Browsing by Subject "Tamang language"
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Item Clause Combining in Tamang(Department of Linguistics, 2014) Yonzon (Tamang), SabinTamang is one of the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in Nepal. It is primarily spoken in the Himalayan region. Tamang population is also found in many other urban and rural areas across the country. This study is an attempt to analyze the clause combining in Tamang from formal and functional perspectives. This study is divided into four chapters, the first chapter deals with the general background of the study. The second chapter deals with subordination. The third chapter deals with coordination. The fourth chapter presents summary and conclusion of the whole work. In the second chapter, subordination is further divided into three types. They are: complement, adverbial and relative clause. Within complement clause, it is further divided into subject complement and object complement. The complement is marked by the suffix-ba. Adverbial clause is divided into temporal, locational, reasonal, conditional, concessive, infinitival, purposive and converb clause. Temporal clause is marked by ŋatsʰa, haima etc. Within temporal clause, it exhibits past time, present time and future time. Past time is marked by the suffix-dzi, present time is marked by the suffix-ma and future time is marked by the suffix-la. In locational clause, it is marked by interrogative pronoun hanaŋ. Reasonal clause is marked by the suffix-ba followed by ergative case marker-se. In conditional clause, condition is marked by the suffix-sam. Concessive is marked by the suffix-sai. In infinitival clause, infinitive is marked by the suffix-ba when it is added to the verb stem. Purposive clause is marked by the suffix-bari when it is added to the verb stem. Within converb clause, it exhibits simultaneous and sequential converb. Simultaneous converb clause is marked by the suffix-nan and sequential converb clause is marked by the suffix-si. Relative clause is marked by the suffix-ba. The suffix-ba also functions as nominalizer. The perfect participle is marked by the suffix -bala to the verb stem. In the third chapter, coordination is divided into conjunctive, disjunctive, adversative and exclusion. Conjunctive coordination is marked by anim, disjunctive coordination is marked by wa. Adversative coordination marker is tərə. Exclusion coorination marker is marked by bahek.Item Exploring basic mathematical under standing of Tamang community: an ethnography study(Department of Mathematics Education, 2021) Tamang, RamThe present study is on the, "Exploring basic Mathematical understanding of Tamang community : an ethnographic study ". The main objective of the study was to find the counting and measuring system of Tamang community. I used qualitative research with ethnographic study. Mainly, Interview, Photographs, observations were used as techniques to generate data from the participations. The study was conducted and analyzed based on the conceptual understanding on which information and data were garnered. The research design of the study included survey design. The researcher used two tools to collect data. They were interview and photographs. This study consists of five chapters. Chapter one includes background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, significance of the study, delimitation of the study,Research question, and definitions of the key terms. Next, chapter two deals with the review of relevant literature and the conceptual framework of the research. Chapter three deals with the research method and proceducers Design of the study,Sample of the study,Tools of data collection,Data collection procedure,Method of data analysis . Chapter four contains Data analysis and interpretation of the data. Chapter five deal with the findings, conclusion and Implicationd of the study.Item Passivisation in Tamang and English Languages(Department of English Educaion, 2022) Tamang, Nir KumarThe research study entitled “Passivisation in Tamang and English Languages” was carried out to find out passivisation in the Tamang language and to compare and contrast it with the Tamang and English languages. The researcher collected data from 45 literate Tamang native speakers of the Tamang community in Rural Municipality Aiselukharka of Khotang District. The data required were gathered by purposive sampling procedure, the questionnaire was used as primary source and related journal, articles, and books were used as secondary sources. This research shows that passivisation in Tamang are active and passivisation rules. The comparison shows that English and Tamang languages do not have verb inflected in furture tense. Morphologically, Tamang present and future verbs are same, but the concept of future verb can be mainly expressed with the help of time adverbials. This thesis includes five chapters. Chapter 1 deals with Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Rationale of the Study, Objectives of the Study, Research Questions, Delimitations of the Study, Operational Definition of the Key Terms. Chapter 2 includes the Sociolinguistic Situation of Nepal: The Language Family, the Tibeto-Burman Family, the Austro-Asiatic Family, the Indo-Aryan Family, the Dravidian Family, English Language, Tamang Language, Contrastive Analysis, Contrastive Analysis and its Importance, the Use of Contrastive Analysis, Declarative Sentence in the English Language, Simple Declarative Sentence in the English Language, Compound Declarative Sentence in the English Language, Declarative Sentences in the Tamang Language, Simple Declarative Sentence in the Tamang Language, Compound Declarative Sentence in the Tamang Language, Verbs, Tense Verb System, Voice, Active Voice, Passive Voice, Rules of the Active Voice to Passive voice in English Language, Review of Empirical Literature, Implications of Review for the Study and Conceptual Framework. Chapter 3 is related to design and method of the Study, population, sample and sampling strategy, sources of data, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures, data analysis and interpretation Procedures, Ethical Consideration. Similarly, Chapter 4 covers Passivisation in the Tamang Language, The Simple Present Voice Rules in the Tamang Language, The Simple Past Voice Rules in