Assessment of Digital divide in higher education system; A case of for Western province of Nepal

Abstract

This study investigates the status of the digital divide in higher education of Far Western Province of Nepal, examining contributing factors of digital divide. Data was collected using close-ended questionnaire and interview from 200 students of nine districts categorized into three Regions (Terai, Hilly, and Mountain). The study shows that accessibility to electricity varies among districts and Regions, with Terai districts exhibiting better access. ICT tools, particularly smartphones, are widely available, but access to other devices like laptops and desktops were limited, especially in Mountain Regions. Mobile data is the primary source of internet across districts, with Terai districts having better access to both mobile data and Wifi. However, internet speed satisfaction is generally low, particularly in Regions with geographical challenges. Additionally, the study reveals that economic barriers hinder students' affordability to purchase laptops or desktops. Access to online learning materials and digital course content varies significantly, with Terai Regions generally having more resources. However, disparities in infrastructure, digital literacy, guidance, and socioeconomic factors contribute to the persistence of the digital divide. Recommendations include expanding broadband internet services, investing in ICT literacy programs, and addressing socioeconomic constraints to mitigate disparities across all districts and Regions. This research study consists of five different chapters along with references and appendices. The first chapter is related with the introductory part that inserts background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, limitations of the study and definition of key terms. The second chapter presents about the review of related literature, theoretical literature and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with method and procedure of the study which includes design and method of the study, sources of data, population, sample and sampling of the study, tools for data collection, procedure for the data collection, data analysis and interpretation procedure and ethical consideration. The fourth chapter depicts analysis and interpretation of the results. The last chapter includes the findings, conclusion and recommendations prepared after analyzing and interpreting data. Keyword: Internet, Digital Divide, Learning Material, Digital Tool, Socio-economic Factors