Linkage between renewable energy uses and rural livelihood in Dho Tarap valley, Dolpa, Nepal

Abstract

Abstract This study explored knowledge through understanding the changes brought about in various aspects of rural life by the use of Renewable Energy (RE) in the Dho Tarap Valley, Dolpa. With three specific objectives, the study aims to (i) explore the existing renewable energy practices and their benefits on rural life, (ii) identify enablers and barriers to RE adoption, and (iii) understand the demands for RE usage in the area. The mixed-method approach with pragmatic philosophical views was employed for the study. Data collection involved both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a household survey, field observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. Primary data from 250 households was collected. Most of the surveyed households relied on traditional fuels for cooking, while the uptake of imported LPG is increasing despite its high cost (approx. NPR 10,000 per cylinder) due to the scarcity of biomass-based fuels, particularly firewood. In terms of electricity, the majority of households have Solar Home Systems. Enabling factors for successful RE implementation include local participation, technological adoption, capacity-building, strong local government, partnerships, market opportunities, and subsidies. However, barriers such as infrastructure limitations, high upfront investment and capital costs, low population density, maintenance challenges, policy obstacles, and harsh climate pose significant challenges. By addressing these challenges, the sustainable development and use of RE systems can be promoted, ultimately enhancing the livelihoods of the rural population in the Dho Tarap Valley. Access to reliable and affordable energy not only improves daily living conditions but also supports agricultural productivity, economic activities, and overall community well-being, thereby fostering a more resilient and prosperous rural livelihood. Key words: renewable energy, last-mile, livelihood, participation, sustainability.