the Tamang Language, The Simple Future Voice Rules in the Tamang Language, Comparison between Tamang and English Voice Rules, The Comparison between English and Tamang in Present Voice Rules, The Comparison between English and Tamang Past Voice Rules, The Comparison between English and Tamang Future Voice Rules. Chapter 5 includes The Analysis and Interpretation of the data and it incorporates findings of the study, Recommendations and Implications at three-level: policy, practice and further research. The final section of the study is related to references and appendices.Item Pluralization in English and Tamang(Department of English Education, 2010) Tamang, JasmanThis research work entitled 'Pluralization in English and Tamang' aimed to identify the pluralization system in Tamang and to compare and contrast it with that of English. The data were collected from both the primary and secondary sources. The primary sources were the eighty Tamang native speakers of Chautara VDC of Sindhupalchok district and the secondary sources were the different books, journals and theses. The informants were selected using snowball sampling procedure. Interview schedule and questionnaire were the major tools for the collection of data. The finding shows that singular nouns in Tamang are pluralized by adding the suffixes like -dugu/-jugu, -gaade/-kaade, -na/-ni, -uttu and -bagal to them. Similarly, singular personal pronouns are pluralized using the suffixes like -na/-ni and -gaade/-kaade. This research work consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, review of the related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definitions of the specific terms. The second chapter includes sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. The third chapter, which is the core of this research, is concerned with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The collected data were analysed and interpreted descriptively with illustrations. The fourth chapter is related to findings and recommendations of the study.Item Pluralization of Nouns in Tamang and English: A Comparative Study(Faculty of Education Engish, 2017) Tamang, Tul ManThis thesis entitled Pluralization of Nouns in Tamang and English: A Comparative Study aimed at finding out the rules for pluralization of nouns in Tamang and English language and to discover the similarities and differences in the processes of Pluralization in Western Tamang language those with English language. The researcher used both the primary and the secondary sources of the data. The primary sources were the forty Western Tamang native speakers of Kaule, Semjong, Dhuwankot, Darkha and Satya Devi VDC's of Dhading and Nuwakot districts and the secondary sources were the different books, journals and tresses. The respondents were selected through purpossive non-random sampling procedure. Questionnaire was the major tool while collecting data. The findings showed that singular nouns in Tamang are pluralized by adding the suffixes like -mha, -dugu, -kaate/-gaade, -ngi mha and -bagaal to them. Likewise, singular personal pronouns are pluralized using the suffixes like -nga/-ni, -ngi, -mha, -kaate/- gaade. Similarly, plural suffixes are written separately in Tamang but these are written together in English e.g. Lopen-mha/ -kaate (teachers), chhoyi-mha/-kaate (books). This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the topic in which background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study, operational definitions of the key terms are included. The second chapter incorporates the review of the related theoretical literature, review of the related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and the conceptual framework. The third chapter comprehends design of the study, population sample and sampling procedures, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures and ethical considerations. Similarly, in the fourth chapter analysis and interpretations of result have been presented. The fifth chapter consists of the findings, conclusion and recommendations of the study followed by references and appendices.Item Present perfect and past perfect tense used in Tamang and English language(Department of English Education, 2015) Tamang, BinayaAvailable with full textItem Relative Clauses in Tamang: A Typological Comparison(Department of Linguistics, 2014) Rai, SimranThis study presents an analysis of relative clause structures in Tamang within the framework of (Givón, 2001). This study focuses on the analysis of the relative clauses found in Tamang and compares them with the relative clauses in Bhujel, Magar Kaike and Limbu. This study has been organized into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction. It includes the background of study, objectives of the study, statement of the problem, review of the literature, methodology and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with the relative clauses in Tamang. The third chapter deals with the typological comparison of the relative clauses found in Tamang and other TB languages: Bhujel, Magar Kaike and Limbu. The fourth chapter, we present the summary and conclusion of the study. The main finding of the study is that there are two types of relative clauses in the TB languages including Tamang. Regarding the position of relative clauses with respect to the head noun Tamang has prenominal and headless relative clauses. In prenominal relative clause, the relative clause precedes the head noun and in headless relative clause the head noun is deleted or there is no head noun within the construction of the relative clause which is itself understood by different case marking. Regarding the position of relative clause there are initial, medial, and final relative construction found in Tamang. Both copying and chopping construction are common in Tamang language. The way of expressing relativized noun phrase, that is, the gap strategy, pronoun retentation strategy and relative pronoun strategy are found in this language. Regarding the grammatical relations such as subject, direct object, indirect object, oblique, adjunct, and possessor can be relativized in Tamang. In Tamang, the nominalizer <-ba> functions as a relative marker in relative clauses.Item Sentence types in english and tamang(Department of English Education, 2022) Tamang, Chandra