Browsing by Subject "Power"
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Item Ambivalence of Power in Michelle Obama's Becoming(Central Department of English, 2019) Raut, SudipThis research paper entitled "Ambivalence of Power in Michelle Obama's Becoming" explores the cultural hegemony of the white supremacy over the black community in America on the ground of ambivalence of power. The concern of the black domination and discrimination and the way of treating black community by the supremacy of white society make the need for this research. Taking theoretical insights on cultural hegemony, cultural ambivalence, cultural identity and discursiveness of power as proposed by Antonio Gramsci, Homi K Bhabha, Stuart Hall and Michael Foucault respectively, this research reveals that any individual who rises from marginal ground to higher position feels hegemonic domination. Acquiring supreme power hardly means the ultimate solution of any form of hegemony and free from the ambivalence of power. This study discloses that Michelle Obama herself feels as the victim of cultural hegemony though she has been the First Lady of America. It is realized that the hegemonic sentiment occurs in Obama not because of any other forces except ambivalence she feels while executing power. This can be well addressed by foregrounding the multiple voices on the basis of ambivalence of power that focuses on the theory of cultural hegemony.Item Discourse and Power in George Orwell’s NovelNineteen Eighty-four(Faculty of English, 2009) Dhamala, Bhoj KumarNot AvailableItem Female Masculinity in Willa Cather's A Lost Lady(Department of English, 2017) Marasini, AnitaThis research explores nature of female masculinity and background of man and woman. This paper finds problems of woman in Victorian period because of misunderstanding and extension of autocracy in Willa Cather's A Lost Lady. Mrs. Forrester lust for autonomous and powerful life. In the beginning of her life story, she has attachment domestic life with older husband. They stay discriminatory behavior but Marian Forrester presents a 'female masculinity' in the beginning to the end. Mrs. Forrester shows female masculinity in the end of paper and bonds woman being executive. So, this research brings a concept on masculinity derived from Judith Butler, Cora Kaplan, Michel Foucault etc. to notice implication and valorize the condition of female masculinity. Key Words: Masculinity. Money, Marriage, Rejection, Sexual, PowerItem Gender Subaltern in Ken Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest(Department of English, 2017) Rai, Gagan ChhinamkhuKen Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest raises the issue of the gender subaltern. The novel's portrayal of mental disability is found to be impressive in its avoidance of stereotypes through the representation of its characters as individuals, rather than merely characterizing symptoms of mental disorder. In exploring the novel's investment in individual characters, however, it becomes clear that within the novel, disability and emasculation are intrinsically linked. This creates gender Subaltern of patriarchal undercurrent to the text: Nurse Mildred Ratched's control is a direct result of her continual emasculation and her de-feminized domination of the all-male patients. In contrast, McMurphy is celebrated as liberator despite having been committed for rape. These portrayals of the main characters seem ultimately representative of troubling message in the novel. The text is a genuine demonstration of gender subaltern. Key words: Subaltern, Hegemony, Gender, PowerItem Optimal Network Reconfiguration and Distributed Generation Integration for Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Enhancement in Radial Distribution System(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-09) Manandhar, NareshNetwork Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation (DG) integration can significantly reduce power loss and improve the system voltage. This thesis explores the approach for reduction in power loss and improvement in system voltage through a combination of network reconfiguration and DG installation in radial distribution systems. Initially, the approach was verified in a typical 33 and 69 Test Bus system in MATLAB using the Backward/Forward Propagation Load Flow approach. Voltage Stability Index (VSI) technique has been applied to determine the most sensitive bus to locate for DG integration. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm was used to determine the optimal solution. Six scenarios for different combinations of system reconfiguration and DG installation were analyzed by using NEA 63-Bus real distribution network of the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), Kirtipur Distribution Center. The simulated results were compared with the base case scenario and were validated with results from the previous studies for DGs injecting active power only. Among them, Scenario VI (simultaneous network reconfiguration and DG integration) gave the best result for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. The results obtained in this study show that, for DGs generating active power only, the percentage reduction in active or real power has been improved by 72.19%, 83.52%, and 57.69% for the IEEE 33, IEEE 69, and NEA 63-Bus system respectively. Similarly, for DGs generating both real and reactive power, the power loss has been reduced by 91.61%, 96.53%, and 90.54% for the IEEE 33,Item Political narratives and intersectional representation: A critical reading of Michelle Obama's becoming(Department of English, 2023) Dahal, Radhika DeviThis paper examines political narrative and intersectional representation in Michelle Obama’s Becoming in the light of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s political theory and Stuart Hall’s notion of representation. The autobiography encapsulates Obama’s journey from the girl to becoming America’s First Lady. Highlighting highs and lows of her life, Obama describes how she transfigured her from becoming ‘me to us’. The memoir also depicts how political power transformed her identity and she gradually gained the potential to challenge and subvert the power structures. The research focuses on