Zoology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/135

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Habitat use and conservation Threats of Otters in the western bend of Karnali River, Nepal
(2025) Acharya, Madan; Laxman Khanal
Otters are carnivorous mammals in the family Mustelidae. They face many conservation challenges, including habitat loss, pollution, lack of resources, illegal hunting and trade. Three species of otters- the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), and the Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) are recorded from Nepal. Due to limited studies, baseline information on otters is lacking for most of the wetland sites in Nepal. This study investigated the habitat use and conservation threats of otters in the Western Bend of the Karnali River in western Nepal. Otter distribution was surveyed using direct observations and recording indirect signs, such as scat, pugmarks and food remains, environmental and anthropogenic variables potentially affecting their occurrence were also recorded in the field. Logistic regression model identified key habitat factors influencing otter occurrence, including river width (CI -4.36–0.62, P < 0.05), water current (CI = -2.35 to -0.8, p < 0.05), and substrate type width (CI 0.49–2.12, P < 0.05). Results indicate that otters prefer narrower river sections with small stone bank substrates and moderate water flow, while avoiding areas with high human density (CI -10.15– -3.12, P < 0.05) and domestic dog presence (CI 0.95–4.94, P < 0.05). Conservation threats such as habitat degradation, illegal fishing, and human encroachment were documented from the study area. The study highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts, including habitat protection and community-based program to mitigate human activities as well as dog-otter conflict, to ensure the long-term survival of otters in this ecologically significant region. Findings provide baseline data for future monitoring and management initiatives.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Bantar community in Koshi Rural Municipality -3 Sunsari Nepal
(2025) Mahato, Mukesh Kumar; Kishor Pandey
Intestinal parasitic infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among individuals with low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene and sanitation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the Bantar community of Koshi Rural Municipality-3, Sunsari District, in relation to their socioeconomic status. A total of 150 stool samples were randomlycollected in September 2022 from individuals of various age groups and genders and preserved in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was determined through stool examinations using direct smear and concentration techniques (Sedimentation and flotation) at the Central Department of Zoology, Kirtipur, and Kathmandu. Additionally, a structured questionnaire was used to identify potential risk factors.Out of 150 participants, 95 (63.3%) were found to be infected with one or more intestinal parasites. The prevalence was higher in females (51, 34%) than in males (44, 29.3%), though the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The highest infection rate was observed in the 10–20 age group (23%), while the lowest (4.6%) was recorded in individuals aged 51–60 years, with no statistically significant variation (P > 0.05). Six species of intestinal parasites were identified, with Ascaris lumbricoides (18.8%) being the most prevalent, followed by Giardia lamblia (14.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (10%), Strongyloidesstercoralis (8.8%), Hymenolepis nana (8%), and Trichuris trichiura (3%). Single infections (46.6%) were more common than double infections (16.6%). A lack of awareness about intestinal parasitic infections was evident among most participants. The high prevalence of these infections in the Bantar community appears to be directly linked to unsafe drinking water, inadequate health education, poor sanitation, and low socioeconomic conditions, all of which contribute to the continued burden of infection within the community.
Distribution, Habitat use and Threats of Elongated Tortoise ( Indotestudo elongata) in Bahungadi forest, Jhapa, Nepal
(2025) Rai, Binu; Laxman Khanal
Turtles of Nepal are grouped into three families: Geomydidae, Testudinidae, and Trionychidae. Among them, the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata) under the Testudinidae family is a medium sized terrestrial tortoise native to South and Southeast Asia, including Nepal. It is listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is included in CITES Appendix II. The specific distribution patterns and ranges of the elongated tortoise in Nepal are poorly known. Bahundagi Forest at eastern part of Jhapa District, bordering India to the east, is one of the optimal habitats for elongated tortoise, however, detailed ecological records that are vital for adequate conservation and management strategies are still lacking. This study aimed to understand the factors influencing the distribution and habitat uses of elongated tortoise in Bahundagi Forest and their conservation threats and understand the people’s knowledge on the elongated tortoise of Bahundagi Forest. The Bahundagi Forest was split into 500 m × 500 m grids, and 50 % forest coverage was statistically chosen using QGIS 3.38.0. A total of 60 grids were surveyed to collect data on the presence and absence of the species, using both direct and indirect evidence. Ecological variables, along with direct and indirect evidence, were recorded every 100 m within each grid. Spearman’s rank correlation was applied to detect multicollinearity among continuous variables, with those showing high correlation (ρ > |0.7|) were excluded. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed from the MuMIn package in R Studio (version 4.2.3) to identify the most significant factors influencing tortoise presence. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between tortoise occurrence and three key factors: canopy cover (CI = 4.73398–0.13866, p < 0.03), food availability (CI = 3.89–4.03, p < 0.04), and proximity to rivers (CI = 1.656559–0.00082, p < 0.001). From the questionnaire survey, hunting for meat and medicine, habitat destruction, and wildfire were the major threats in decline of elongated tortoises in Bahundagi Forest. To safeguard this species, conservation initiatives such as reforestation programs, forest fire prevention strategies, and wildlife protection measures should be implemented.
