ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF LEAD(II) USING ACTIVATED CARBONACEOUS ADSORBENT OBTAINED FROM WALLNUT SHELL(Juglans regia)
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Amrit Campus
Abstract
Presence of heavy metal ions in excess than permissible limit in aquatic environment
can cause serious problems to human being and aquatic life. Adsorption is by far the
most effective method for the removal of trace amounts of toxic heavy metals from
wastewater. The main aim of this thesis work is to prepare a low-cost, effective, and
highly efficient adsorbent from the walnut shell by chemical modification for the
removal of Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution. Charred walnut shell (CWS) and
xanthated walnut shell (XWS) as adsorbents have been prepared. FTIR, XRD, and
SEM characterization are used for the characterization of adsorbents. Batch
experiments are performed for analysis. The effect of pH, Pb(II) concentration, and
contact time have been investigated using both CWS and XWS adsorbents. The
optimum working pH of 4 and optimum time of 150 min are determined for both the
adsorbents. Equilibrium sorption data are best fitted for the Langmuir isotherm model
and the maximum adsorption capacity of CWS and XWS are found to be 61 mg/g and
109.9 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic modeling studies revealed that the experimental
data best fit to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. These results demonstrate that
XWS may be an attractive alternative bio-adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from an
aqueous solution