Suppression of women and formation of female bonding in Jasvinder Sanghera's memoir daughters of shame

Abstract

Daughters of Shame is a compilation of the memoirs of several women which explores how Muslim and Sikh women are compelled to face domestic violence, honour-based crimes and forceful marriage. Women of these communities are compelled to face these sorts of problems because of the strict and conservative cultures. The women of these societies are treated as animals. But it does not mean that women bear whatever is done upon them. During the course of time, they become aware and conscious about their subordination and oppose the patriarchal social system through female bonding. Female bonding is a formation of close personal relationship between and among women which is achieved through shared work. In this memoir, Sanghera plays pivotal role for female bonding. Along with her, women like Shazia, Fozia, Maya, Shabana have played significant role for female bonding. These women help each other by giving psychological and physical support.