Browsing by Subject "society"
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Item Apocalyptic Vision in Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People(Department of English, 2009) Ojha, Min RajNot availableItem Disability as a Socio-cultural Construct(Department of English, 2009) Sharma, PratimaThis thesis talks about the existence of physical or mental disability in literary discourse constructed by so called “able” that contribute in devaluating, stigmatizing those who do not meet the criteria defined by the able. My argument isthat, disability is not an inborn human weakness or a misfortune but a politico-cultural construct of the disability experience as such. Lucy Grealy in “Pony Party”,Nancy Mairs in “Carnal Act”, Barbara Rosenblum in “Living with an Unstable Body”,andVed Mehta in “Bells” frankly recount their experiences of what it means for them to be disabled.These texts seek to argue thatindividuals with disabilities may experience an existential crisis that may be triggered by the stigma related to having a disability, as well as by conditions created by disability itself.Item Impact of Armed Conflict on Education: Experiences of Selected illagers in Kavre District, Nepal(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2009) Dong, Tek BahadurNot AvailableItem M. Butterfly and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Exploration of Homosexual Self(Department of English, 2009) Sapkota, Rabindra PrasadTennessee Williams'Cat on a Hot Tin Rootand David Hanry Hwang'sM. Butterflydepict the struggle of the characters like Brick Pollitt and Song Liling to stand in the society with theirparticular identity, which is almost in crisis. They are treated as social pariah within their own societies. These characters have to face the accusation of being outcast. In the play,Cat on a Hot Tin RootBrick has been presented emotionally and psychologically disturbed. On the other hand Song, being Chinese can not fulfill his homosexual desire openly and has to hide himself in the disguise of woman who does performances in opera. Slowly Song practises him homosexuality with Gallimard, a male character. Brick's internalized homophobia does not let him speak openly about his relationship with Skipper, where other view his homosexuality as 'Suspect'. Brick is in a position when he can neither accept nor deny his intimate relationship with Skipper. Song'shomosexuality is restricted by Chinese communism since it does not allow any such dirty activities and he is the agent of same political group. The contemporary American society was not willing to accept the possibility of different sexuality and gender identity of a person. Since, in Oriental society like China, the homosexuality was beyond imagination.Item Poetics and Politics in Naming Ceremony ( Nwaran) in Hindu Culture(Central Department of English, 2010) Koirala, Bashu DevThe thesis entitled "Poetics and Politics in Naming Ceremony (Nwaran) in Hindu Culture ", deals with the ideology of power that is discursively hidden under the name of pious ritual "Naming Ceremony" which is done in Hindu society differently adding the middle names with the virtue of different castes according to the written importance, value and respect in Hindu creed. No history is true one that is why what is written in Vedas, Puranas etc. about the glory of naming ceremony is totally partial. It is merely the subjective and fictional one.Item Quest for Female Identity in Margaret Atwood`sCat`s Eye(Department of English, 2011) Chaudhary, PushpaThis research explores a female`s search for identity in Margaret Atwood`s Cat`s Eye. The protagonist of the novel Elaine Risely has a strong desire to be a painter but her father and her husband Jon alwaysrestricther creativity and standas a barrier in her creativity. They are the representative of the patriarchy and patriarchal society creates the utmost obstaclefor the female. Elaine is fedupand tied with society which does not lether makeself decision and createown identity. But Elaine resistsagainst the patriarchal rules for feminine freedom and to create her own identity asa successful painter. Elaine is victimized physically and mentally by male characters and through her consistent effort female identity and individuality is regained. She fightsfor the gender inequality and cross the limitations created by male in the society. At first she leaves her parents and lives alone,laterafter marriage she also leaves her husband who always oppressedher and lives with her daughter. Elaine represents the ideology of female and tries to redraw the boundary of patriarchy whichexisted in patriarchal society.Item Returns to Education in Nepal(Faculty of Education, 2007) Gurung, DipendraA considerable amount of public funds have been invested in education, in the belief that the full human potential may be achieved by raising the standards of educational attainment. The main concern in this study is whether these resources invested in education have been efficiently allocated. The general approach in the economic of education is to treat educational expenditure as investment in human capital and calculate the yield to educational investment in the same manner as for physical capital. This approach is used in this study to examine the efficiency of resource allocation in education. The theoretical framework is provided by the human capital theory, the basic premise being that variations in income are due partly to difference in labor productivity as a consequence of differing amounts of human capital acquired by workers via education or other means. The profitability measure used in this study is the internal rate of return. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of education to individual earnings in the wage sector and household incomes from farm and non-farm activities in the non-wage sector. The two main sources of data in estimating the return to education in Nepal were Nepal Living Standard Surveys (NLSS I, 1995/96) and (NLSS II, 2003/04). Mincerian standard human capital earning functions and short –cut methods were applied to Nepal Living Standard Surveys (NLSS I, 1995/96) and (NLSS II, 2003/04) data collected by CBS and World Bank in an attempt to provide evidence on rates of returns to years of schooling and education level in Nepal. Earnings from individual wage sector, household farm holdings, and non-farm enterprises were analyzed to investigate the contribution of educational investment in Nepal. This study estimated private rates of return to years of schooling using Mincerian basic earning function method in the earning data obtained from wage sector, household farm holdings, and non-farm enterprises. Moreover, this study estimated private and social rates of return using mincerian extended earning method function in the earning data obtained from wage sector. Mincerian earning function method was extended to earnings from farm and non-farm enterprises. Short-cut method was used to estimate social rates of return to education level from wage earnings. The data