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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/26

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A study of Symbols in Dan Brown's Angels and Demons
(2011) Rai, Arun; Rebati Neupane
Dan Brown’s Angels and Demons (2000) showcases a long-standing tension between the Illuminati and the Vatican respectively. Several religious and historical symbols have been introduced in the book to portray the centuries-old rivalry between the representative agencies of science and religion. This research tries to unfold the meanings of the cryptic symbols as they are crucial to understanding the historical context of the epic clash between knowledge and faith. Robert Langdon, a Harvard professor of religious and historical symbology, offers to help CERN, the European nuclear research facility to analyze a cryptic symbol seared into the chest of a murdered physicist. With the highly explosive antimatter stolen and the four cardinals, most likely succeed to dead Pole, abducted, speculation exists regarding whether the Illuminati, once-thought to be defunct, really are back to avenge all persecutions perpetrated by the Catholic churches against men of sciences. As the plot unfolds, it is revealed that camerlengo, who acts as the Illuminati ringleader in the name of Janus, and his aide Hassasin are involved in all these cases of abduction and killings. Moreover, Langdon is faced with a challenge of decoding several symbols including the All-Seeing Eye on one-dollar bill, ambigrams of primordial elements, and several other pagan and occult symbols along the Path of Illumination. Langdon, however, successfully deciphers the meaning of the symbols by navigating sealed crypts, dangerous catacomb, deserted cathedral and the most secretive vault in and around the Vatican with their proper historical and religious references. These symbols and their meanings are central to understanding to the age-old antagonism between the two opposing forces, namely science and religion, as presented and interpreted in the novel.I. Symbols, Brown and His W
Scepticism in Cormac McCarthy‘s Stella Maris
(2024) Bhattarai, Bideha Nidhi; Shiva Raj Panta
In psychiatry and psychology, as well as in many other disciplines concerned with the well-being of mental patients, there is often an assumption that the problem lies solely within the patient’s mind. This assumption produces a baseless picture of the patient's situation that hides her relation to the doctor and to the world that she inhabits. Consequently, for the doctor, the patient herself becomes an impediment to a clear view of her mind. This thesis investigates Cormac McCarthy’s Stella Maris by exploring how the dialogues in the novel, along with the author’s choice to omit the third-person point of view, challenge the aforementioned assumption, and uncovers in the picture it produces a scepticism of other minds. Using the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell, the picture of the patient’s mind being the sole bearer of illness is questioned. Wittgenstein’s Private Language Arguments (PLAs) deny that a private language, necessarily understood only by one user, is possible, thereby denying that language can be used for referring to private sessions. Instead, language-use should be understood in terms of its public nature and sharedness. Similarly, Cavell’s concept of acknowledgement, derived from Wittgenstein’s PLAs, provides a powerful method to evaluate situations in which knowledge of another’s mind is a primary concern, such as psychiatric and therapeutic sessions. By employing these ideas, this study advocates for a relational understanding of illness, where the patient must be understood in relation to the world she inhabits. Consequently, knowledge regarding Alicia’s illness and pain should be understood as claims upon Cohen to act rather than as references to her private sensation, or as an entrypoint to her frame of reference.
