Browsing by Subject "Terrorism"
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Item Critique of the Response to Terrorism in Recent Bollywood Films(Central Department of English, 2017) Poudel Chhetri, KapilWith the attack on the Twin Towers and Pentagon, on what has come to be known as 9/11, the study of terrorism has received considerable valorization. In contemporary times, terrorism has come to be closely associated with the religion Islam. It is being accused for initiating terrorism and all Muslims are seen by the West as sympathizers or supporters of terrorists. This research helps in understanding the politics and dynamics behind this hostility through a study of recent Bollywood films on the subject matter of terrorism. The films New York, My Name Is Khan and Shoot On Sight are made from a non-Western point of view where the voices of Muslims like Sameer Shaikh, Rizwan Khan and Tariq Ali, who are the protagonists need to be heard. The scourge of terrorism has to be nipped in the bud by all concerned stake holders in a tactful manner with a high degree of responsibility. But the counter-terrorism drive by the West in general and America in particular, as this dissertation argues, is not being conducted with a sense of responsibility. The counter-terrorism measures themselves have become the cause of the outbreaks of terrorist incidents. Therefore, through the films under discussion, it makes the people in the West take notice that all Muslims are not terrorists, while also finding resonance among Muslims in the Islamic world.Item Critique of the Western Concept of Terrorism in Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown(Central Department of English, 2011-02) Neupane, Madan BahadurShalman Rushdie in Shalimar the Clown stands as a vehement critique of the western concept of terrorism by presenting his character Shalimar as a terrorist-cum-personal avenger. Shalimar is not a terrorist but he is tagged as a terrorist. He involves in the terrorist groups to take revenge against Max Ophuls to whom he wants to kill for Max seduced his beloved wife, Booonyi. Rather than a terrorist, Shalimar is an avenger. He involves himself in religious fighting groups and terrorist groups not for the sake of any religion, nation and tribe but for vendetta. He is dubbed to be a terrorist by the western hegemonic power. The west defines terrorism and categorizes some groups as terrorist to impose its hegemony over them. The so-called ‘war on terrorism’ is a part of the same design. To defeat what it calls the terrorists, the west provides weapons to some other groups. Critiquing the western concept of terrorism, Rushdie conveys his message that American counterterrorism is itself the breeder of terrorism and terrorism is not what the west has defined as such and it is not a Muslim phenomenon alone, but there are many Shalimars to whom the west has given the tag of terrorism.Item Definition of Communism as Terrorism in Philip Roth's American Pastoral(Central Department of English, 2010-09) G.C, PrakashThis research is based on Philip Roth’s American Pastoral to expose how the communist revolution is taken as an act of terrorism despite of its own political objectives. The communist cadres in the novel are represented as criminal, monstrous and terrorist. It shows that American ideology tries to govern the world hegemonically. And it exercises institutionalized power over the communist cadres. To accomplish it, America creates a discourse to define them as terrorists. So the writer, in the text, represents Merry as a failure cadre so as to prove that holding communist ideology makes an individual a terrorist. That is only a perspective to create a discourse about the communism in American society is the main argument of this research. So, this research finds that the definition of terrorism about communism is only a discourse. And it is only a perspective to define communism with the help of power.Item Ethnic Violence: Terrorism or War of Independence? Reading Ondaatje’s Anil’s Ghost(Department of English, 2007) Gyawali, PrameshThe present dissertation presents the ironic treatment of the Human Rights Mission. The UN, in the name of promoting social justice worldwide, has not been an entirely neutral and independent one in that effort; it certainly takes sides and promotes political, cultural and economic agendas in non-Western countries. Michael Ondaatje’s use of the central character of the novel Anil represents classic Westerner whose perspective is colored by the typical agenda of the West as a mission. By presenting competitive protagonist Sarath, Ondaatje shows how her (Anil’s) truth and justice with respect to the politics of another country cannot be determined all the time. The meaning of truth and justice is dependent on context and culture. In particular, the novel exposes the violence and terrorism of Sri Lanka set in Civil War period of 1980s and 90s. The novel successfully highlights that Western historical account is filled with false empathy and claim. The Western hero in this novel vanishes well before the ending of the novel, never making it onto the symbolic ‘plane-above-the-clouds’ that finishes off so many imperialist narratives of non-Western cultures.Item Interpreting Terrorism: A Study of Political Irony in Ondaatje’s Anil’s Ghost(Department of English, 2007) Panta, Bhola NathThe present dissertation studiesMichael Ondaatje’suse of political irony vis-à-vis the Western brand of justice and human rights in the face of terrorism.The novel,in its narrative structure, violates the Western narrative convention; it deconstructs the Western notion of justice. The study shows that the reversal of the mission of the protagonist, Anil Tissera, signifies that West itself has perpetrated violence, terrorism, and barbarism in the Non Western countries in name of justice and the war against terrorism.Item Representation of Muslims as the Other: A Comparative Study of Updike's Terrorist and Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist(Department of English, 2018) Joshi, PramanandraThis research is a study of representation of Muslims in post 9/11 fictions. Particularly, the study mainly focuses on the comparative study of John Updike's Terrorist and Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist. Both