Energy Saving and Environmental Implication of Net Zero Target in Land Transport of Bagmati Province
Date
2023-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus
Abstract
Global warming is seen to be raising concern on the global level, so the Paris agreement
has been made by most of the nations setting the target of gaining net zero to reduce
the global temperature rise and all nations have been developing their policies to
achieve the common goal. The GON has also set different NetZero targets, which can
impact the national energy demand. In the case of Nepal being a developing country,
the transportation sector is seen to be mainly based on petroleum products. So, the
impact of the target on the fuel mix of the Nation needs to be studied. Taking Bagmati
province as the study area, the passenger and freight transport demand of Nepal is
calculated from the years 2022-2050. The vehicle registered and the Weibull survival
equation are used to determine the total number of vehicles in operation in Bagmati
province which along with the loading factor were taken from to determine the present
passenger-km and tonne-km demand. Using the Leap model, the different scenarios
including GON targets are developed and the fuel mix and emission comparison is
performed in this study. On the Long-term analysis of the year 2050, it is observed that
the WAM scenario has a Fuel saving of 26% and an emission reduction of 44.7%. The
fuel switching to cleaner electric vehicles shows the trade-off that the nation has to
increase its Power plant capacity to fulfill the demand in order to reduce emissions.
This helps to reduce the fuel import ratio and improve the energy security of a nation
like Nepal with surplus energy from hydropower. The study shows that emissions can
be reduced by the targets but cannot fully remain Net Zero in the case of the
Description
Global warming is seen to be raising concern on the global level, so the Paris agreement
has been made by most of the nations setting the target of gaining net zero to reduce
the global temperature rise and all nations have been developing their policies to
achieve the common goal. The GON has also set different NetZero targets, which can
impact the national energy demand.
Keywords
Energy Saving,, Environmental Implication,, Land Transport