Necropolitics, affirmative ethics and Atwood‘s speculation of an integrated human history in the Gilead series
(2025) Dahal, Alisa; Anirudra Thapa
Margaret Atwood speculates a totalitarian regime Gilead in her novels The Handmaid's Tale (1985) and The Testaments (2019. It was formed under a coup after the civil war preceded by the assassination of the US president and collapse of the Congress. The state represses its people, especially women, to enforce forceful sex, marriage, pregnancy and births to cope with the population crisis induced by continuous wars, climate disasters and low human fertility rate. To execute these repressive policies, the state invents extreme forms of control mechanisms built on Puritan doctrines, militarism, pervasive surveillance and utter violence like public execution, selective killings, brutal punishments, violence and intimidation. Sinners and criminals like adulteresses, rapists and pedophiles are not tolerated, and women are cared for and controlled to manage the population. Quite contradictory to totalitarianism and repression, the state employs a female leader, Lydia to watch the ―female sphere‖ and carry out safe births. This thesis analyzes the extreme means of control and punishment on women and attempts to answer how and why the state resorts to such mechanisms ranging from militarism, theocracy, rampant surveillance to female leadership. This thesis examines how the state evokes positive response and support from the disempowered women. Furthermore, it probes into the implications of inclusion of a woman leader into state politics and unravels the rationale of such contradictions prevalent in state. Besides, it pays critical attention upon the plurality of forces and people performing their roles constructively and flexibly in the reduced circumstances. This thesis is framed under interpretive research design and is substantiated by interpretation and criticality as theoretical underpinnings under constructivist approach as explained by Creswell and Creswell. This approach helps to reflect and v understand reality constructed by four female narrators from their experiences and observations as main victims and witnesses of the repression, and supports the interpretation of women‘s responses to state politics. Moreover, it employs Butler‘s theory of performance to deepen the understanding of shifting roles and responsibilities, openness and fluidity of identities. It uses the conceptual framework built on Mbembe‘s concept of necropolitics, Braidotti‘s approach of affirmative ethics, Butler‘s concept of frames of war and Agamben‘s idea of ―state of exception‖ to discuss why and how the regime violates law, eliminates selective population of women, and executes repressive rules by employing a female leader. Mbembe‘s concept of sovereign right for selective killing and Braidotti‘s ideas about sacrificial deaths, legalized euthanasia, use of technothanatological weaponry and ―ethos of engagement‖ are relevant tools to analyze the totalitarian regime, its people framed in different categories and their performances to live through the unprecedented crisis in Gilead as a ―state of exception‖. This thesis concludes that the state violence, repression, selective killings and extreme forms of control on its people are neither for sovereignty, elimination of the enemies as by racism nor a tool for eugenics but they are critical choices the state has to make when all other alternatives of saving the human future are exhausted by itself in the pretext of wars, nationality and individual freedom. Consigning the political power to the woman leader is the recognition of women‘s agency unacknowledged in the history but crucial in lifting up the fallen societies and rebuilding peace. Atwood‘s implication is of a collective battle as the ultimate resolve to fight against the shared precariousness and common vulnerability of the imminent human future. Unity can overcome the unprecedented crisis. Empathy, compassion, forgiveness, affirmative ethics and charity founded on self-criticism, critical retrospection and sense of vi oneness can rebuild an integrated history. Proposed as a design to live the future under the constant threat of ever-going wars, the rehearsal of thoughts in this discourse can trigger affirmative response and transformative approaches to crises in the uncharted chapters humanity is likely to face. To conclude on what Atwood says: ―imagination influences hope‖ and on what Braidotti claims: ―words are sonic acts‖, this thesis draws upon the chilling experiences of the repressive rule of Gilead and keeps readers aware and critical about contemporary wars and violence, and the past. Implicitly, it asks us to be prepared to take the dystopian future if navigated otherwise. Rigorous in tone, Atwood, nevertheless gives hope providing patterns of lives to live through similar situations awhile and learn to resist them, meanwhile.
Translational subjectivity in Nepali diasporic literature
(2026) Niroula, Dhundi Raj; Krishna Chandra Sharma
Available with full text.
Subversive Conscience in Aphra Behn's The Rover
(2012) Acharya, Sujan; Tara Lal Shrestha
This research work focuses on defiance against restrictive social codes and conventions in Aphra Behn’s play The Rover. Behn subverts the traditional gender discourse created by patriarchy through her strong female characters. Behn defies patriarchy by creating witty, independent, attractive, strong, active and assertive female characters. She vehemently criticizes and blurs the stereotyped view of gender roles in The Rover. Behn with her brilliant stagecraft and carnival setting subverts the gender based ideologies of her contemporary seventeenth century society. Behn's own version of carnival which departs from traditional and religious carnival provides opportunity for female character to get liberation from patriarchal domination and exploitation. They could spontaneously transgress the civility of normal behaviour and ideologies of existing social conventions and express their social desire freely. Utilizing all the features of Restoration Comedy, Behn's heroines and whores subvert the male-created narratives of marriage, love, courtship and prostitution. Behn's strong, intelligent and assertive heroines and whores in the play successfully deconstruct the gender hierarchies created by male discourse to control, oppress and exploit the female.
