Browsing by Subject "Staphylococcus aureus"
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Item ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF ISOLATED Staphylococcus aureus FROM PANEER SOLD IN KATHMANDU(Amrit Campus, 2023-08-17) KHANAL, VAGYASHREEPaneer is a fresh acid-set, non-aged, non-melting soft indigenous food made from curdling milk. Safety of dairy products is an issue of public health in Nepal. Staphylococcus aureus is an food borne pathogen of importance in dairy products. The main aim of this study is to detect microbial quality of paneer marketed in different localities of Kathmandu district. In present study, 30 paneer samples were randomly collected from dairy shops from 5 different locations in Kathmandu (Bafal, Kalanki, Naikap, Sitapaila and Thamel) during April to May 2022 and processed at laboratory of of Microbiology, Amrit Campus. Microbial analysis of paneer was done by Total bacteria count and total Staphylococcal count S. aureus were identified by biochemical tests and their antibiotic susceptibilty test was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results obtained from this investigation revealed that out of 30 samples, 39.9% in Total Bacterial Count (TBC) was above specification. Among 30 samples, 29 samples showed Staphylococcus spp. growth and of those only 12 confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus . Among them 6 (20 %) exceeded specification of 100 cfu/gm. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus showed 100% sensitivity towards Cotrimoxazole and Gentamycin and Levofloxacin, whereas resistance towards Chloramphenicol (8.3%), Cefoxitin (8.3%), Tetracycline(8.3%), Penicillin G (41.6%), Ampicillin (16.6%), Nalidixic acid (41.6%) and Azithromycin (16.6%). MRSA was detected in 1(3.34%). This study concluded that maximum number of sample exceeding microbial specification and antibiotic resistant isolates were reported from Naikap. Irresponsible and over use of antibiotics has lead to an increased the presence of multidrug Regular microbial quality monitoring of marketed paneer should be carried out by authorized Institution of Government of Nepal. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and control the quality marketed in Kathmandu.Item Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance Along With E-Test in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical samples(Faculty of Microbiology, 2019) Subedi, SoniaStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is commonly isolated pathogen from clinical specimen with increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance. The main aim of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical sample and tode termine their susceptibility patterns. This study was conducted from August2017 to January 2018. During this time period, a total of 3893 different clinical samples were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Following identification, isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and further admitted for screening of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), inducible clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aure usand MIC performed by E-test. Among 3893 different clinical isolates processed in this study, S.aureus was isolated from 97 samples (7.60%) which constituted 62 (63.9%) from male and 35(36.1%) from female; 60 (61.9%) from inpatient and 37 (38.1%) from outpatient.59 (60.8%) isolates were obtained from MRSA. In this study, all the MRSA isolates were obtained multidrug resistant (MDR), whereas 71.05% that meansout of 27 of 38 of MSSA isolates were MDR. Although none of the isolates shows showed constitutive resistance to clindamycin, there were 35 inducible clindamycin resistant isolates; 12 from MSSA and 23 from MRSA and theisolates were found susceptible to vancomycin by E Test method. On conclusion,observation of D- effect among some isolates provokes the necessities for development of new strategies. Keywords:Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Inducible clindamycin resistance, E test