Updike and Hamid present Muslim characters as protagonists, but representation of Muslims is quite different. Updike as an American represents Muslim from the American discourse 'Muslim as the other'. Hamid represents the Muslims from the view of Migrant Muslim, who became the victim of American torture after the event of 9/11. Updike's Terrorist represents the Muslims as fundamentalist, terrorist and aggressive figures, who are not ready to accept to freedom, modernity and secularism. On the Contrary, Hamid reverses the stereotypical representation of Muslims and represents Muslims as much tolerate and modern as Westerners. This study analyzes both writer's representation of Muslim and concludes that in the conflict of religion and culture of Western and Muslim civilization innocent Muslim people have become victims after 9/11. Muslims are stereotypically represented in Updike's Terrorist while Hamid challenges this kind of representation and reestablishes Muslim identity.Item Subverting the Imperial: Indian Nationalist Ethos in Khushwant Singh'sI Shall Not Hear the Nightingale(Department of English, 2007) Goit, Sanjeeb KumarIndian nationalism as represented by Khushwant Singh inI Shall Not Hear the Nightingaletakes the double shape in its resistance against the British Imperial power. The first shape is the politics of non-violence attributed to the Gandhian influence and the second is the armed protest of the nationalists group spearheaded by Bhagat Singh and his colleagues. Khushwant Singh has depicted both the cross-currents of the Independent Movement very clearly but he gives precedence to the armed revolution, which he valorizes as true nationalist ethos. He believes in a militant form of nationalism, and hence depicts the youths as the harbingers of the escalating national political consciousness in the whole nation. Through the character sketch of Sher Singh and Madan, Khushwant Singh captures the popular imagination of the time: to wrest freedom from the rulers by force rather than having to beg for it.Item Teachers’ View Promotion of Peace through English Language Teaching(Department of English Education, 2012) Dhakal, RameshThe thesis entitled ‘Promotion of Peace through English Language Teaching in the Context of Nepal’ is an attempt of the researcher to find out the possibility of promoting peace in various EFL contexts in Nepal aspeace has become the concern of each and every Nepalese. It also aims to find out the role of English language in promoting peace in Nepal being the international language as well as the most powerful language in the present world. This thesis presents a descriptive,statistical analysis and interpretation of the teachers’ attitude towards connecting language teaching with peace and also the sufficiency of the materials in the present secondary level English textbooks which can be used for promoting peace.The researcher collected data from forty secondary English teachers working in Dhading district. Questionnaire was used as the research tool to collect the data.Altogether twenty nine items were included in the questionnaire. They had focused on the possibility of providing peace education through ELT, its effectiveness,teachers’ role in EFL classes for this purpose and the materials in the present EFL textbooks. Among the teachers, the vast majority of them viewed that peace in Nepal can also be promoted through ELT and the teachers can associate their teaching with promoting peace.The researcher also went through the present secondary level English textbooks to find out the sufficiency of the materials for the aim of promoting peace. Only a few contents from the both TBs are found to be useful for this aim.The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one includes general background,review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. Chapter two includes methodology applied to carry out the research. Chapter three is the analysis and interpretation of the data and their statistical presentation. The researcher presents the findings, recommendations and pedagogical implication of the study in the fourth chapter. The study is concluded with the references and appendices.Item Terrorism as an Ideological Construct: A Study of the Film New York(Central Department of English, 2013) Pandey, SundarNew York has grounded the aftermath 9/11 scenario, which is well projected in this film. It shows Muslim difficult existence in America including every part of the world, so they fight against stereotypical representation and want to disprove it ideological constructed terrorism. People generalize this concept of terrorism on the basis of post war scenario. Western countries mainly America creates an image of terrorism and project what terrorism is. This film has depicted this specific situation that portrays that how was the conditions after this great terroristic attack in America. It redefines the terrorism and it questions the existence of Muslim all over the world. So they fight against this generalization and prove them, anti- terrorists.Item Transformation of Authorial Subjectivity in Don DeLillo’s Mao II(Department of English, 2011) Adhikari, LaxmiDon DeLillo’s Mao II highly exposes the condition of the writer in the contemporary world. He presents a writer who becomes a mere “passive object” in the hands of the terrorists. He feels displaced as an intellectual because he cannot incorporate all the ideas in his new novel. After the completion of the novel he spends his days in redoing the pages. He feels that the novel falls woefully short. Instead of publishing his book he feels him incapable to publish his book. He even feels that it is not his writing any more and the language of his book slips off from his hand. Not only this, he experiences that his writing looses the capacity of his self in a world dominated by terrorism. Therefore, he decides to leave his hiding place and agrees to be photographed. He also becomes ready to substitute himself in the place hostage in Beirut held by the terrorist group. Moreover, by presenting the writer acting according to the will of terrorism, directly or indirectly, the novelist shows the transformation of authorial subjectivity from universal intellectual to specific intellectual.