Betrayal and Deception in Turgenev's First Love
(2011) Mainali, Ganga; Ramesh Thapa
This project explores the behavioural act of the characters in Turgenev‟s First Love, their relationship among each other and the negative impact of the irrational impulses of the characters which certainly manifest as a betrayal and deception. In the light of Freudian psychoanalysis, it differentiates between the hidden desire and the outer reality of the character. This research examines the impulsive acts of the characters like Zinaida and Pyotor and their cruelty on their own people. Thoroughly, it explores the transition period of the 16 years old boy, Vladimir, his pathway to adulthood and the bitter experience of first love. In short, it studies the manipulative and hypocritical attitude of Zinaida and the cunning father Pyotor. Furthermore, it examines the touch of betrayal to the innocent boy Vladimir and the rest of the suitors on the layer of Freudians theory. Thus, the whole research is the study of the characters in their attitude and behaviour.
Sydney Owenson, Dynamic of Anglo- Irish relation and the Missionary
(2024) Pandey, Madhukar; Beerendra Pandey
This dissertation reads Sydney Owenson, Dynamic of Anglo- Irish Relation and The Missionary. The word “enthusiasm” occurs several times in the narrative with reference to its two protagonists, Portuguese missionary Hilarion and Indian priestess Luxima. This trope's use with Hilarion confirms the Romantic Era's hidden worries about whether Romanticism's refined version of enthusiasm was no better than its crude religious counterpart. On the other hand, its use with Luxima shows that enthusiasm can heal. Despite his abundance of zeal, Hilarion relinquishes opportunities to turn his suffering to benefit the community. Luxima’s enthusiasm, on the other hand, projects it as a cross-cultural phenomenon that is oppositional to colonial and proselytizing values. By privileging her enthusiasm over that of Hilarion, Owenson provides an alternative account of cross-cultural relations distinct from the masculinist and Orientalist representations of these relations. Owenson's fictional intervention gives voice to Luxima's ideal, a gesture towards the utopian vision of a peaceful and productive coexistence between East and West, as if to counter these shortcomings of masculine agency.
Failure of Integrating the self in Robert Eggres' The Lighthouse (2019)
(2024) Khatry, Garima; Bal Bahadur Thapa
This study scrutinizes the film, The Lighthouse (2019), directed by Robert Eggers, in light of Jungian archetypal theory. Owing to the movie being considerably recent, and of an ambiguous, surreal nature—which makes it pliable to most any kind of interpretation—the few scholarly attempts at interpretation may have derailed because the two-hander quality of the cinema has been foregone to focus on the minor motifs; namely, the mermaid. Along with the plot’s pre-existing ambiguity, the deviation added to the confusion of what the film could possibly be trying to communicate. This study ventures to bridge the gap by focusing on examining the conflict between the two characters. The researcher opines that instead of taking Thomas Wake and Ephraim Winslow (also known as Thomas Howard) at face value, they need to be seen as symbolic representations of each other’s shadow archetypes; the Senex and the Puer Aeternus, respectively. The screenplay also supports the notion as they are named ‘Old’ and ‘Young’—hence, reflections of each other. Thus, the film is interpreted to be playing out entirely within the psychic domain of one ‘Thomas’. The concept of the archetypes and individuation as introduced by Jung, and refined by Marie-Louise von Franz, create the theoretical framework of this research; that is then applied to the textual analysis of the film, in tandem with the script. It was found that despite the friction between Wake and Winslow, they still wanted to find a middle ground—so as to begin the process of individuation. However, the failure to establish sustained amicability led to failure of individuation, and in turn, the integration of the self. Keywords: Archetypes, Individuation, Psyche, Representation, Self.