specifically there questions: What are the factors that affect Obama’s early life? How does she realize that there is racism everywhere in the USA? How does she succeed in maintaining her distinct identity despite the racism and political biasedness prevalent in American society? The paper embodies Hardt and Negri’s idea of political theory to highlight that by acquiring political power one can emphasize the role of social movements and gain the potential to challenge the submissive power structures. Similarly, Hall’s concept of representation has been adapted to present that representation locates the power as it is influenced by the dominant ideologies and can reinforce existing hierarchies. This paper, in this regard, concludes that political power works as a mechanism to bring a desired change in the nation making the sphere full of opportunities for those neglected and subordinated. Keywords: representation, politics, power, identity, intersectionalityItem Power Dynamics in Margaret Atwood’sBodily Harm(Central Department of English, 2009) Panth, KrishnaMargaret Atwood'sBodily Harmbrings into light the dramatization of various discursive practices that mould the subjectivity of the protagonist Rennie. The novel scrutinizes the position of Rennie, a life style journalist and how she reacts to the situation. She gets ensnared in the complex web of power relations that reflect the functioning of divergent forces. Though she attempts to escape and resist, she is thrown into a nightmarish world in the Caribbeanisland of St. Antoine being imprisoned in a Subalternnean cell with Lora. She is victimized due to the dominant discourses like patriarchy, life style journalism and third world politics. At the end of the novel, she changes her outlook to life and hence survives but she remains an individual who is still a part of the network of different discursive practices.Item Promotion Of Soft Power Through Cultural Diplomacy: A Study Of Nepal(Department Of International Relation & Diplomacy, 2020-07) Lamichhane, Mani RajThis research paper attempts to explore the way through which cultural diplomacy of Nepal can promote its soft power in international ground. The paper begins with concise explanation of power and explains in detail various sources of soft power in relation to Nepal. This study further moves on to explain the value of cultural diplomacy by discussing it in relation with tourism and it also investigate on the way how tourism can enhance soft power of Nation. This paper has not only provided the detail account of soft power of Nepal but it has also investigated into the difference between hard and soft power by bringing the references of many scholarly view. While gathering the information and analysis of Nepal’s soft power, the data collected from first-hand experience of Foreign Service personnel (via questionnaires) is tabulated and presented in charts and diagrams. Further, data collected from secondary sources of information is presented in chronological order to give coherent structure to the paper. While making the literature review and during the process of research this study finds that Nepal as a country has very limited soft power amenities and it has not been able to exercise those effectively in international ground. Some of the soft power amenities and possibilities of Nepal identified in this paper are Nepali cultural and religious richness, Bravery of Gurkha, Personalities like Araniko, Nepal’s position as underdeveloped country and likes.Item Reinforcement of Masculinity in Ernest Hemingway's Green Hills of Africa(Department of English, 2012) K.C., Uma KumariThe present research on Green Hills of Africa by Ernest Hemingway attempts to show a vivid portrayal of masculinity, especially by the narrator along with his companions in safari. In particular it explores the masculinity showed by the novelist and his friends either in hunting of the animals or in the creation of literary works. In simple terms, the novel involves hunting competition among the characters on the basis of the number of animals or the size of their horns that is a symbol of pride for the hunters. So hunting animals and its passion is taken as a trophy of hunting. Not only this to prove himself superior he provides criticism of American writers. He even express his worry about the slaughter of the animals and its affect on environment. But instantly again, he appreciates his hunting skills. His masculinity compels him to prove himself superior through the sport of big game ''hunting''. Such tendency exhibits the importance of the heroism and personal success in modern world motivated by masculinity.Item Representation of the Interwar British Society in Kazuo Ishiguro‟s The Remains of the Day(Department of English, 2023) Karkee, PragatiThis thesis analyzes the impact of dominant cultural practices in the interwar British society in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day by. In doing so, it examines the socio-economic landscape of the period, where fading aristocracy shapes the lives of its characters, including that of the protagonist Stevens. The research also studies the mysterious elements in the novel, such as the opulent but decaying Darlington Hall and the regretful recollections of the past that symbolize the touchable remnants of British society's past. Applying Raymond Williams’s theoretical methodology called cultural materialism, this research explores how material conditions influence cultural values and behaviors. The protagonist Stevens, a dedicated butler, exemplifies the class-consciousness prevalent in the interwar Britain. His unwavering commitment to serving his aristocratic employer, Lord Darlington, reflects the material dependence of the working class on the ruling class people for employment and social status. The sacrifices he makes, including repressing personal desires, illuminate how the material constraints of the time shape individual choices and perpetuate the existing power structures. Keywords: dominant, culture, material, consciousness, power, aristocracy marginalized section of the society, emergent, residual.Item Resistance to US Hegemony in Hatim Kanaaneh’s A Doctor in Galilee: The Life and struggle of a palestinian in Israel(Department of English, 