were analyzed using STATA Version 8.2 computer software. Hypotheses testing were done in 95%, 99% and 99.99% confidence interval. Multicolinearity, heteroscedasticity, and normality test were carried out to diagnose the problem of estimation process. The estimated results revealed that each extra year of schooling is profitable at the national level. The return to females is higher than males. Urban areas, Hill, Terai belt, and private schools got favorable returns. Non agriculture wage earners revealed high returns as compared to agriculture wage earners. Upper income quintile and urban areas got more favorable return. Primary education has a very high social rate of return. Tertiary education has a very high private rate of return relative to its social rate of return, while secondary education has relatively low private and social returns – a finding suggests increased private spending at university level and shift of public funds to other levels. Average household education and highest schooling in the household have a significant and a positive contribution to net earnings from agriculture and non agriculture enterprises. The study identified the specific policy implications for educational policy development for Nepal were: (a) top priority should be given to primary education as a form of human resource investment; (b) secondary and higher education should be pursued alongside with primary education in a program of balanced human resource development; (c) there exists room for private finance at the university level; (d) shifting of funds towards primary and secondary levels to raise quality and rates of return is urgent; (e) public funds should target female population, bottom quintiles and rural regions; (f) government should provide better infrastructure and modern farming inputs to improve farmer-efficiency from additional education; (g) government provide tax-break and other incentives to open up small financial/personal services enterprises from private sector; (h) educational investments are fairly attractive to other investment at both private and social level. By this, it is a clear indication that access to education could help poor population groups to raise their earnings. (i) education planners in Nepal should treat education as an important investment activity, not as consumption expenditure; (j) economic criteria should serve as baseline in making investment decisions in education, and (k) from a strictly efficiency point of view, investment in education of backward religion group and women needs to be expanded.Item Role of Women's Empowerment in Poverty Reduction (A Case Study of Rajahar Vdc of Nawalparasi District)(Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, 2016) Pun, Tek BahadurThe study on the "Role of women's Empowerment in poverty Reduction", a general study about the women's empowerment and its role in poverty reduction, was conducted in Rajahar VDC of Nawalparasi district. It present the general status of women in the study area. The government and private sectors in Nepal have been engaged in relentless promotion of Nepalese women's empowerment through education, training and various other programs and research since long, but still most of the women's social status seems awfully poor. Their representation in social, economic and political life has been minimal. As a result, they are living in wretched condition. It is national scenario of the country which seems in the study area too. Educational attainment one of the most crucial factors of development, was not found satisfactory in the study area. Among total respondents, only the 25 percent respondents' educational status was found above SLC. Similarly, women's access on health services was also found poor. 64.28 percent respondents' replied that they have access on Health services. On the other hand, most of the women of the study area were found heavily engaged in agricultural and other household chores mostly of unproductive works. The data reveals that women contribute more than men in household activities but these are not counted in monetary value. Women work 11 hours in an average in day in Nepal and the same scenario seems in the study area. The excessive workload has badly affected their daily life. In fact, It has created various types of obstacles in the empowerment process of women. Women's access and control over resources was also found poor. The data shows that 60.71 percent respondents replied that women have not personal assets such as land, bank balance, and cottage industry. Awareness about women's rights to reproduction was also not found satisfactory in the study area. Among total respondents, still 42.85 percent were found not properly aware about women's right to reproduction which is quaranteed by the constitution of Nepal, 2073. On the other hand, one interesting fact was found that 46.42 percent respondents express their view over the provision of women's right in parental property that is does not solve the problems faced by women in a sustainable way. The emphasized to provide better education and Opportunities rather than parental property. Likewise, most of the people were found positive about the increased involvement of women in politics which is a good sign of increased awareness. But the response about women's role in decision making was found awfully poor because among total respondents 50 percent total decisions were made by male alone while the percent of female in the same work found only 21 percent. It shows a real picture of male dominated society.Item A Study of Poverty Amongthekumal Communityofthegaindakot Vdcinnawalparasi District, Nepal(central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2014) Kumal, Tara Devinot availableItem Subversive Political Irony in Doris Lessing’sThe Fifth Child(Department of English, 2009) Gin, BamdevThe Fifth Child by Doris Lessing depicts the social problems created on the basis of the demarcation between right and wrong, good and bad, able and disabled, normal and abnormal, correct and incorrect and so on. At the same time Lessing discloses the fact that the mother, Harriet protests against male domination as well as the decent society by bearing her fifth child, Ben who is somewhat deformed and disabled. Lessing indeed subverts such dangerous hierarchy in which the are ignored and oppressed by drawing the characters, Harriet and her deformed son, Ben. In addition to this, the expectation carried out by Harriet and David gets destroyed in such a way that it eventually takes a new shape as a newly emerged plight that is intolerable and burdensome to all of them which in literary sense is the irony. Meantime love and compassion that Harriet has for this deformed child, Ben subverts the entire morally constituted framework of society which can be termed as the politics of irony. In short lessing gives voice to the voiceless female characters like Harriet and her disabled son, Ben by means of subversive political irony and at the same time subverts the conservative patriarchal values and normalcy.