Role of social media in combating corruption in Nepal
(2024) Adhikari, Niranjan; Dipak Bahadur Adhikari
Corruption is a significant global issue that undermines democratic values and erodes public trust. Despite the establishment of legal frameworks and enforcement agencies, the challenge of addressing corruption remains unresolved. This paper aims to explore whether social media could serve as an alternative tool in combating corruption in Nepal by assessing its effectiveness in comparison to traditional media, and its capacity to mobilize communities against corruption while promoting transparency and accountability. Through a quantitative research approach, a survey was conducted with 423 respondents from Nepal, and their responses were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents perceive social media as more effective than traditional media in exposing corruption. Additionally, a substantial portion of participants believe that social media has the potential to organize communities against corruption and contribute to ensuring transparency and accountability. However, there is a noticeable reluctance among respondents to personally engage in anti-corruption campaigns or report instances of corruption. The research concludes that the respondents' perceptions suggest that social media holds promise in informing citizens about corruption and fostering transparency and accountability through community mobilization. Keywords: corruption, social media, transparency, accountability, quantitative research approach
ManVersus Machine in Ambrose Bierce's selected Stories
(2023) Aryal, Seema; Laxman Bhatta
This study examines the relation between man and nature in the selected stories by Ambrose Bierce. Focusing on his works “Moxon‟s Master,” One of Twins, and The Realm of the Unreal, the study examines how Bierce anticipated the ethical dilemmas, existential threats, and societal impacts associated with AI. Through a detailed analysis, the research uncovers Bierce's portrayal of machines and autonomous entities, highlighting their implications for human autonomy, identity, and control. The central hypothesis posits that these narratives collectively predict the existential challenges posed by AI, including the potential for machines to surpass human control and the moral responsibilities of creators toward their creations. The study applies Jacques Ellul‟s theory of technological determinism to provide a framework for understanding these threats, arguing that Bierce‟s work remains relevant in today‟s AI discourse. By drawing parallels between Bierce‟s speculative fiction and modern AI developments, this dissertation demonstrates the enduring significance of his insights into the risks and ethical challenges of technological advancement. Ultimately, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between humanity and technology, as reflected in Bierce‟s prescient narratives. Keywords: artificial intelligence, autonomy, identity, ethics, societal impact
Subverting Gender in Ursula K Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness
(2024) Neupane, Krishna Prasad; Mani Bhadra Gautam
The study examines the concept of resistance as articulated in Ursula K. Le Guin’s novel The Left Hand of Darkness, focusing on the subversion of traditional gender identities through the experiences of the central character, Genly Ai. The writer uses a central character Genly Ai, who on Earth involves in discrimination on the basis of gender identity but after reaching on artificial earth (Gethen) does not find any gender identity and discrimination. This concept evokes the reader that gender discrimination only exists on the Earth. Ursula K. Le Guin experimental writing is a piece of work, directly subverts the patriarchal imposition to gender as woman are submissive to man. Thesis uses, Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble: Feminism and Subversion of Identity, uncovers the novel of Guian and explores the concept of subverting gender identity by criticizing the existed notion of patriarchy by the medium of artificial Earth. Moreover, Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex ventures that the novel works as an evidences, illustrates the core concept of female breaking the boundary of male- dominated society. Likewise, Donna Haraway Cyborg reveals that the text uncovers the concept of dual identity. The findings reveal that The Left Hand of Darkness as a piece of evidence that vandalizes the patriarchy as it is falsifying the role of gender and identity. Keywords: Resistance, Subversion, Patriarchy, Gender identity, Fluidity
Native Peoples‘ Response to Colonial Domination in Orwell‘s Burmese Days and Achebe‘s Things Fall Apart
(2026) Adhikari, Ram Chandra; Not available
