Browsing by Subject "Multidrug-resistant"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item In Silico Drug Repurposing Against Salmonella typhimurium LT2 Dam Protein(Department of Biotechnology, 2023) Maharjan, SujaThe increasing prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) pathogens has resulted in the failure of current antibiotics to effectively treat these infections. Computer Aided Drug Discovery (CADD) has become a crucial tool in the drug discovery process recently. It has been demonstrated to be a successful method for screening lead compounds against target proteins within a short amount of time and with optimal resources. In the present study, a computational approach, CADD tools were employed to identify novel drug candidates against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, targeting its essential gene, Dam. Virtual screening of various ligand libraries was conducted. From the initial library consisting of 21,000 compounds from natural products, 10,342 compounds from indole derivatives, 1,685 compounds from Kinase Inbibitors and 3,118 compounds from Nucleoside mimetics after ADME/Tox and druglikeness filters were narrowed down the number of compounds to 205 Natural Products, 462 Indole Derivatives, 6449 Kinase Inhibitors, and 654 Nucleoside Mimetics. The final screening from molecular docking and binding energy resulted in the identification of four lead compounds, Antineoplaston A10 and Cardamonin from natural products, 5-cyclopentaneamido-1-ethyl-N-(2methoxyethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide from Indole Derivatives, 2 [[anilino(oxo)methyl]amino]-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid from Kinase Inhibitors and 3-[[[4-[2-(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methylamino]methyl]-1-(6methylpyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol from Nucleoside Mimetics were identified as potential leads. These compounds showed higher binding affinity with the target protein and lower binding efficiency for human hMAT1A protein compared to the reference compound S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH). The stability and strength of protein-ligand binding were observed through protein-ligand interactions, Density Functional Theory (DFT), analysis of frontier molecular orbitals and vibrational spectra. The results suggest that these compounds may be potential candidates for further exploration against other MDR pathogens prioritized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Keywords: CADD, Multidrug-Resistant, Dam, essential gene, lead compoundsItem IsolationofSalmonella Spp. in different meat samples of Kathmandu valley(Faculty of Microbiology, 2009) Pokhrel Majagaiya, SrijanThe present study was conducted at Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tripureshwor,kathmandu from Ashoj to Mangsir, 2065 with the aims of determination of theisolation ofSalmonella spp. in meat samples of kathmandu Valley. Altogether 250meat samples including Goat (75), Chicken (125), and Buffallo (50) were collectedfrom different retail shops of kathmandu Valley. All these samples were processedusing standard procedures for the isolation and identification ofSalmonella spp.frommeat samples. All Salmonella isolates were tested to different antibiotics usingstandard protocol for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility profile. The isolation ofSalmonella spp. detected case was found to be 9.2%. The detectionrate was found highest in the month of Ashoj (11.11%).The isolation of Salmonellasppdetected case in retail shops of kathmandu (11.01%) was higher than that ofBhaktapur (8.77%) and Latitpur (6.66%). The isolation ofSalmonella sppdetected inchicken (11.2%) was higher than buffalo (8%) and goat (6.66%) meat samples.Among 23 isolates of Salmonella, 39.13% were S. gallinarum, 34.78% were S.pullorum and 26.08% were Salmonella spp. belonging to Serogroups D and E.Among these serogroups, Salmonella belonging to serogroup D was the mostpredominant. Multidrug- resistant (MDR) was observed in only 4.34% of theSalmonella isolates. However, most of the isolates in addition to those pathogenic tohuman ( i.e , belonging to Serogroup D and E) were resistant to the antibioticsTetracycline and Nalidixic acid. All isolates were sensitive to Cephotaxime,Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Chloramphenicol. Key words: Salmonella, Serogroups, Multidrug-resistant, Pathogenic, Antibiotics.Item Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) among Mdr-tb Patients Registered at Lumbini Zonal Hospital(Department of Zoology, 2015) Paudel, SitaTuberculosis is still a major public health problem in developing countries like Nepal which has turned to a deadly form multidrug-resistant. A case-control study with 50 MDR-PTB patients as cases and 63 drug susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patient as control was carried out to identify risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at Lumbini Zonal Hospital. Irregularity in taking medicine (OR = 2.36), large family size (OR = 2.40), farming as occupation (OR = 2.83), past history of TB and bovine at home (OR = 6.5) were identified as risk factors. By screening 400 sputum samples from 200 TB suspected patients using Z-N staining method, 24 (12%) cases were found to be AFB positive. Prevalence of PTB in male and female was 14.50% and 7.25% respectively. Similarly, higher infection was found among the people of age group 41-50 years (16%). Most of the PTB patients had lower secondary level educational attainment (19.05%) and had involved in service (18.37%). In a questionnaire survey of same 200 TB suspected patients done to assess their knowledge, attitude and preventive practices for TB, knowledge regarding nature of disease, symptoms, route of transmission and prevention of TB was not adequate.