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Item Forms of Address in Newari and English(Department of English Education, 2011) Shrestha, Suresh KrishnaThis present research work entitled‘Forms of address in Newari and English’aimed at finding out the forms of address in Newari and to compare and contrast them with the English forms of address. For the accomplishment of the research work, the researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. The researcher selected seventy-two respondents from six VDC’s of Sindhupalchok district including illiterate, literate and educated of both sexes as primary source.After the study and analysis, it is found that Newari has its own forms of address for different relations. It is also found that different forms of address are usedbydifferent people to address the same relation. For example,chi, chẽyāmā,bābucāyā bwā, nānicāyā bwā, mimja, kaimuandithiare used to address their husband by their wife's.The whole study encompasses four chapters. Chapter one consists of general background, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. Similarly, chapter two contains the methodology adapted in course of study.Sources of data, tools for data collection and limitations of the study are also dealt with in chapter two. Chapter three presents the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained through primary sources. Chapter four includes findings and recommendations which are derived from the analysis and interpretation of the data. References and appendices are included at the end of this work to make the work more valid. ix Suresh Krishna ShresthaItem Land Politics in Nepal: An Ethnographic Study of Makar VDC in Nawalparasi District(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2008) Timilsina, Dilli RamThe present research is an ethnographic study on land politics in Makar VDC of Nawalparasi district. The main issues included in this research are land right, land ownership, land institution, dual ownership of land, fragmentation of holdings, nature of land encroachment and landlessness among the rural households. It is needless to say that land is the socio-cultural entity where co-existence of two or more legal system as well as specific rules and regulations are attached to it. Such plural legal processes have created complexity and confusion to the government and the concerned people. The study examines issue of landlessness, squatters (sukumbasi), and peasants, who played major role in the land development of Makar VDC. As the land value rose along with social change, they are unable to sustain land right due to local power politics and the land resource ultimately goes in the hands of the local elites. Similarly, the communal land is used in the name local institutions like schools, campuses, temples, monasteries and so on. The institutions played a means of land transformation in the study area. When land is transformed though local innovative rules and regulation, controversial and arbitrary legal systems are created. The process provided a fertile land to the local elites to germinate power and authority in social sphere. The dichotomy between local and central and peoples' perception on different social phenomenon has created dilemma that has relatively influenced the governmental land policy as well as local land development. Different commissions have been formed and their emblematic notion of 'land to the tillers' as well as rural political volatility has generated a new power politics over land. Adequate legislative and administrative machinery have not been provided to meet the ever increasing problems which have arisen in the implementation because statutory provisions have been pyramided. The burden of tenure insecurity that is better understood as an effect of social relations and their dynamics, many more land has became merely a political discourse even in the 'so-called' democratic society.Item Nepal-India Relations: Dependency Consequences And Strategies(Department Of International Relation & Diplomacy, 2020-11) Gurung, GitaNepal is positioned between two large nations- India and China but it is more close to India due to its' accessible geography, shared historical, economic, religious, socio- cultural and people to people ties from the ancient time. Although Nepal constructed Kathmandu-Khasa highway in 1960s, geographical constraints like land locked situation and poor connectivity facilities with China has been obstructing Nepal to diversify its relations. As a result of geographical constraints coupled with structural scarcity, Nepal has been asymmetrically depending over India for its access to sea, trade and commerce and in large, this economic dependency is also disaffecting Nepal's security and foreign policies. India has been supporting in political transitions in Nepal whenever its interests synchronize with anti-regime groups. Taking advantage of Nepal's economic and political dependency, India's interferences in Nepal's internal affairs are observed time and again. Whenever Nepal's tries to diversify her foreign policy engaging with northern neighbor in economic, military, foreign or political affairs; India expresses its dissatisfaction using its unofficial hard economic power. India imposed economic blockades in 1969, 1989 and 2015. Realizing asymmetrical dependency over single country increasing vulnerabilities and threats to any nation, Nepal has been using different strategies in different periods to skip from India's dominance. In this context, this research first discussed Nepal-India relations and explored political, economic and military dependency of Nepal. Then, it explained about the consequences that Nepal is facing due to its asymmetric dependency over one country. Finally, the paper critically examined the different policies used by Nepal in the past and also suggested other possible strategies by comparing them with the successful strategies of small European state- Switzerland.Item Nepal–Britain Relations with Special Reference to Gurkha Soldiers(Central Department of Political Science Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 2008) Kandangwa, Ram NarayanItem Relationship Between Public Expenditure on Education and Economic Growth of Nepal(Central Department of Economics, 2018) Ghimire, SudipNot Available