Effects of Urban forest patch characteristics on Bird community Assemblage in Kathmandu Valley
(2025) Osthi, Sabina; Laxman Khanal
Urbanization poses a significant threat to biodiversity, leading to habitat fragmentation and ecological imbalance. In fast growing cities like Kathmandu, the effect of rapid urbanization had serious impact on biodiversity. In this study the effect of urban forest patch characteristics on bird community structure of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal was investigated. A total of 92 of point counts in 15 patches were surveyed for birds using the point count method. Bird species richness and abundance as the response variable were analyzed using 23 explanatory variables (distance to source forest, area, perimeter, round, Shape Index, interior to edge (IE) ratio, urban strata, monkey presence (high, low, medium), place (15 forest patch), habitat (edge or not), season (summer and winter), cloud cover, wind, humid, precipitation, canopy cover, percentage of pine, and vegetation ground attributes (percentage of tree, bush, soil, grass, and litter; tree height). Generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship among forest patch characteristics and bird species richness and abundance. Winter season showed negative relations to both bird species richness and abundance. Vegetation covers such as tree percentage, bare soil, litter have significant relation to both species’ richness and abundance. Forest patch area showed a positive relation to species richness, with larger patches supporting higher species numbers. However, the patch shape index showed a negative impact on species richness suggested by a lower species richness in irregular shaped patch containing higher shape index. Patches closer to the source forest support higher individuals of birds while the patches far from source have low species abundance as they are more isolated. This study found that within the urban green patches in Kathmandu Valley, the forest patches that are closest to the city center and that are most disturbed have the lowest Shannon diversity index. The results suggested that urban forest patches that were far from the disturbed city center and with diverse habitatssupported higher species richness of birds. Within the context of conservation, promoting these urban green patches in a fast-growing city should be a priority for urban planners and conservationists.
Copro-microscopic study of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of rodents (Family: Muridae) of Gokarneshwor municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal
(2025) Kalwar, Rabina Gupta; Janak Raj Subedi
Many parasites that are of medical importance have their definitive host as small mammals and are also zoonotic. Some of these rodent species are peri domestic meaning they are in close contact with humans and the intermediate host that help in the transmission of the disease. A cross sectional study was conducted between July to November 2022 to determine the gastrointestinal helminth parasites and their risks in rodents in Sundarijal, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 110 fecal samples were collected from rodents (73 rats, 46 Rattus norvegicus and 27 Rattus rattus and 37 house mice, Mus musculus), and examined using direct wet mount, floatation as well as formal-ether sedimentation techniques. The results showed that the overall prevalence of endoparasites was 29.09% with the following genera: Hymenolepis nana (17.27%), Hymenolepis diminuta (6.36%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.54%) and Trichiuris spp. (0.9%). The result of the interview revealed that, walking bare foot and playing in open grassland has been identified as the major risk factors for the zoonotic diseases among the people living there. Thus, more studies should be conducted in the rural areas of Gokarneshwor Municipality with changing climate conditions to further explore the parasite diseases in wildlife and their impacts on human health and environment.
