Browsing by Subject "Nature"
Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Association of Myth and Nature in Kalidasa's The Meghadootam(Department of English, 2009) Paneru, KamalaThis research study basically analyzes themythologicalelements which are associated with natural description in Kalidasa’sThe Meghdootam.Kalidasa has employed several Hindu myths relating them with the descriptionofnatural places and objects. This study attempts to show how the natural description is linked with mythological ideas for the establishment of an associative relationship of myth and nature. Apart from this, it also brings forth a detailed account of some Hindu myths which are employed in the poem for the reinforcement of the mythological vision that can offer harmony and balance to society.Item Deep Ecology in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things(Department of English, 2017) Lamichhane, KamalThis research paper makes an attempt to explore a concern for deep ecology in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. Due to the eco- imbalance and the environmental pollution, the whole world is under the curse of global warning. The healthy well balanced environment is the need of time. The world needs eco-friendly atmosphere for the proper growth and development, sustainability and prosperity. Roy has dealt with the subject matter with the environmental concern. In her novel, she has focused her attention on the value of eco balance and environmental balance. This paper deals with exploitation of nature beyond its limits of regeneration. Key words: Nature, Eco criticism, urbanization, modernization, deep ecologyItem Eco-critical Awareness in John Steinbeck's The Pearl(Department of English, 2019) Tharu, DineshThis research paper examines the mutual relationship between human beings and nature in John Steinbeck's The Pearl. Furthermore, it expands the eco-critical awareness in the protagonist Kino when he forgets his Mexican ecological awareness: respect, devotion, responsibility to protect the nature (Pearl) and departs to American individualism to satisfy his/her materialistic desires: food, cloth, education, marriage and consumption of commodity which results unhappiness and ruin. For the analysis, this paper uses theories of biocentrism of Paul W. Taylor, Lawrence Buell, and William Rueckert. Likewise, the theories of life-centered system of ethics and reverence of life are by Paul .W. Taylor and Albert Schweitzer. The examination of these ideas concerning biocentrism, life-centered systems of ethics and reverence of life lead to a finding that Kino who forgets his Mexican Indian ecological awareness and departs to excessive individualism which leads him to face crisis to his family and lives. Hence, Kino regains his previous happy, peaceful, communal life, and tie with nature by showing deep respect, reverence, devotion and responsibility to nature. Through this paper, it examines the happiness and prosperity does not lie in American materialism. Rather, it lies in Kino's own Mexican Indian community, culture, ritual, moral values and ethics towards the nature. Key words: nature, anthropocentrism, reverence of life, ethics.Item Ecological Consciousness in Johanna Spyri's Heidi(Department of English, 2021) K.C., SujataThis thesis examines and analyzes Spyri's novel Heidi and explores how she presents nature in an eco-feminine way. As this novel was written in mid- Victorian period, the effects of colonization is seen. This study explores that the nature-mother and hospitality of Heidi including her grandfather, Peter stood healer to Clara Seseman. Feminine traits are normally associated with the idea of beauty, creation, compassion and tolerance but here nature has presented in different way. The speaker in the novel is explicitly or implicitly female who celebrate nature as healer, open-book for the people who can understand the language of nature. The study employs theoretical insights from eco-feminist scholars. It precisely brings in the eco-critical insights developed by Carolyn Merchant and Val Plumwood as theoretical parameters to analyze the relationship between women and nature.Item Ecological Consciousness Regarding Human-Animal Relationship in Randall Jarrell's The Animal Family(Department of English, 2008) Mishra, DeepakJarrell's views towardsworld's organismrest on the positive, as well as the negative aspects of human beings in relation to animals.Humans as the creatures of higherlineand animals as the creatures oflowerlineis a thinking of human chauvinism. So, Jarrell tries his best to breakdown this view of human in order to bring arelation of balancebetween humansand animals. He puts forward his attention on friendliness, togetherness, connectedness, interdependence, and peace and harmony between and among the human and animal characters of the novel. Taming animals for the betterment of both human and animal can be seen from a good eye, but