Browsing by Subject "Socio economic status"
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Item Changing Socio Economic Status of Kumal Community (A Case Study of Ramgha, Lamjung)(Department of Sociology, 2019) Gautam, KarunNepalese society is a unique example of the most use of different caste and ethnicgroups living together. Social structure of Nepal is very complex, which has beenhighlighted by various foreign and Nepalese scholars in their writings. Unity indiversity is the major characteristics of Nepalese national culture. Among thedifferent ethnic groups, Kumal is one of the indigenous ethnic groups havingtheir unique culture, traditions and rituals. The study of “Changing Socio-economic status of Kumal Community ofRamgha, Lamjung” has been conducted with a general objective to examine thepresent socio economic status of the Kumal community in the study area, find out the causes of economically and socially backwardness of Kumal community and to give relevant recommendation to the policy maker for economically andsocially upgrading of the Kumal community. In this way, we can track out thepresent situation of the Kumals of the study area, know their traditional ways ofliving and to explore the impact of modernization and urbanization on theirlivelihood. In brief the study will over view their socio-economic status in termsof demographics, education, employment, occupations wealth, and incomes.Primary and secondary data were used to collect the information and techniquesand tools like field observations, formal and non formal discussion, interviewswere held to collect other necessary information. Descriptive and analyticresearch designs have been followed to describe and examine the finding of thestudy. Out of around 120 households of Ramgha, 60 respondents of the Kumalwere taken as sample by using purposive sampling method. The study clears that the Kumals are one of the small ethnic/indigenous group ofthe study area following their own sorts of language, culture and tradition. Theyare culturally rich, simple, gentle but economically poor. They basically dependupon the wage and agriculture/labor for their livelihood. Their life cycleceremonies are very interesting and can attract national as well as foreignscholars and researchers. Based upon findings, the paper suggests that livelihood of Kumals have beenseverely affected by modernization. They are forced to leave their traditional occupations and sell their land in order to keep up with the pace of modernsociety. Kumals who once use to own the entire hills of Kumal Gaon are confinedto small areas of land. Kumals who were mostly farmers in the past are foundadopting various occupations. Still many Kumals are privileged. Due to the hustleand bustle of urban society Kumal culture, customs, traditions and language areon verge of decline. The celebration of feast and festivals, marriage, birth rituals,dancing pattern and other activities are being affected due to the entrance ofdiversified culture in this area. Hence the Kumals requires proper recognition bythe local levels and government. To preserve these indigenous ethnic minorities,they must be encouraged to keep up with their traditional culture, customs andtraditions. If not, Kumals who are less than 25,000 throughout the country will belost in globalization and their evergreen culture, customs and traditions will be ahistory.Item Condition of HIV/AIDS among migrant people and their spouses; A case study of Raspurkot VDC of Pyuthan District, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2016) Sharma, Madan KumarMigration to Indian and other countries from rural areas of Nepal is common phenomenon. Poverty, Lack of education and employment, growing population is pushing factors for migration. Separation from family or sex partner and other risk behavior put them in high risk of HIV transmission. HIV/AIDS is a major disease which directly affects the economic and social status of a family and in other sector of community. More than 65,000 people are living with HIV in Nepal and it being a growing challenge for economic empowerment of rural community. To find out the socio-economic status of migrant people living with HIV/AIDS and to determine the knowledge and attitude of the general people towards PLWHAs and to explore the vulnerability of HIV/AIDS was the objective of this report. Interview with PLHAs and key formants of the VDS, focal group discussion with mother’s group, user’s group and local leaders and case study were the main methodology of the report. The views and thinking towards PLWHA and their families of the society and their economic status will be significantly changed via socioeconomic package, compared to current situation. The package is thus clearly more efficient in achieving its goal than by other means. Collaborating and coordinating with governmental and other existing skill, healthcare and economic agencies, the system will be more powerful and effective. