedappe Limbu(Faculty of English Education, 2018) Limbu, PabitraThis research work entitled Pluralization in English and Phedappe Limbuis anattempt to identify the processes of pluralization in the Limbu language and to find out the similarities and differences between pluralization processes of Limbu and English. The researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary sources of data were forty Limbu native speakers of Kerabari Rural Municipality and Sundarharaincha Municipality of Morang district. The secondary sources of data were different books, journals and theses. The sample population was selected by using stratified random sampling procedure. The researcher used interview schedule and questionnaire as the major tools to collect data. The collected data were analyzed, interpreted and presented descriptively and comparatively. The researcher came up with the finding that suffixes '-si' and '-hā'are used to change singular nouns into plural forms in the Limbu language whereas the suffixes '-s' and '-es' are used to pluralize noun in English. This thesis has been divided in to five chapters: introduction, review of the related literature and conceptual framework, methodology, analysis and interpretation and findings and recommendations. The first chapter deals with the general background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions,significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definition of key terms. The second chapter contains review of related theoretical literature,review of empirical literature, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework of the study. The third chapter includes all the areas of methodology. Likewise, the fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of results and the fifth chapter includes findings and recommendations. At the end of this chapter references and appendices are included.Item Semantic Analysis of English Action Verbs and Chhathare Limbu Action Verbs(Faculty of English Education, 2018) Limbu, Bhim KumariThis is a research study entitled "Semantic Analysis of English and Limbu Action Verbs." This thesis attempts to identify the semantic relations between the English and Chhathare Limbu action verbs on the basis of semantic, overlaps, gaps, antonymy and super-ordinate and hyponyms and to compare and contrast the English and Chhathare Limbu verbs in terms of semantic equivalence to find out the similarities and differences. The tool of this study was the structured interview. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The native speakers and the researcher herself of Chhathar Rural Municipality of Teharthum district were the primary sources of data and different books, journals, papers, magazines dictionary of Limbu language and these were used as the secondary sources of data. The sample population was 20 native speakers of the Chhathare Limbu language. The researcher used the stratified random sampling procedures to sample the population. After the analysis and interpretation of data, it was found that some English and Chhathare verbs are semantically equivalent, some semantically inclusive and some others semantically overlapping. This thesis includes five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory part which comprises general background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study and delimitations of the study. Chapter two includes the review of the theoretical and empirical literature, implication of the review of the study and theoretical/conceptual framework of the study. Chapter three includes methods and procedures of the study such as design method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, study area, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedure and analysis and interpretation procedure and ethical considerations. Chapter four deals the analysis and interpretation of results and chapter five consists of findings and recommendations.Item A Sociolinguistic Study of The Limbu Language (As Spoken in West Sikkim)(Department of Linguistics, 2011) Subba (Limbu), Krishna BirThis thesis presents a Sociolinguistics study of Limbu spoken in West Sikkim under Soreng subdivision Block Development Office (BDO), Dentam and Geyzing circle. The purpose of this study is to assess the sociolinguistics situation of the Limbu language. The instruments utilized in this study were sociolinguistic questionnaires, interviews and 210 Swedesh wordlist. The findings of the research include Limbu language spoken by as estimated roughly- 19000 people i.e. 60 percent of the population of West Sikkim. The Limbu people are bilingual in most and lesser are multilingual. Young people often avoid the use of their language. It is because of the fact that Nepali is the lingua-franca in Sikkim. The Limbu people have their own ethnicity, culture, festivals, rites and rituals food habit and life style. It makes them distinct from their ethnic groups. Like other Hindu people, they observe the festivals such as Dasain, Tihar, Saune and Mage Sakranti. However, their special festivals are Dasain and Ballihang Tongnam (Tihar) and Sirijunga Sawan Tangnam which they celebrate in Aswin/Kartik and Mangsir every year. Limbu people are both bilingual and mulitilingual. They speak Limbu as well as Nepali, Hindi, Enlish, Lepcha, Bhutia, Rai and others. Besides their mother tongue, they also use the Nepali language as the second most frequently used language. The participants also tend to think that when the young children first enter school are able to understand their Nepali speaking teacher’s teaching. The language resources available in the Limbu language are written literature, like poems, plays, fictions, other genres, telefilms magazines, journals, and newspapers. The Limbu speakers have positive attitudes towards their mother tongue since 90% of them said that