PrakashThis thesis entitled Sentence Types in Tamang and English is an attempt to find out the sentence types in Tamang language and to compare and contrast them with those in English. The researcher utilized both primary and secondary sources of data. The sample population for this study consisted 40 native speakers of Tamang including educated and uneducated. The informants for this studyhave been selected from two wards of Itahari sub-metropolitan city. They were from Itahari-2 Pashupati Chowk and Itahari–5 Pachrukhi Chowk. Specially, here researcher had selectedand given priority to the seniors informants for the study. The researcher used purposive/judgmental non-random sampling. Interview and questionnaire for educated population were the research tools for the data collection. On the basis of the collected data the analysis and interpretation was done descriptively and comparatively with the help of tables, diagrams and illustration. From the analysis it was found that Tamang language has four types of sentences on the basis of formal and functional properties and three types of sentences on the basis of constructional properties as in English. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter is introductory in nature. It introduces sentence types in Tamang and English languages in general. It also includes statement of the problem, rationale of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of related literature along with implications of reviews of the study,theoretical and conceptual framework.Similarly, the third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study, design of the study, population and sample, sampling vii procedures, data collection tools, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedures. After that, the fourth chapter deals with results and discussions/interpretation and the last chapter deals with summary, conclusions, implications followed by references and appendices.Item A Sociolinguistic Survey of Tamang as Spoken in Gorkha(Department of Linguistics, 2014) Yadav, KashindraAvailable with full textItem The Use of English Adverbs and Tamang Adverbs: A Comparative Study(Department of English Education, 2019) Tamang, PurneThe present study entitled The Use English Adverbs and Tamang Adverbs: A Comparative Study was carried out in order to find out the similarities and differences between English and Tamang adverbs. The researcher utilized both primary and secondary data to complete the study. The primary data were collected from fifty native speakers of Tamang who were selected by judgmental sampling procedure. The main objective of this research is to find out Tamang adverbs and compare and contrast with that of English. The interview and questions were adopted as a research tool to elicit primary data from the informants. Then data were analyzed,interpreted and presented descriptively as well as statistically by using table, charts and illustrations. The major findings of the study was that Tamang adverbs are more in number than those of English in terms of time, place, manner and quantity but less in number in term of frequency and degree. The study also found that there is more number of pure adverbs in Tamang language than English. This study mainly includes five chapters. The first chapter provides the introduction of the study. The introduction consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, rationale of the study, objectives of the study, research question, significant of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter consists of review of the theoretical research, review of related empirical literature, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework.The third chapter mainly concerns with the methodology used in this study: the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools of data collection and ethical consideration.Similarly the fourth chapter of this study consists of the analysis and interpretation of the data. The fifth chapter includes the product of analysis and interpretation of the data, i.e. findings of the study and some recommendations made on the basis of the findings. Finally the references and the appendices which are necessary for the validation of the research are also presented.Item Verb Morphology in Tamang(Department of Linguistics, 2015) Tamang, SizarTamang is one of the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in Nepal. Tamang is widely divided into two groups mainly the Eastern and Western varieties. This study is an attempt to analyse the verb morphology mainly focusing on the tense, aspect and mood and modality (T.A.M) of Tamang of the Eastern variety. This study is based on the Tamang language spoken in the Kharare Pangu, of Kavrepalanchowk district. The study is carried out within the functional-typological framework developed by Talmy Givón (2001) and further supplemented by B. Comrie (1976, 1985) Bybee, Perkins, and Pegliuca (1994), Bhat (1999) and Timberlake (2007). This study is organized into six chapters. Chapter One deals mainly with the backgrounds of the study, literature review, data collection techniques and limitations of the study. Chapter Two covers the Tamang verb. This chapter deals with the syllable structure and the morphophonemic change of the verb root with different tense and mood markers. In it verb formation process like compounding, complex structure, derivation and borrowing is discussed in general. Other verbs form like honorific and distinct use of the verbs in discourse were also been included along with copula verbs. Chapter Three includes the Tense and Aspect of Tamang. Past and non-past tense is covered under Tense. The different temporal aspectual of the language like habitual, progressive and perfect is discussed in Aspect section. Chapter Four covers with Mood and Modality. In the chapter the term ‘mood’ is used which is based on the theory that is chosen to deal modal system of the language. The Epistemic and Deontic mood has been discussed along with the related moods under this division. Realis and Irrealis, Judgements and Evidential and Interrogative are included under the Epistemic mood. Deontic mood covers the Imperative, Obligation, Necessity, Ability and Desire. Chapter Five includes the findings and the summary of the study. The brief summary is also presented after each chapter.