This dissertation explores how George Orwell‘s Burmese Days and Chinua Achebe‘s Things Fall Apart respond to colonial oppression through the lens of Antonio Gramsci‘s notion of hegemony. The Britishers treat the Burmese as uncivilized, savage, and backward, thereby dehumanizing them. However, this raises an important question: why do the Burmese people regard the British as superior, intelligent, and civilized and why do they not resist them? As Gramsci argues, power is not maintained solely through force but also through the consent of those who are subjugated; this notion provides a critical framework for understanding the dynamics of empire in both novels. In Burmese Days, characters such as U Po Kyin demonstrate how indigenous elites reproduce colonial ideology for personal advancement, while Dr.Veraswami‘s loyalty to British rule reveals internalized subordination. In Things Fall Apart, Achebe illustrates how native authority is undermined from within by depicting the deterioration of Igbo customs as a result of the simultaneous pressures of Christian missionaries and colonial administration. Okonkwo‘s tragic resistance highlights the futility of opposing a system that demands both physical force and intellectual obedience, while Nwoye‘s conversion represents the production of colonial consent. This dissertation reveals that colonial hegemony functioned by disintegrating traditional social relationships, co-opting local intermediaries, and normalizing foreign values. Finally, the dissertation examines the fragmentation of indigenous resistance, the failure of communities to resist colonial domination effectively, indigenous complicity, and the destructive impact of colonial rule on native cultures. It provides a comparative study of the two novels and demonstrates how colonial systems relied on local collaboration. Keywords: colonial oppression, counter-hegemony, indigenous response
Reinterpreting Sita: A Feminist Analysis of Gender and Agency in The Ramayana
(2025) Jha, Bibha Kumari; Anju Gupta
This research reinterprets the character of Sita in Valmiki‘s The Ramayana through the critical frameworks of Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity as well as religious feminism to offer a reinterpretation of her position and identity within a patriarchal social and moral order. Traditionally, Sita is represented as an ideal, obedient and self-sacrificing woman, she has often been read as passive and submissive; however, a close textual analysis of key narrative moments, including the Swayamvara, Exile, Captivity in Lanka, Agni Pariksha, and her final Return to the Earth, reveals a pattern of deliberate, ethically grounded actions that complicate this perception. The study is therefore justified by the need to reexamine female characters whose identities have been predominantly shaped by patriarchal interpretations and to address the limited critical attention given to forms of resistance expressed through culturally authorised roles. Religious feminism allows for a reinterpretation of Sita as a spiritually autonomous figure whose moral authority challenges male dominated explanation of the epic. While using Butler's idea of performativity, we see how the multiple occasions of Sita performing the ideal feminine roles function as a site of both compliance and subversion. Collectively, these frameworks illustrate that Sita negotiates patriarchal expectations in ways that expose their internal tensions and limitations. This reinterpretation creates a new vision of Sita as a conscious resistance to the limits of patriarchal expectation, whose autonomous ethical choices affirm her dignity, identity, autonomy, and moral sovereignty within her sociocultural constraints. In addition to analysing the character of Sita as she appears in Valmiki's The Ramayana, this dissertation provides an analysis of the changing perception of Sita through a comparison of the various adaptations of her story with the original Valmiki‘s The Ramayana and the implications of those changes for contemporary understandings of Sita.
Necropolitics, Affirmative Ethics and Atwood‘s Speculation of an Integrated Human History in the Gilead Series
(2025) Dahal, Alisa; Anirudra Thapa
Margaret Atwood speculates a totalitarian regime Gilead in her novels The Handmaid's Tale (1985) and The Testaments (2019. It was formed under a coup after the civil war preceded by the assassination of the US president and collapse of the Congress. The state represses its people, especially women, to enforce forceful sex, marriage, pregnancy and births to cope with the population crisis induced by continuous wars, climate disasters and low human fertility rate. To execute these repressive policies, the state invents extreme forms of control mechanisms built on Puritan doctrines, militarism, pervasive surveillance and utter violence like public execution, selective killings, brutal punishments, violence and intimidation. Sinners and criminals like adulteresses, rapists and pedophiles are not tolerated, and women are cared for and controlled to manage the population. Quite contradictory to totalitarianism and repression, the state employs a female leader, Lydia to watch the ―female sphere‖ and carry out safe births. This thesis analyzes the extreme means of control and punishment on women and attempts to answer how and why the state resorts to such mechanisms ranging from militarism, theocracy, rampant surveillance to female leadership. This thesis examines how the state evokes positive response and support from the disempowered women. Furthermore, it probes into the implications of inclusion of a woman leader into state politics and unravels the rationale of such contradictions prevalent in state. Besides, it pays critical attention upon the plurality of forces and people performing their roles constructively and flexibly in the reduced circumstances. This thesis is framed under interpretive research design and is substantiated by interpretation and criticality as theoretical underpinnings under constructivist approach as explained by Creswell and Creswell. This approach helps to reflect and understand reality constructed by four female