they love the Limbu language most. They also said that their children should speak their mother tongue first. Most of the Limbu speakers said that medium of instruction for their children in primary level of education should be mother tongue. The Limbu language is most frequently used in many domains of the language. They use their mother tongue in counting, story telling, singing, joking, shopping, playing, and in public meeting. Most of the Limbu speakers use their mother tongue at home while talking about educational matters, social events and family matters.Item Subordination in Limbu and English: A Comparative Study(Department of English Education, 2008) Limbu, Sakindra KumarThe researcher in his thesis entitled 'Subordination in Limbu and English: A Comparative Study' tried to determine subordinators in Limbu and, to find out similarities and differences between the subordination of Limbu and English. Some of the Limbu subordinators are ----- which generally occur in the clause final position of the subordinate clause. The process of subordination in Limbu is different from that of English. The Limbu verb suffix plays an important role in making subordinate clauses. The researcher collected the data from the forty Limbu speakers of Prakashpur VDC of the Sunsari district for Taplejunge dialect of Limbu. The researcher used the secondary sources for the data of English subordination. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background of the study which includes the languages found in Nepal, introduction to Limbu, importance of CA on language teaching, sentence, classification of sentences in terms of their structural complexity, subordinator, subordination, kinds of subordinate clause, review of the related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definition of the specific terms. The second chapter is related to the methodology applied to carry out the research. It deals with the sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection, and limitations of the study. The third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The researcher has used descriptive style to represent the Limbu subordinations and he has compared and contrasted Limbu and English subordinators and subordination system with examples. The fourth chapter deals with the findings and recommendations. Findings are made in the light of analysis and interpretation and on the basis of the findings some recommendations have been made for pedagogical implications. The researcher does not claim that this study is perfectly satisfactory and complete. Because of limited time and resources, there may be some limitations and shortcomings in the study.Item Tense Marking System in Limbu and English(Faculty of English Education, 2018) Limbu, Kamala SherengThis research entitled Tense Marking System in Limbu and English is an attempt to identify the tense marking system of Limbu language to compare and contrast them with this of English and suggest some pedagogical implication based on the findings. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, both primary and secondary sources of data have been used. The sample population of the study consists of 60 Limbu native speakers selected through purposive non-probability sampling procedure to elicit the required data. Data for English language has been taken from secondary sources. A set of questionnaire was used to elicit the data from literate informants and the same questionnaire was used as an interview schedule for illiterate informants. The collected data has been analyzed, interpreted and presented descriptively. In Limbu, there is not past tense marker with transitive verbs in Limbu but „-ed1‟ marker is in English. There is „-s‟ marker with 3rd person singular in English and „-0‟ marker in Limbu for present tense. i.e. tub-u, thuŋ-u (Limbu) and plucks, goes (English). In Limbu, suffix ‘-ra’ on main verb khaktu show progressive aspect and other morphemes yaka, keyaksi are present markers in Limbu and suffix „-ing‟ on main verb in English along with auxiliary verbs „am, is, are‟ as present markers and „was, were‟ are past markers in English. Similarly, yage, meyage are separate morphemes in past tense markers in Limbu for progressive aspect. In Limbu, suffix ‘- aŋ’ is added to root verb to indicate perfect aspect. ‘Waʔ‘ is present perfect marker and ‘we’ is past perfect marker. But have+v-ed2 is present perfect markers and had+ved2is past perfect markers in English.Item Translation of proverbs: A case of Nepali, English and Limbu(Department of English Education, 2016) Sambahamphe, Dil KumarThis thesis entitled ‘Translation of Proverbs: A Case of Nepali, English and Limbu’ has been carried out to find out the techniques employed in translating the proverbs from Nepali to the English and the Limbu language. The main aim of the study is to identify the effective techniques that are used while translating the proverbs from the Nepali to the English and compare with the Limbu language. The data were collected from 40 native Limbu speakers of different dialect of the Limbu language. The informants were selected using purposive nonrandom sampling procedure from Kathmandu Valley and eastern part of Nepal. The data were collected with the help of questionnaire and interview. The sources of data were collected from different books, dictionaries and articles. The researcher found that the Limbu native speakers were able to translate the Nepali proverbs into the English proverbs due to the different secondary sources but feel difficult into the Limbu proverbs due to the lack of sources. The study showed only six techniques of translation were used by Limbu native speakers while translating 60 Nepali proverbs into the English and the Limbu proverbs. Literal translation – 46.66%, equivalence translation – 25%, sense translation -23.33%, and anaphoric