taming the animals only for humans' benefit cannot be acceptable. Jarrell has this view towards human and animal implicit within him as an ecological consciousness.Item Environmental Imaginings in Winterson'sThe Stone Gods(Central Department of English, 2017) Kadariya, SeemaThe major thrust of this research is to studyparallely how women are oppressed in patriarchal society and how nature is exploited in Jeanette Winterson'sThe Stone Godsapplying Richard Twine's idea on ecofeminism. Spike is oppressed by Mr. Handsome. His preliminary infatuation leads her to nowhere. Rather it tends to affect their relationship badly. Handsome gives hollow promises. This issue is tested from the angle of ecofeminism. Ecofeminism sees a connection between the exploitation and degradation of the natural world and the subordination and oppression of women. It brings together elements of the feminist and green movements, while at the same time offering a challenge to both. It takes from the green movement a concern about the impact of human activities on the non-human world and from feminismthe view of humanity as gendered in ways that subordinate, exploit and oppress women. Spike is alone in the family as her mother was already dead. Spike’s unsuccessful bonding to Handsome and its lack of emotional attachment stands in sharp contrast to the exploitation of nature by those who uphold aggressive and antagonistic attitude to nature and her integrity. Spike childhood memories overshadow her present with gloom. What pains Spike most is her utter loneliness in this house. Her loneliness stands for the desolation and emptiness in nature. She can establish no effective communication with her male partner.Spike’s worldly nature makes her well inclined to derive the fullest satisfaction from the intimate experience of sex.Item Glorification of Nature in Wendell Berry's Essays and John Muir's Travelogues(Department of English, 2007) Rosyara, Ushacological literature paves the way of eco-awareness in the mind of contemporary people. It aims at knowing the earth. Actually, the description of the natural entities is an effort to understand ecology as all other social issues intersect with the complex issues of natural world. The whole understanding of ecology depends on interconnectedness. The new understanding comes through the long experience of the natural world and its ways. People start to realize the essentiality of nature in their life only when they know it. Eco-awareness implants on human mind and the ideas of human connectedness with nature makes a response to the need of humanistic understanding of our relationship with natural world. John Muir and Wendell Berry try to help us understand nature, and human relationship with nature by glorifying it. Their writings are based on their direct observation and experience. By interconnecting human beings and natural world, both the writers tryto germinate seeds of eco-awareness in the mind of contemporary people. The words that they use are originally linked to natural and oral culture. And the words provide remedies to resolve loss, tension and paradoxes of the world. So, their writings are agreat source of inspiration for modern people who are negligently overlooking at their permanent home-nature.Item Indigenous Knowledge and Resources for Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A Comparative Study of Livelihoods of Sankharapur Municipality Pre and Post-Earthquake(Central Department of Rural Development, 2019) Shrestha, SabinThe modern perspective regards indigenous construction practices as primitive, undeveloped and backward. They may be valid if they measure quality of life on the basis of luxury. But if they measure it on the basis of happiness, wellbeing and pride then traditional buildings can be an alternative. Use of indigenous materials and techniques is one of the main features of vernacular building. Indigenous knowledge has been founded on principles and understanding acquired from long tasting and experience by our ancestors to enhance sustainable development endeavours. The main objective of the study entitled “Indigenous knowledge and resources for sustainable livelihood approach: A comparative study of Sankharapur Municipality pre and post-earthquake.” is to assess the relation between IK and resources and sustainable livelihoods on the basis of five assets of capital prepared by DFID. Assessment of livelihood was based on field survey, observation, Interview and Focus Group Discussion where judgmental scoring method was applied. Structured and unstructured questionnaire tools were developed to collect data. It was developed on the basis of Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet. 40HH sample were chosen on random basis for questionnaire and interview was done to 8 local persons. Indigenous buildings are less vulnerable to earthquake. The technology of using wooden sill and lintel band around the buildings makes