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has brought about challenges that are too diverse and complex to be tackled by government or by NGOs alone. It raises socio-economic, legal, ethical and human rights issues that all need to be addressed if the fight against the epidemic is to be successful. That is what it is most important to develop and must hold strong political commitment, clear national policy and strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The awareness raising program should be conducted in collaboration and coordination with existing governmental, nongovernmental, skill development, healthcare and economic agencies is more practical and sustainable.Item Prospects and problems of commercial vegetable farming A case study of Gajuri Rural Municipality, Dhading District(नेपाली शिक्षा विभाग, 2018) Dallakoti, Giri RajThe study “Problems and Prospects of Vegetable Farming in Rural Area of Nepal “A Case Study ofGajuri Rural Municipality,Dhading District’’ focused on role of vegetable farming in socio economic status of farmers. The general objective of the study was to examine and analyze the problems and prospects of vegetables farming in the study area. The specificobjectives was to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, to analyze thestatus of commercial vegetable farming in the study area, to examine the role of vegetable farming in the income generation, to analyze problems faced by the farmers and to analyze theprospects of vegetables farming in the study area. Exploratory as well as descriptive research design was used to conduct the study.Structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation were used for collecting datafrom the selected households.50 households were selected simple random sampling techniques.Collected information was presented by using simple descriptive and statistical tools such astable, percentage, etc. The findings of the study showed that all the selected householdswere involved in vegetablefarming; however64%of them practiced vegetable farming in off season. Similarly, the study showed the66%of increasing situation of vegetable farming. The farmers were found to plant different types of vegetables as Radish, Cabbage and potato mainly. Regarding the contribution of vegetable farming to increase the income of the local farmers, it was found that vegetable farming contributed in a great extent for income generation.Nearly,40%of the respondents earned 51-75 thousands in a year from the farming. Farmers found to face several problems such as lack of plain land for farming, lack ofirrigation, fertilizers and pesticides, high labor cost and low price of products. As the prospectsof farming they were interested in vegetable farming and wanted to give continuity to it for a longtime. Further policy research and developmental studies are requestedto alleviate poverty through the development of commercialized urban agriculture in study area.Item Role of women in household decision making Process: A Case study of Swarek VDC, Syangja District(Department of Rural Development, 2017) Subedi, BhabitaThe study entitled ‘Role of women in household decision making process’ is the study to find out the women’s role in decision making process in Swarek VDC of Syangja district. This study aims to examine the socio-economic status of women, to compare the effectiveness of job holder and non-job holder women in household decision making process and to explore the problems of women in decision making process. Thus, this study is the key study to find out the situation of women in illiterate Nepalese community This study was based on the qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The data were described on descriptive and exploratory method. This study aimed to meet the target objectives with the help of primary and secondary data. The methodology also incorporated the processing and analysis of data. Thus, this research is completely based on a systematic process. So far socio economic status of the respondent is concerned on the basis of various variables. Most of the village women do not take responsibility in social and economic activities. The women belonged to the age group of 25 to 46 years (27.77%) take part in household decision making process. similarly 72.22% married (33.33% jobholder and 77.78% jobless) women have household decision making power. Likewise, 29.63 % intermediate level complete women make household decision. In the case of religion, 83.33% Hindu women take part in decision making process. similarly, 83.89% women do have 0 to 5 ropani land. In fact, the women who were higher in social and economic status they had opportunity to lead their family. Thus, the social status is one of the key components of decision making process. It was to find out effectiveness between the job holders and non-job holder women. According to the study, 53.70% couples both decide to spend their income. Similarly, 64.71% women have authority to mobilize their saving, 64.81% women expend their income in household activities. Moreover, 50% men decide for family planning, 48.14% women decide for medical treatment and 51.85% men decide for dispute control. The women who were job holder they have decision making power in the family. It is also associated with the economic condition. The finding states that the nature of job of the women is the change agent of making decision. The finding showed some inherent affecting factors of decision making. Among all the respondents 30% illiterate and 50% social and traditional culture affect decision making process. Similarly, 20% women have problem for making decision because of poverty. Moreover, politics, marriage and head of family are also some of the reasons of creating problems in household decision making process. These components were the main fences for women in making decision. These components did not make existence of male in making decision. In conclusion, the study found that the status of women in Swarek VDC was miserable in decision making process in their family. Very few women have got opportunity for making decision