A Study on intestinal helminth parasites of goats ( (Capra hircus) brought to Khasibazar, Bagbazar (Kathmandu) for slaughter purpose
(2011) Pathak, Chanda; Janak Raj Subedi
A total of 202 stool samples of Capra hircus (goat) from Khasi bazaar (Bag bazaar) Kathmandu were microscopically examined to identify the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasite. Both sedimentation and flotation technique were used for the detection of helminth parasites. Out of total 202 samples, 161(79.70%) samples were found positive for more than one helminthes. The overall prevalence of different genera of helminth results statistically significant in goats (χ2 =101.49, P<0.05, d.f. =17). There is significant difference in prevalence of trematode, cestode and nematode infection among goats. The infection with trematodes was 5.94%, with cestodes 4.45%, with nematode 69.30%. The trematode genera identified with their prevalence percentage was found to be Fasciola 3.46% and Paramphistomum 2.47% The difference in the prevalence of different genus of trematodes result statistically significant (χ2=0.332, P>0.05, d.f. =1). Among cestodes, the prevalence percentage of identified genera was found to be Moniezia 1.48%, Taenia 2.97%. The difference in the prevalence of different genus of cestode result statistically significant (χ2 = 1, P>0.05, d.f. =1) Nematodes include Strongyloides 3.46%, Haemonchus 13.36%, Chabertia 4.95%, Oesophagostomum 11.88%, Trichuris 7.42%, Ostertagia 5.94%, Trichostrongylus 2.97%, Nematodirus 2.97%, Cooperia 2.47%, Dictyocaulus 1.48%, Dioctophyma 1.48%, Capillaria 5.94%, Bunostomum 0.99%, Oxyuris 0.99%. The difference in the prevalence of different genus of nematodes result statistically significant (χ2 =84.37, P<0.05, d.f. =13). Single infection was observed among 38 samples and highest due to Haemonchus. Mixed infections were observed among 123 samples positive samples. Among Trematodes the heavy infection was found due to Fasciola, among cestode, due to Moniezia and among Nematodes, due to Oesophagostomum.
A Study to determine the prevalence of helminths parasites in mules from Nepalgunj of district Banke
(2010) Rani, Radha; Janak Raj Subedi
Internal and external parasitic diseases are common health problem in both domestic and wild animals. Parasitic infection decreases the performances; production and productivity in animals mainly in the reduction of body weight or even increases the mortality in acute cases. The current study was carried out in order to observe the seasonal prevalence of intestinal helmiths parasite in mules. The two different technique used during the detection of helmiths parasites were sedimentation and floatation technique. The samples were collected December\ January, May\ June, and August\September. The total number of samples had collected and examine for the study were 100,100 and 50 respectively for these study period. The overall prevalence of helminths parasites during December\Janurary were (53%), May\June (81%) and August\September (78%). A huge difference in the prevalence of helminth parasites in winter and summer, rainy season, but a very few difference between summer and rainy season were observed.During December\January (16.18%) of infections were caused by Cestodes, (50.86%) by terematodes and (69.81%) by nematodes. Like wise (19.73%), (56.79%) and (83.95%) of infection were caused by Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes respectively during May\June. Similarly in rainy season (28.51%), (53.84%) and (79.48%) cestodes, trematodes and nematodes infection in August\ September.Taenia, Moniezia and Dipylidium of Cestodes and Schistosoma and Dicrocoelium of trematodes genera were reported for the first time in mules from Nepal. Similarly, nematodes genera Ancylostoma,Capillaria,Cooperia,Chabertia, Strongyloides, Trichuris and Toxocara also reported for the first time in mules from Nepal.The prevalence percentage of identified geneara of cestodes were Anoplocephala (3.46%), Dipylidium (2.31%), Moniezia (2.31%) and Taenia (8.67%). Among trematodes, the genera identified with their prevalence percentage were found to be Dicrocoelium (9.24%), Fasciola (9.82%), Gastrodiscus (2.89%) and Schistosoma (32.36%). Similarly, the genera included in nematodes are Ancylostoma (1.15%), Capillaria (9.82%), Chabertia (4.04%), Cooperia (4.62%), Dictyocaulus (11.56%), Oxyuris (13.87%), Parascaris (10.40%), Strongylus (15.02%), Strongyloides (8.67%), Trichostrongylus (13.29%), Trichuris (9.24%), Triodontophorus (1.15%), Toxocara(5.78%).During winter, summer and rainy season 47.16%, 83.95% and 69.23% samples were found multiple infections respectively. The difference in the prevalance of helminths parasites during winter, summer and rainy season were found statistically significant ( =46.43, p<0.05, d.f. = 1). Key word: Helminth, Trematodes, Cestodes, Nematodes, Parasite, prevalence, sedimentation, Floatation.