indigenous buildings safer during earthquake. Thermal behaviour of indigenous buildings are good which makes least use of thermal appliance to the user of the building resulting in the low operational cost. IK and resources also impact on socio-economic, environmental & cultural identity of building. Indigenous materials being entirely natural have no impacts on environment. The architecture of indigenous buildings are such that it offers maximum social interactions preserving its own cultural heritage. As for sustainable livelihood development, indigenous materials have potential to evolve and to be adapted to contemporary needs, helping to reduce embodied energy and environmental impacts and revive cultural heritage. Therefore, this paper addresses indigenous knowledge and resources as a sustainable livelihood approach in the context of Sankharapur and recommended to develop policies like subsidizing tax on using indigenous materials and techniques encouraging local people to adopts such knowledge.Item Interconnectedness between Land and Humans in Lil Bahadur Chetri’sMountains Paintedwith Turmeric(Basain)(Central Department of English, 2011) Poudel, MohanMountain Painted with Turmeric (Basain),the novel by Lil Bahadur Chhetri, explains the story of dispossession and displacement of Dhane and his family. This research observing this story from the vantage point of eco-criticism has linked these consequences with the nature or land. Land is common property of all and foundation of life. Therefore, it is very intricately connected with each and every activity of the creatures on it. Misuse or abuse of it by its inhabitants results into drawbacks upon themselves. InMountain Painted with Turmeric (Basain),feudal social structure has interpreted and used land as materialistic entity for their utilitarian purpose that ultimately bringsnot only problems in human-nature relationship but results into tension among humans. In the novel that tension reaches climax, as Dhane is dispossessed of his land and house thereby bound to leave the village.Item Quest for Organic Unity in Thomas Hardy'sThe Woodlanders(Department of English, 2011) K.C., Dineshhis research on Hardy'sThe Woodlandersexplores the relationship between human andnon-human world, which reflects Hardy's quest for organic unity.In this novel, the relationship between nature and characters is subtle, indirectly reflecting Hardy’s concern for organic unity. The people who live in woodland have a strong sense of the natural degeneration in the surroundings, and they are quite familiar with every natural phenomenon. In the novel, the characters are led to explore the relationship between human and natural world. This thesis explores Hardy’s portrayal of nature as sometimes being cruel so as to teach the human beings the lesson about the significance of the organicism. The characters are made to acknowledge the significance of maintaining harmony with nature. The perception of nature suggests modern civilization exists ifonly it harmoniously cohabits with nature. Although nature provides human beings with living stuffs, it also forces humans to acknowledge its power through its processes. In the novel, the characters such as John South and Giles Winterbourn’s attempt to identify and relate their emotional-- sentiments--and physical state to natural phenomena reflect their quest for organic unity.Item Rapid Need Assessment in Ten VDCs of Nawalparasi District A Case Study to Assess the Needs of Community Development With focusing to Conflict Affected People(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Thapa, TarakThe RNA study pursues the overall objective to coverage of two major strategic components one is enhancement the capacity of the local health institutions and second is to promoting livelihoods of the conflict affected vulnerable groups. The target group includes conflict affected population as well as excluded and vulnerable groups particularly rural poor, children, women, Dalits, people with disabilities, and ethnic minorities. Final beneficiaries are poor and marginalized people living in the rural area. The Rapid Need Assessment (RNA) is conducted as a first and foremost activity to find out the institutional capacity of the health institution and identify the target group to identify the possible activities. In this district ten VDCs have been selected for the study, namely Dedgaon, Ruchang, Mithukaram, Naram, Jaubari, Bharatipur, Deurali, Agyouli, Kawasoti and Shivamandir. As we see the status of conflict affected people in number with types in this district that are as follows. Among ten VDCs not equally affected by the conflict as a secondary source of information that we have found these status of conflict affected where 27 persons were killed, 13 were seriously injured, 14 were arrested and torture even beating, 63 were got threatened and two were lost their property due to confiscated. But after verified during