2016) Pandey, NavrajThis thesis examines the US intervention in the regional politics of Middle East, especially in the afoot issue of Israel and Palestine. The unrest of this region has been descriptively narrated by the author Hatim Kanaaneh in his memoir A Doctor in Galilee: The Life and Struggle of a Palestinian in Israel where he sketches the domination and suppression of Arab minorities. US prevails itself as super power in the Arab zone, interfering in the internal affairs of Israel and Palestine. To show the situation I have used the theoretical tools like hegemony, power, discourse, and identity. The large territory of Palestine has been seized by Israel with the economic and military aids of US. Hatim is a Palestine born doctor who stays in Israel as an Arab minority; he encounters discrimination and torture. The compilation of various events inside the memoir unveils the struggles, triumphs, memories, and a hope of the indigenous Palestinian community living in a state that does not acknowledge their past or encourage their future. Through this work, he resists the US hegemony and wills to have his own distinct identity.Item Revisiting 2002 Gujarat Carnage in Githa Hariharan’s Fugitive Histories(Department of English, 2018) Dhodari, PurnaRevisiting 2002 Gujarat Carnage in Githa Hariharan’s Fugitive Histories Abstract:This present research paper focuses on the issues of power politics and the ideology of Hindu ruler in Githa Hariharan’s Fugitive Histories. Beside this, the researcher has tried to find why Mahatma Gandhi has been criticized and compared with Muslim Asad in the novel. In addition to this, he differentiates the official and unofficial narration of the Gujarat pogrom history and attempts to prove the people in the power dominate and subjugate the powerless because of their inherent ideology. Therefore, revealing out the issue of brutality of the state, to provide justice to the victims of the Gujarat Carnage (2002) and to excavate the real history in the text are the main focuses of the study. In order to analyze the text, the new historicist concepts like power, discourse, meta history, anecdote etc. are used in this research. By using new historicists’ ideas, the research establishes an idea that the state, ideology and powerful people play dominant role to make history and sustain in power to reach in power and be dominant in the state. Key words: New historicism, power, ideology, brutality, state and historyItem Rituals and Power: A Performative Reading of Nepali Dalit Movements(Central Department of English, 2017) Charmakar, Rudra BahadurThis thesis analyses how Dalit Movements in Nepal have used rituals as part of their strategies and how ritual practices make impacts in the movements. As, Nepali society is based on four fold varna system- Brahman, Kshetri, Bhaishya, and Shudra; which has been practicing from 3500 years ago. In course of time, State enacted the legislations, rules and regulations on the basis of misinterpretations of Vedas, Puranas, and Hindu religious books and imposed discriminatory social hierarchy in the society. According to varna system, Shudras are supposed to have come at the bottom of the hierarchy; and, they have to bear the discrimination, suppression, oppression, boycott, exclusion, hatred, and negligence from the society. They have been discriminated more in ritual and cultural sectors. Consequently, Dalit movements from the inception adopted the cultural and ritual practices as methods such as chanting the mantras and richas, from religious books; reciting the mandal, and suktas from Vedas and Puranas; performing the ritual and cultural activities in the temples and sacred places; placing the tulsi-moth and temple nearby homes etc. The movements raised the issues for equality, dignity and social liberation in 1940s; however, it got a new height after 1990. It is believed that the ritual and cultural practices have power to overcome the problems. So, Dalit also thought that they have received the power and inspiration from Gods and Goddesses by performing ritual and religious activities. After the political changes of 1990, Dalit movements have amended some agenda and demands; and changed the procedures as well. As a result, they gained some historical achievements within few decades. Hence, by looking at the scenario of Dalit movements from ritual and performative perspectives; there is power, enthusiasm and inspiration in ritual practices which give success, happiness and satisfaction to the performers.Item Solar Powered Charging Station for Electric Vehicles in Kathmandu Valley-A Case Study of Sundar Yatayat(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-09) Pal, Bikash KumarNepal is shifting towards clean mobility with increasing reliance on electric vehicles. There will be huge pressure on NEA to meet the future electricity demand, so alternatives like renewable energy should be opted for charging. Using solar energy is viable in Nepal since the technology is already advanced and economically cheap. In this paper, a feasibility study is done about the techno-financial aspect of installing the solar PV system for charging electric vehicles. Public electric vehicles operated by company, Sundar Yatayat Pvt. Ltd. are taken into consideration for data collection and feasibility test. The company operates four vehicles currently, two buses of length 10.5m and 8.5m and two vans of length 6m which runs in ring-road of Kathmandu valley. A survey is conducted regarding the types of vehicles operated, charging pattern of the vehicles, number of units consumed to charge the vehicles, charging location, annual income as well as its operation and maintenance costs, internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period are used for the feasibility of the use of solar PV energy for charging the vehicles. There are four vehicles in operation at present, so the comparison is done between charging the vehicles through various percentage share of solar PV system to the current charging units i.e., 100%, 80% and 50% share of solar PV system. In all three cases, the Levelized Cost of electricity is calculated and the vehicle operating routes are studied inside Kathmandu valley. Finally, the optimal and feasible solution for solar-based