in their family. The main cause of not getting decision making power is illiteracy. The second cause is the condition of job. Specially, non-job holders have no power to make decision. Thus, the most important thing to consider is educating the women and let them participate in the social activities. At the same time, opportunities for job should be provided to the women according to their level and capacity. Some traditional malpractices should not be taken into practice for the betterment of the society and women.Item Socio-Economic Status of Magar Community A Case Study of Devisthan VDC, Baglung District(Central Department of Rural Development, 2019) Sinjali, TejindraThe study highlights the socio-economic status of Magar community of Devisthan VDC of Baglung district. Primary data was collected from the field using sample survey, covering total 45 respondents and 6 key informants. Stratified random sampling technique was applied to select the sample and interview schedule was made to collect the information and data. The main objectives of the study are as follows: • To examine socio-economic condition of the study area. • To analyze socio and cultural changes in the Magar community. • To explore the problems of Magar community. However, study area is a rural area. Most of the families are involved in agriculture. Study finds above 50 percent of the sampled families have food insecurity situation. In the study area, most of the families have domestic animals for the purpose of manure, milk, meat, and eggs only. It could not develop as professional occupation. So, their economic condition is miserable. The average family size is 5.52. Educational Status of the study area is not bad on the whole. The literacy rate in study is 40 percent than national average (54.1%) similarly female literacy rate is also very low. The Magar of the study area had their own way of influenced by Hinduism. But the social status of Magar in the study area is not well established. The study highlights the socio-economic status of Magar community of Devisthan VDC of Baglung district. Primary data was collected from the field using sample survey, covering total 45 respondents and 6 key informants. Stratified random sampling technique was applied to select the sample and interview schedule was made to collect the information and data. The main objectives of the study are as follows: • To examine socio-economic condition of the study area. • To analyze socio and cultural changes in the Magar community. • To explore the problems of Magar community. However, study area is a rural area. Most of the families are involved in agriculture. Study finds above 50 percent of the sampled families have food insecurity situation. In the study area, most of the families have domestic animals for the purpose of manure, milk, meat, and eggs only. It could not develop as professional occupation. So, their economic condition is miserable. The average family size is 5.52. Educational Status of the study area is not bad on the whole. The literacy rate in study is 40 percent than national average (54.1%) similarly female literacy rate is also very low. The Magar of the study area had their own way of influenced by Hinduism. But the social status of Magar in the study area is not well established.Item Socio-Economic Status of Women: A Case Study of Mudikuwa VDC- 5, Parbat(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Jaisy, Sita DeviThe status of women is an important factor affecting the socio- economic development of a country. In most societies there are differences and inequalities between men and women in responsibilities assigned, activities undertaken access to and control over resources as well as decision making opportunities. This discrimination creates social injustices which has negative impact on social and economic development. From the various studies it is found that women have suppressed by their male counterparts and their status in low due to their backwardness in many cases. So, low status of women has become serious problem to society and the nation. Women should get equal role in decision–making and opportunity in each and every sectors of development for this it is important to explore their present status and roles, responsibilities, decision-making power and problems. It is equally important to find out the participation in economic activity, education and access to resources. This present study Socio-Economic Status of Women: A Case Study of Mudikuwa VDC- 5, Parbat is based on primary information collected from the field survey. This study displays the role in household work, participation in education, economic activity and decision- making. It also explores the attitudes of women on ownership of property rights. The outcome of the study helps in formulation and implementation and appropriate policy and action programs by development workers. This study shows that majority of women have been deprived from the role, responsibility and decision making on economic and education while decision making is very low in every sector. In totality, women have low status in society and they are deprived form various facilities and opportunities. They have low access to resources. Gender inequality is persisting deeply in our society. Unless and until women are in the mainstream of development, the goal of social justice,equity and sustainable development will be unfulfilled dream. Therefore, we should empower or emancipate the women to develop their status with proper policies and programmes.