the RNA we have got updated information about conflict affected people are as follows that 30 persons were killed, 13 were injured, 14 were kidnapped, 22 were traumatized, 7 were missing and 7 were displaced. In the figures of damaged public infrastructure such as VDC building out of that VDC building of Deurali was completely damaged by bomb explode but now this building is rebuilt with support of the government. Likewise, VDC building of Shivamandir also partially damaged due to same cause of incident during the course of conflict which is not yet renovated and remaining VDC building were not seen as dismantled even during the conflict. As we see that existing available health facilities and their capacity are not enough however all health institution are running in its own building which is normally in good condition but some of them are need to repair. In many areas such health institution has been covering its own periphery catchments and in most of part where people are compelled to walk more to get health facility, it means accessibility of health service is poor in terms of not located at suitable center. We could not get any record of treatment to conflict victims for any purpose in any health institution and health management committee is functional but not playing pro-active role. Likewise, health personnel also not in sufficient number it means sanctioned against fulfillment of required post and trend of absents also another problem was observed during the RNA. The final beneficiaries and target groups of this study are conflict affected people, vulnerable, Dalits, women, children, marginalized, ethnic minority and rural poor. Study has targeted socio economic intervention on conflict affected and vulnerable communities whereas RNA task is fed, informed and shaped by the views, voices and existing situation of target community, HH and even persons. The main objectives of RNA task were to identify the conflict people under categorized types and numbers based on secondary data and analyze the situation of existing vulnerable communities in the selected areas in order to capture their needs, demand and priorities to be addressed by any project during implementation as far as practicable.Item Symbiosis between Nature and Culture in Callenbach’s Ecotopia and Krakauer’s Into the Wild(Central Department of English, 2018) Sharma, MadhukarThis research work examines two narratives, namely, Ernest Callenbach’s Ecotopia (1975) and Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild (1996) from ecocritical perspective with particular attention to symbiosis between nature and culture. This study explores various symbiotic relationships between human and non-human world by deploying the ideas developed by ecocritical scholars such as Barbara Paterson’s concept of “Symbiosis”, A.N. Whitehead’s “nature as organism”, Lawrence Buell’s “biocentrism”, and Arne Naess’s “deep ecology”. In one hand, a young boy named McCandless Into the Wild experiments with dropping out of society to see if he can live on his own in the Alaskan Wilderness. However, his obsession with the wilderness leads him to his demise. On the other hand, people in Ecotopia live with a complete sense of ecological awareness maintaining symbiotic bonding between human and non-human worlds. The study contends that the dichotomy between nature and culture does not exist anymore. These entities are not separated; there is an interrelation between them. Environment only assumes a truthful meaning when it can relate to human world and vice-versa. Well-being of both biotic (including humans) and abiotic communities depend upon the reciprocal and symbiotic relationship between nature and culture. Therefore, we should not conceive the world as being divided anymore, as being separated between these two ontological instances, one natural ( land, water, forests, and so forth ) and the other cultural ( human beings, society, cities, and so forth).Item Women and Nature: Naturalization of Female in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye(Department of English, 2016) Pardeshi, KabitaThis research analyzes Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye from ecofeminist perspective. It foregrounds the dominated and marginalized state of nonhuman nature and female. It also focuses on the female identity and criticizes the definition made by patriarchal society toward women and nonhuman nature. The activities of Pecola reflect the relationship of women toward ecology. Similarly, the struggle of Frieda and Claudia to save the baby of Pecola also throws light upon relationship between women and ecology. The life of the main protagonist is linked with the life of nonhuman nature. Pecola suffers lot in her society as the nonhuman nature like cat and dog. They both can't go away from their society to save their life. Frieda and Claudia try to make their identity though they belong to the same society where Pecola lives.