Study on Embryogenesis of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in Nepal
(2011) Lama, Hari; Archana Prasad
The study consisted of various stages of embryonic development of Raninbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Approximately, 2000 eggs were incubated in standard hatchery troughs supplied with spring water at Fisheries Research Divison, Godawari , Lalitpur. Accepted fish cultural methods were followed to insure normal developmental patterns. Samples of these eggs were taken for study of 24 hours interval up to 5th day after fertilization ; then once every 48 hours until they were 23 days old ; then at 72 hours intervals upto 39th day. The embryos were fixed in 5 percent neutral formalin containing 0.95 percent sodium chloride, stained in Harris' hematoxylin and photographed. Egg size affects both fecundity and offspring fitness and larger eggs result in larger fry. The size of trout was found larger, greenish in colour. The development of eggs of trout was found regulated by temperature, slightly alkaline pH and high dissolved oxygen. In present study, water temperature ranged from 10.4 – 11.70 C, dissolved oxygen 7.21 – 7.37 mg/l and pH from 7.27 -8.0 respectively; these water quality parameters was recorded suitable for larval development of fishes. Rainbow trout embryonic and larval development required 1012 0 C but trout culture required an optimum temperature of 15-18°C. The hatching period, in present study, varied from 39-41 days at the water temperature of 10.4 – 11.70C. The alevins weighed about 40-50 mg and measured 1.3-1.8 cm in length. 5060% of body weight was yolk sac. Large size of alevins of rainbow trout might be due to large egg sized. The yolk sac of the pro-larvae were recorded to absorb within 7-18 days and started to swim slowly on water surface. Slow growth of embryonic and post hatched stage could be attributed to very low water temperature required for the development and rearing of trout. The feeding started after 15-20% of larvae appeared swimming on water surface. The average weight of first swimming fry was 0.07- 0.1 gm and they were fed Starter Feed containing 45-50% protein at the rate of 5-10% of body weight at the interval of every 3/4hours
Adoptive feature of Bottom- Dwelling Fishes in the Tinav River
(2024) Kafle, Sima; Santoshi Shrestha
The present study deals with the adaptive features of bottom-dwelling fishes Genus Garra of Tinau River using cast net and local fishing implement hammering. A total of 201 individuals of two species Garra annandalei (n=83) and Garra gotyla (n= 113) during September / October, 2023.The study focused on abundance, morphometric analysis, length-weight relationship, conditional factors, relationship of physicochemical parameters with fish and comparison collected sample with Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan, University (CDZ TU) museum deposited samples of Garra.. Garra annandalei has a length-weight relationship with b value 0.21, whereas Garra gotyla has b value: 0.38. The b value was fewer than 3, indicating that the species display negative allometric growth. The conditional factor was k = 0.50 for Garra annandalei and k = 0.60 for Garra gotyla, indicating that the species is in good condition. The most of the physicochemical characteristics were measured within acceptable ranges and relationship between fish abundance and physicochemical parameters also within good for fish’s survival. The paired sample t test revealed that there is significant different between means of two samples also x-ray examined difference between older and newly collected sample.