translation, metaphoric translation, rhetorical question translation – 1.67%/1.67% respectively were employed by the translators while translating Nepali proverbs into the English language. Literal translation -41.66%, sense translation – 28.33%, equivalence translation – 25%, anaphoric translation, metaphoric translation, rhetorical question translation – 1.67%/ 1.67% respectively were employed by the translators while translating Nepali proverbs into the Limbu language. Literal translation was found the most frequent and the most common techniques of translating the local proverbs. Sense translation was also found frequently used technique. Equivalence was the most effective technique of translating the proverbs having global reference of meaning and the wider coverage. But, it became comprehensible and intelligible only when the cultural meaning was not centered in the source text. In other proverbs anaphoric translation, metaphoric translation, rhetorical question translation was found less frequency. This thesis comprises five chapters. The first chapter includes background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter deals with review of the theoretical literature, review of the related empirical literature, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study which includes the design of the study, population and sample, sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedure. The fourth chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of results. Similarly, fifth chapter deals with conclusions and recommendations. Some implications of the study in policy level, practice level and further research are presented in this section. Finally, this chapter follows by references and appendices to make the study scientific, valid, reliable and authentic.Item Verb Agreement in Limbu Language(Department of English, 2006) Wanem, Lok ChandraVerb Agreement is one of the essential parts of the language. Until and unless the study of this Verb Agreement, is not solved, we cannot understand language. Limbu language is also scientifically proved language like other languages. Its spoken form is well developed but written form is not developed well. Though it is one complete language but also its grammatical forms are not studied yet due to the lack of Researchers. Many native and foreigners have tried to study about many grammatical aspects of Limbu language but relating this Verb Agreement in Limbu language is not studied by Researchers. Really it is very difficult to understand the Limbu language without knowing its grammatical aspect. Although many Limbus speak Limbu language but they have very poor in grammatical aspects. Limbu grammatical items are really difficult than English grammatical items. If some one deeply wants to understand Limbu language, he should know Limbu grammatical items. It is related with Himalayan pronominalzed language group. When nouns and pronouns come as subject in Limbu language then these different nouns and pronouns as take different verbs forms. Though the topic is verb agreement but it is better to say that relating on topic Subject, Object verb agreement because when we write Limbu language object has also direct connection with subject and verb. In Limbu when three persons and three numbers come as subject, then they take different verb forms even is same tense. It is really problematic tasks in Limbu language. It isalso very difficult to study for non-native Limbu speakers. So in this dissertation these grammatical item are tried to study systematically.Item Vocabulary of Limbu Aanipan- Yakfa thik and English textbook of Grade I(Department of English Education, 2015) Changbang, Madan KumarThe research entitled "Vocabulary of Limbu Aanipan -Yakfa Thik and English Textbook of Grade I" is aimed at finding and comparing the vocabulary used in English textbook and Limbu Aanipan - Yakfa Thik (language textbook for students of Limbu mother tongue). The main objective of the study is to analyze the vocabulary of major word classes (noun, verb, adjective and adverb) and compare them in two different textbooks. Limbu textbook and English textbook for class one are taken as the sample. The researcher has adopted the purposive non-random sampling procedure to select the sample - Limbu textbook. The teachers and the school head teachers of the schools where Limbu Aanipan-Yakfa Thik is taught are contacted and interviewed. Similarly the researcher has studied different materials containing Limbu language and culture. The data are analyzed and interpreted quantitatively as well as qualitatively. They are presented in tables, charts, percentage and explained verbally too. The study has found out that the Limbu textbook has more coverage of nouns and verbs than those of English textbook. In the case of adjectives both the textbooks have approximately equal words used. Again the Limbu textbook has more adverbs than in English textbook. The thesis is organized in five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction chapter. The general background of English language and Limbu language are discussed and the study is introduced through the statement of problem, objectives of the study, research questions, signification of the study, delimitations of the study and the key terms used in the thesis. The second chapter deals with the related literature reviewed and the theoretical base of the study. The third chapter is about the methods and procedures of the study and deals with the research design, population and sample, sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedure and data analysis procedure. The fourth chapter, results and discussion, presents the results of the study and discusses various aspects of the major word classes used in both the studied textbooks. The fifth chapter presents the summary and conclusion of the study.