narrators from their experiences and observations as main victims and witnesses of the repression, and supports the interpretation of women‘s responses to state politics. Moreover, it employs Butler‘s theory of performance to deepen the understanding of shifting roles and responsibilities, openness and fluidity of identities. It uses the conceptual framework built on Mbembe‘s concept of necropolitics, Braidotti‘s approach of affirmative ethics, Butler‘s concept of frames of war and Agamben‘s idea of ―state of exception‖ to discuss why and how the regime violates law, eliminates selective population of women, and executes repressive rules by employing a female leader. Mbembe‘s concept of sovereign right for selective killing and Braidotti‘s ideas about sacrificial deaths, legalized euthanasia, use of technothanatological weaponry and ―ethos of engagement‖ are relevant tools to analyze the totalitarian regime, its people framed in different categories and their performances to live through the unprecedented crisis in Gilead as a ―state of exception‖. This thesis concludes that the state violence, repression, selective killings and extreme forms of control on its people are neither for sovereignty, elimination of the enemies as by racism nor a tool for eugenics but they are critical choices the state has to make when all other alternatives of saving the human future are exhausted by itself in the pretext of wars, nationality and individual freedom. Consigning the political power to the woman leader is the recognition of women‘s agency unacknowledged in the history but crucial in lifting up the fallen societies and rebuilding peace. Atwood‘s implication is of a collective battle as the ultimate resolve to fight against the shared precariousness and common vulnerability of the imminent human future. Unity can overcome the unprecedented crisis. Empathy, compassion, forgiveness, affirmative ethics and charity founded on self-criticism, critical retrospection and sense of oneness can rebuild an integrated history. Proposed as a design to live the future under the constant threat of ever-going wars, the rehearsal of thoughts in this discourse can trigger affirmative response and transformative approaches to crises in the uncharted chapters humanity is likely to face. To conclude on what Atwood says: ―imagination influences hope‖ and on what Braidotti claims: ―words are sonic acts‖, this thesis draws upon the chilling experiences of the repressive rule of Gilead and keeps readers aware and critical about contemporary wars and violence, and the past. Implicitly, it asks us to be prepared to take the dystopian future if navigated otherwise. Rigorous in tone, Atwood, nevertheless gives hope providing patterns of lives to live through similar situations awhile and learn to resist them, meanwhile. Keywords: affirmative ethics, critical retrospection, ethos of engagement, necropolitics, repression, shared vulnerability
Culture Commodifying Human in Henry James' The Spoils of Poynton
(2016) Bhatt, Jagadeesh; Ram Chandra Paudel
This research looks into Henry James’s The Spoils of Poynton from the perspective of Neo Marxism. The late capitalism is essential to address the exploitation of capitalism as mode of oppression is also changed in the society. Human emotion and sacred social institutions like marriage are commodified in the era of late capitalism. Economic concern and other pragmatic consideration have become so pressing and overpowering that people are almost bound to forget sanctity of human feelings and sentiments. Both Owen and Mona treat marriage as commodity which can be trade and transacted with money. They count it in monetary terms. It is just a tool to make money and create solid financial prospect in their lives. In the novel Mona is dismissive of her mother-in-law's aesthetic pursuit and passion. Her mother in law had spent lots of her energy and youths to collect different types of artifacts and artworks. Her dedication to artistic pursuit and passion is memorable. But her daughter in law is highly dismissive of her dedication to art, and aesthetics. Mona sees only the utility in the objects of aesthetic works. She goes to the extent of burning Mrs. Gereth's souvenirs assuming that they have no practical and pragmatic worth. The commodified interest of both Owen and Mona match. So they live. Before they decide to live together, they had made up their mind to avoid sexual entanglement. But as their nuptial life continues, they violate all such terms and conditions.
Cultural History of True History of the Kelly Gang: A Subaltern Study
(2016) Shrestha, Brinda; Beerendra Pandey
The autobiography True History of the Kelly Gang written by Australian writer Peter Carey, projects historical socio-cultural subaltern issues at the core. The novel presents Australian historical cultural transformation from colonial, postcolonial period to contemporary era of globalization. Analyzed from this perspective, the novel communicates the most predominant issues of class, culture, history and the elements of oppressed and marginalized lower class people in the cultural historical context of Australia. The analysis of the text draws on subaltern theory and the concept of cultural history. The study focuses the main characters Ned who is killer, highwayman and criminal. The study argues that Carey has come up with representations of the subaltern and shows the oppressed and marginalized status in Australian society.
