Causes and consequences of migration in KIRTIPUR Municipality
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SOCIOLOGY CENTRAL DEPARTMENT, TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Abstract
Causes and Consequences of migration in the Kirtipur Municipality is the
subject I choose to do research for my dissertation. The main aim of this research in
this area is to find out the causes and consequences of migration. Geographic and
Demographic profile of this settlement has been changed drastically since one and
half decade because of migration. The major Causes of Migration in the ward No. 2
of Kirtipur Municipality are associated with pull factors along with push factors of
Migration.
Migration, defined as a semi-permanent or permanent change of residence,
significantly impacts demographic profiles and urbanization processes. This study
focuses on the migration trends in Kirtipur Municipality over the past years, where
rapid population growth has transformed cultivated land into urban infrastructure.
Utilizing a mixed-methodology approach that combines quantitative and qualitative
interviews, this research examines household livelihoods before and after migration,
the causes driving migration, and human development indices.
Kirtipur's diverse population primarily comprises Newars and other ethnic
groups engaged mainly in the service sector. The findings indicate a notable shift
from traditional agricultural practices to business-oriented occupations among native
residents. A majority (74%) of migrants possess secondary education or higher,
reflecting their pursuit of improved educational and economic opportunities.
Migration decisions are largely influenced by existing networks of relatives (70%),
with significant information gaps regarding destination areas noted among some
respondents.
The living conditions of the migrated people prior to migration were not
satisfactory due to inadequate health services, poor transportation, unemployment,
and financial instability—factors identified as push factors for migration according to
Lee’s theory. Households were categorized based on housing types post-migration,
revealing varying motivations such as business opportunities, job transfers, education
needs, and political instability.
Overall, rural-to-urban migration is reshaping socio-economic landscapes in
Nepal; while it enhances living standards through remittances and employment