Browsing by Subject "wildlife"
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Item An Assessment of Crops Damage by Wild Animals in The Southern Parts of Shivapuri National Park(Department of Zoology, 2009) Bajracharya, SrijanaCrops damage by wildlife in surrounding villages was the main problem in conservation and management of the protected areas. Research conducted in two adjoining village development committees (VDCs) such as Kabresthali and Sangla of the Shivapuri National Park (ShNP) during December 2007- August 2008 to investigate causes and consequences generated by establishment of park particularly focusing on wildlife occurrences, reasons of land abandonment, quantity of crops loss due to wildlife, local people’s attitude towards wildlife conservation and the minimizing techniques of crops depredation. Both direct and indirect methods were used including identification of feces, pugmarks, scratches to explore the wild mammals’ occurrences and field surveys and set questionnaire were asked for collection of socio-economic data. Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and jungle cat (Felis chaus) were occurred at altitudinal ranges between 1612-1924m in the Schima, Myrica and Pinus species of trees dominated habitat in high human interference areas (Shannon’s index value=1.023). Various reasons caused a total 106 ropanis of private agricultural land abandonment laid in marginal area and prominent reason of 11% of land abandonment among the total land were due to extensive crop depredation by single animal, wild boar. In study area, wild boar, monkeys, porcupines and barking deer were main trouble giving wild animals to local people and raided crops during mature growing stage and caused a total 16234 kg of crops loss per annum. Maize was found most affected crops with a total 8928.5 kg loss and followed by paddy (2955 kg), wheat (2859.5 kg) and millet (1491 kg). The loss was concentrated near the boundary wall in all case except wheat loss (r=0.36) in Sangla which were also in farther distance. However, wildlife were principal caused of crops loss, other causes such as natural and man induced reasons were also responsible for certain percentage of loss. Similarly, quantity of crops loss in two study areas were insignificantly difference except wheat loss (Z=1.96). Human impacted on wildlife and their habitats were high which was reflected through the almost 32% respondents dependent on forest for their extra income generation and 84% of local people collected firewood, foliage and fodder for domestic used, although around 35% of them had negative attitude towards wildlife conservation. Nearly 45% of the local people were resorted various conventional means to stop crop depredation by wild boar. Such techniques were less detrimental to wildlife but partially effective and time consuming.Item Study OnVegetation and Soil Analysis in Nyadi Hydro-Electric Project, Lamjung, Nepal During Pre-Construction Stage(Department of English, 2007) Saud, Dammar SinghThis research deals with the study of vegetation status and edaphic properties of theNyadiHydro-electric project. Forest is the most important natural resource and habitat forthe wildlife. Loss of forest causes various important environmental problems such as lossof wildlife, soil erosion, loss of bio-diversity and change in micro-climate .The study wascarried out in Bahundanda VDC of Lamjung District in the Western Development Regionof Nepal during the month of July, 2007.The study area is concerned with the NyadiRiver which is one of the tributary of the Marsyandi River. The total capacity of theproject is 20 MW with generating 127 GWH of energy annually.Quantitative analysis was conducted followed by Zobel et al. (1987) and soil by methodgiven by Goel and Trivedi (1984). Besides these, questionnaire survey with local peoplewho will face the direct impact from the project was conducted. The present studyrevealed that the project area was mostly covered withSchima wallichii, Bombax ceiba,andEngelhardtia spicatabecause the density, frequency, IVI, Basal area and Volumewere found highest for these plant species. For the Shrubs Innula cappa, Hypericumchisia, Mimosa rubicaulis, Colebrookia oppositifolia and Woodfordia fruticosa werefound to be dominant andArtemisia vulgaris, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindricaandEupatorium adenophorumwere found as dominant herbs species in the project area. Ithas also been found from the questionnaire survey that most of the people used forestresources for their livelihood mainly for firewood, medicine, fodder and timber.Soil analysis showed that whole of the study area posses loamy sand and slightly acidicsoil. The distinct variations in the soil parameters were not observed. Since the NyadiHydro-electric project is medium sized project it may give some negative impacts onvegetation. Change in the landuse pattern is the significant impact and it might cause longterm impact in future like soil erosion, landslide. To minimize the adverse impacts theproject should implement the proper mitigation measures as described in the EIA reportof theproject.