Invasive alien plant species and their effects on the habitat utilization of wild ungulates in parsa national park, Nepal
(2024) Rawal, Basudha; Hari Prasad Sharma
Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) often have a negative effect on native biodiversity including wildlife, but such effects are specific to habitat and species. This study recorded the occurrence of IAPS in Parsa National Park (PNP) of Nepal and assessed their impacts on the habitat utilization of wild ungulates. Data was collected from December 2022 to October 2023. A total of 106 plots of 50*50 m 2 at the interval of 1 km were established in PNP. The occurrence of invasive species was recorded through visual observation and wild ungulates were recorded using camera traps and sign survey. A total of eight IAPS were recorded in the survey plots. Among them, siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) had the highest coverage i.e. 44%, followed by billy goat (Ageratum conyzoides) 21% and the lowest coverage of goat weed (Ageratum houstonianum) (1.06%) and sicklepod senna (Senna tora) 1.06%. The IAPS coverage was influenced by tree canopy cover, and proximal to road and settlement. A total of 20 IAPS (8 from survey plots and 12 from opportunistic survey) were sighted along the route from PNP. Among the six wild ungulates, the highest detection was of wild boar in 60 plots, followed by chital, barking deer, sambar, and nilgai, and the lowest detection was of gaur in 23 plots. The occurrence of barking deer, and sambar was influenced by IAPS coverage. This study suggests the management of IAPS in PNP for the survival of wild ungulates.
Length- Weight Relationship, condition factor, Gastro- Somatic - Index and Stomach content analysis of Schizothorax richordsonii ( Gray 1832) in Setikhola, Parbat, Nepal
(2024) Bhattarai, Deepak; Santoshi Shrestha
Schizothorax richardsonii is one of the important major species of an aquatic ecosystem of Setikhola. The main aim of the study is to investigate the length- weight relation, condition factor, gastro-somatic index and Stomach contents analysis of Schizothorax richardsonii. A total of 101 fish individuals were collected seasonally from august 2023 to January 2024 using cast net from Setikhola river. The fishes were measured and weighed using stainless scale and weighing machine respectively before dissecting fish. Qualitative analysis of stomach contents and index of fullness methods were applied for gut content examination. The values of total length and weight varies from 10.3 to 19.6cm and 10.3 to 75.79g respectively. The length-weight relationships of S. richardsonii as calculated on pulled data can be expressed by the equations: W = 0.0059 × TL^3.11 (R 2 = 0.91) for autumn and W=0.024 × TL^2.70 (R 2 = 0.92) for winter. The condition factor ranges from 0.81 to 1.36 during the both seasons indicating fish in good health condition and shows both isometric growth pattern and allometric pattern during both seasons. The mean value of Gastrosomatic index was 11.29 in autumn and 10.21 winter attributed to fish feeding at mdifferent rates. Approximately, 35% of the guts or stomachs were found entirely full followed by moderately full or half-full stomach and only 7% of the stomachs were empty in the winter This fish abundantly feed on green algae most followed by trichopteran and dipteran larvae so consider as omnivore in nature.
Taxonomic Diversity of Genus Tar ( Gray 1834 ) in Kali Gandaki River, Nepal
(2024) Rana, Pawan; Santoshi Shrestha
Tor species is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which is widely recognized as game fish inhabiting in fresh water ecosystem. The aim of this study is to explore the taxonomic diversity, morphometric and meristic characters of Genus Tor (Gray, 1834) of Kali Gandaki River, Nepal. Thirty-four (34) Tor species were captured from five different sites of Kali Gandaki River. 35 morphometric and 5 meristic characteristics of Genus Tor were examined. On the basis of morphometric and meristic count, only Tor putitora was identified using identification keys and references. The study examined the relationship between body metrics such as total length, head length, and standard length. All morphometric characteristics showed a positive correlation with head length, standard length, and total length. Meristic counts were almost identical to different sites of Tor putitora of Kali Gandaki River. The results of this study may be useful in management and conservation of population of Tor putitora in Kali Gandaki River which is listed in IUCN Red List of Endangered species.
