Critical Regionalism, for Contextual Architectural Development in Kathmandu
Date
2022-09
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
IOE Pulchowk Campus
Abstract
Literature demonstrates how modernization and globalization have impacted
contemporary architecture, resulting in a style that pays little attention to the preexisting local and regional styles. In response to the international architecture practiced
in the West, critical regionalism, as described by theorist Kenneth Frampton, has found
use in various parts of the world. It is an architectural idea that aims to strike a balance
between local requirements and resources and the developing modernization teachings.
After the emergence of democracy in the 1950s, Kathmandu began to embrace
modernism while retaining its medieval urban culture. But rapid urbanization resulted
in the valley's chaotic architectural expression. This paper seeks to examine the critical
regionalism approach in architectural practice and identify key characteristics that
support this approach. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the applications of the
identified attributes, two case studies—the Taragaon Complex by Carl Pruscha in
Kathmandu and the Saynatsalo Town Hall by Alvar Aalto in Finland—were chosen.
Three factors—climate, spatial attribute, and material—were chosen based on theories
to help decide if the chosen cases critique or assess an established theory of regionalism.
These characteristics were verified using a different method, including literature
reviews, field observations, interviews with key informants, and computer modeling
tools. In order to learn more about traditional valley architecture, one traditional
structure, the Dhakhwa home, was also visited. Using Autodesk Ecotect 2011
simulation software, climatic analysis of the chosen case buildings was carried out.
Both the Dhakhwa House and Taragaon buildings, according to the simulation's results,
are fit for Kathmandu's climate. Although there is a minor departure from the best fit
orientation, the outcome is consistent with the suggested direction for Kathmandu. The
results of the interviews also demonstrated the necessity for further consideration of
other factors in the context of Kathmandu for contemporary architectural development,
including topography, context, material, and spatial features.
Description
As human needs change, architecture is adaptable and constantly adopts new science
and technology. Due to the speed of technological advancement, science and
technology cannot be restricted to one area and are used throughout the world. Similar
to how the architectural style of one location or nation is accepted in another, it is also
adjusted to fit the local environment, sociocultural background, and religious beliefs
(R. S. Shah, 1985a).
Keywords
climate, spatial attribute, and material—