Celebration of Skepticism in E. L. Doctorow's the Waterworks

Abstract

By applying Hutcheon’s theoretical formulations about the politics ofirony in relation to skepticism inThe Waterworks, this research proves how irony that happens in discursive communities maps the micro-politics of power relations by linking it with the issues related to science, morality, industry and politics in smallpractices and in local events. The investigation and interpretation about those in power politics and system are dubious in the novel and therefore it induces skepticism. In doing so, Doctorow’s social concern for human rights and liberty questions premises of American Dream and ideals of her democracy. The novel thus is the sad illustration of the condition of American society, which boasts of its civilization.