Factors affecting distribution of blackbuck ( Antilope Cervicapra ) in india and nepal
(2024) Shrestha, Sadhana; Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai
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Case study of echinococcosis/hydatidosis in different hospitals of Kathmandu
(2060) Bashyal, Khimananda; Mahendra Maharjan
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Length-weight relationship condition factors and stomach content analysis of Eutropiichthys Murius (Hamilton,1822) from Nrayani river west Nawalparasi, Nepal
(2023) Gupta, Sandip Kumar; Kumar sapkota
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Ecological outlook of Gazalina chrysolopha in high seasonal hyperacute panuveitis prevalent districts of Gandaki Province, Nepal
(2024) Pathak, Pratiksha; Daya Ram Bhusal
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Morphological variations, life history and natural enemies of Gazalina chrysolopha (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in Gandaki province
(2024) Pandey, Bhawana; Day Ram Bhusal
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Impacts of invasive Alien plant species on diversity of soil macroinvertebrates in Parsa Nation park, Nepal
(2024) Paneru, Chandu; Hari Prasad sharma
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Molecular detection of Balamuthia Mandrillaris in Soil samples from Kathmandu Valley
(2024) Magar, Tsunami Tapa; Kishor Pandey
Abstract Balamuthia mandrillaris is an emerging free-living amoeba (FLA) that inhabits in a wide range of environments including soil, water, air, dust, contact lens storage case, distribution systems, drinking water treatment, and cooling towers. This pathogen is responsible for the amoebic encephalitis caused known as Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis (BAE) with over 90% of cases of this pathogen results in death. The biology and environmental distribution of B. mandrillaris are still insufficiently understood, and the environmental isolation of this amoeba is infrequent. The aim of this study is to detect the presence of B. mandrillaris in soil samples taken from various sites within the Kathmandu Valley. This study assesses the detection of the pathogen in a variety of soil environments that influences its presence, employing molecular approach. Twenty-five (25) soil samples were collected for the investigation and stored in sterilized zip-lock plastic bags at 4°C. B. mandrillaris was identified by isolating DNA from the soil samples, and PCR amplification. The positive samples were separated through electrophoresis and validated the result by sequence analysis and phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree was constructed in MEGA 11 software using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and a substitution Jukes-Cantor model to verify the evolutionary relation and genetic association between predicted B. mandrillaris with previously published GenBank sequences. Out of 25 samples, 5 samples were tested positive for Balamuthia specific DNA in which two were collected from distinct river banks, one from park, one from nursery and one from goat farm premises soil. The NCBI BLAST analysis of the sequences confirmed 100% homology with the corresponding previously reported B. mandrillaris sequence in the GenBank database from Japan. The detection of B. mandrillaris from multiple environmental conditions emphasizes the ubiquitous character of this pathogen. Of the 25 samples, B. mandrillaris was found in five (20%) soil samples through molecular method and sequencing which demonstrate the significantly higher incidence of Balamuthia in environmental habitats. The discovery highlights the importance of public health activities aimed at raising awareness regarding the risks associated with B. mandrillaris.
Functional diversity of fish species in Panaha River, Gulmi district , Nepal
(2024) Panthi, Bishnu; Kumar Sapkota
Abstract Functional diversity reflects functional characteristics and their responses to environmental changes. For the study, four season's data was taken in the Panaha River of Gulmi District, form April 2023 to January 2024. This research involved the analysis of functional diversity and detailed exploration of the interconnection between functional traits and environmental conditions. To determine potential variations among environmental conditions a one-way ANOVA was done. Species and environmental variables were analyzed through multivariate analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and intra- traits relationships were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The research shows a diverse aquatic ecosystem hosting 19 fish species from 4 different Orders and 6 Families, with a total of 836 individuals collected fish. Seasonal variations showed the highest species diversity in summer. Schizothorax plagiostomus (20.93%) and Garra rupecula (19.62%) were the most dominant species. Cypriniformes (74%) appear as the dominant order and Cyprinidae (53%) being the most species rich family. Comparative analysis on functional traits among the species shows Mastacembelus armatus as the largest species, while Schistura species was the smallest in measurement. Body shapes, position in water, caudal fin types, and mouth orientations appear diverse among the fishes .Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) show the EC, velocity, temperature, width are highly associated and influence factors for change in fish functional traits. PCA provide interrelationships among morphological traits, indicating strong positive correlations among certain traits and negative correlations with some others. This study provides the essential information for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity in the region. Knowledge on functional diversity play key role for identifying particular important species, evaluating ecosystem health and increase conservation efforts.

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