Voice for Female Empowerment in Telling a Tale
(2015) Neupane, Madhu Sudan; Not available
The research work in Telling a Tale finds women empowerment is possible only through educational, social, cultural and economic change in the society. This research work finds that men made social and cultural practices are hindrances to women that made women dependent to them socially, culturally, and economically. The male members in the society think that women are their property and there is a psychology that they should be treated according to their own wish and do not let them in the process of economic earning. The research work finds out the causes of women domination is due to men's stereotypical and unchanged mind since history which are hindrance to overall freedom to women. If women are aware, they may struggle against men. Now, women are empowered and educated in the society. They do not want to become burden to their husbands economically or socially. It claims that different movements towards women, worldly changed situation towards women, global impact, and compulsory education in the state are the causes to subvert the social views towards women.
Sibling Quest for Family Reunification in Khaled Hosseini’s And the Mountains Echoed
(2015) Aryal, Arjun; Jiblal Sapkota
The present research centres on the sibling quest in Hosseini’sAnd the Mountains Echoed by utilization of different narrative storytelling and presenting familial relationship, sacrifice, hope of reunion. The main character Pari is sold to Kabul. The separation of the two siblings, Abdullah and Pari, is the heart of the book. Both subsequently become "victims of the passage of time": Abdullah, who is older and remembers Pari, agonizes over her loss for most of his life, while Pari is younger and able to forget her brother after losing him. However, by the end of the book, Pari remembers Abdullah and locates him in the United States only to discover that he is suffering from Alzheimer's disease and has forgotten her. Especially, Pari and Abdhulla who are bound to separate from each other because of their different circumstances and conditons, but they are united at the ending of the novel. They spend many years without seeing. Tht is to say they suffer from the sense of ownness. A kinds of the sense of dislocateedness tortures them. The novelist has really shown the love of brothers and sisters. The other chracters like Markus and Thalia who are lso brother and sister are compelled to be isolated from each other. They are also united at the end of the novel which can be taken as instance of unification of familiar relation. At the end, Pari and Abdulla, and Marky and Thalia mneet their dear ones because of their strong toil and dedication for quest for ownness. Here we can claim that they can not leave their own native culture although they are settled in western soceity. If they had lacked such desire for own rootness, they would not have reunited with each others. Khaled Hosseini the Afghan-American writer beautifully delves into the subtleties of human relationships. In his novels, Hosseini has expressed his concern about the wretched conditions of the people in general and women in particular who have been doubly marginalized –one by the society and the other within the four walls of their homes. Drawing upon the notion of E.D. Hirsch's notion of "The Aims of Interpretation" (1976), this reserch proves the hypothesis.
Gender Stigma in Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea
(2015) Upreti, Punya Prasad; Shankar Subedi
This research analyzes the issue of stigma in the novel Wide Sargasso Sea. Antoinette goes mad due to ill treatment into the hands of patriarchal society. She suffers from discrimination and exploitation by her husband and her condition further deteriorates. She is stigmatized as a mentally derailed woman. This stigmatization shows the plight and suffering of high class Victorian wives and mother, the limited social space and negligence of the male towards her makes her feel imprisoned. Antoinette’s heart and spirit is broken and she shows signs of an emotionally weak, confused and unbalanced woman. Rochester is cruel and call her Bertha, her mad mother’s name. In England she is physically and mentally imprisoned and when the torture crosses normal limits she sets fire on the house and kills herself. Her death is a result of stigmatization because of which she had to suffer a lot.
Quest for Cultural Identity in Mira Nair’s Movie The Namesake
(2016) Thekare, Toi Raj Singh; Shankar Subedi
The present research entitled “Quest for Cultural Identity in Mira Nair’s movie The Namesake” explores the cultural identity in diaspora, dislocation and pain of constructing a new life in a different world. In building a new life, something must be destroyed. This paper looks in to the state of name and sense of identity and belongingness of the characters of Indian origins and immigrants in the USA. The question of fix identity through perspective of first and second generation Diasporas seem ambiguous and in dilemma. Naming in The Namesake symbolizes the feeling of hybrid subject, or trans-cultural identity. Now days people are intentionally move to different places in the world, but they cannot change their cultural identity easily so it makes hardships to stay new place with their old cultural route. Because of their cultural route there is a clash between generations and such clashes become multiculturalism or hybrid culture.

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