Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/110

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    EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION AND AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITE WING
    (Pulchowk Campus, 2023-11-26) Bhandari, Abhishek; Paudel, Laxman
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    Modeling & Analyzing Heat Transfer Behavior of Sand Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage System
    (I.O.E, 2025-04) Gurung, Surendra; Maharjan, Sanjeev
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    Damage Detection in Composite Beams Using Modal Curvature Based Techniques
    (I.O.E, 2025-04) Bhatta, Aayush; Bhattrai, Sudip
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    Sustainability Assessment of Institutional Biogas Plant in Nepal- A Case Study of Sundarijal Arsenal Biogas Plant
    (I.O.E, 2025-04) Ghimire, Mahesh Kumar; Jha, Navin Kumar
    In developing nation,sustainability of institutional biogas facilities is a major concern. This study aims to explore & develop a methodology to assess the institutional biogas plant.
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    Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Fluidic Thrust Vectoring by Shock Vector Control in a Two Dimensional Convergent - Divergent Nozzle
    (I.O.E, 2025-04) Acharya, Keshav Kumar; Darlami, Kamal
    This study presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental analysis of fluidic thrust vectoring using shock vector control (SVC) in a two-dimensional convergentdivergent (CD) nozzle. The research integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and Schlieren imaging experiments to evaluate the effects of secondary flow injection on thrust vectoring. The study begins with the development and testing of a single-mirror Schlieren imaging setup, which is utilized to visualize thermal plumes from candle and hand and later to visualize supersonic flow structures inside and at the exit of the nozzle. The CD nozzle is designed using the Method of Characteristics (MOC) and simulated in ANSYS Fluent to investigate the effect of nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), secondary pressure ratio (SPR), and secondary injection location on jet deflection. Experimental validation is conducted using a 3D-printed nozzle tested in the test rig constructed locally.
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    DYNAMIC MODELLING AND RESPONSE OF A CROSSFLOW TURBINE RUNNER
    (Pulchowk Campus, 2025) PRASAD,LAL BABU; Poudel, Laxman
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    Variation Analysis in Cooling load between Single Pane Window and Double Glass Window in an Air-Conditioned Space
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Sah, Archana; Tri-Ratna Bajracharya
    This thesis compares the changes in the cooling load of an- air-conditioned space if doubleglazing glass is used in windows instead of when single-pane glass. It investigated the effect of glass and its solar gain capacity in indoor temperature and finally on the air conditioning of the building. It is based on the principle that different types of glass have different solar gain constants and solar radiation gained through the glass directly alters the cooling load. For the energy-efficient method, glass having the lowest gain is preferred which would reduce radiation gain. Solar gain of double glaze glass is almost half of the single glaze glass due to the air insulation. So, just by changing the glass type used in windows, a huge amount of air conditioning energy can be saved. Taking an air conditioning space, located in the Pulchowk Lalitpur, the total cooling load is calculated. It is calculated by simple CLTD method i.e., cooling load temperature difference method. For simplification, a commercial ASHRAE calculation sheet is used to calculate the value of CLTD. Further environmental conditions and correction coefficient are taken according to the latitude. To make the calculation more precise and efficient, calculations are done for June and July at 12 PM, 2 PM, and 4 PM. The maximum cooling load is recorded for June at 4 PM. Further, Calculations are completed by taking this peak value of the cooling load.
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    Analysis of Patient Flow Using Discrete Event Simulation for An Emergency Room: A Case Study of Bhim Hospital Rupandehi, Nepal
    (Pulchowk Campus, 2024-06) Khanal, Sudin; Maharjan, Sanjeev
    The Emergency Room experiences a daily influx of patients, putting significant strain on departmental resources. Concurrently, treatment duration for patients has risen, leading to dissatisfaction and prolonged wait times. Hospital management is exerting maximum effort within existing resources to mitigate these issues, with a primary focus on reducing wait times. To address these challenges, a Discrete Event Simulation is employed to simulate real-world scenarios and identify optimal solutions for reducing length of stay, wait times, and other contributing factors, thus bolstering the foundation for robust decision-making. Bhim Hospital's Emergency Room serves as the case study, assessing wait times, length of stay, and bed utilization. Experimental scenarios are applied to the model, aiding the hospital management team in decision-making processes. Selection and rejection of strategies are based on paired test analyses, comparing real-world hospital data with results generated by the simulation model. Given the feasibility of all scenarios in decreasing length of stay, and bed occupancy rates, the results are recommended to the hospital for implementation. The time to stay for Red zone, Green zone and Yellow zone patients is 6 hours according to hospital data and simulation suggest of 3,4 and 5 hours respectively, this also suggest on decreasing of length of stay in the hospital. The percentage of RED BED occupy by Red zone patients in Base case is 16.64%, whereas for REST BED is 10.06%. Similarly for alternative 2, slight reduction in bed for both RED BED and REST BED of 10.21% and 6.724% respectively. Furthermore, by adding one more Physician decreases bed utilization to 10.62% less then base case and for REST BED to 7.39%. Finally, adding a path lab inside the Emergency room and only one Physician increases the RED BEDS utilization, but decreases in REST BED utilization by 17.097% and 9.467% respectively.
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    Experimental Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid in Turbulated Tube
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Sah, Sudeep; Adhikari, Surya Prasad
    Nanofluids have garnered significant interest because of their enhanced thermal properties. One prominent application of nanofluids is enhancing the thermal performance of heat exchangers. In this research work, experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Al₂O₃-water nanofluids on the overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in a shell and tube heat exchanger fitted with helical coil turbulators. Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in water to create nanofluids with concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4% by weight. These nanofluids were used in tube of the heat exchanger, where helical coil turbulators with pitches of 16mm and 20mm induced turbulence to enhance heat transfer. The study examined various parameters including nanofluid concentration and turbulator pitch, analyzing their effects on pressure drop and heat transfer. The study presents the outcomes indicating that the use of Al₂O₃-water nanofluids leads to a significant enhancement of thermal efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger. The maximum increase in overall heat transfer coefficient was observed with the 0.4% Al₂O₃-Water nanofluid combined with a 16mm pitch helical coil. Furthermore, employing the 16mm pitch coil resulted in a higher pressure drop compared to the 20mm pitch coil, highlighting the trade-off between heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop. The average enhancements in the overall heat transfer coefficient for the 0.2% and 0.4% nanofluids without turbulators were 19.5% and 34.66%, respectively, within the flow rate range of 470 to 620 l/hr compared to pure water. Introducing 16mm and 20mm helical coil turbulators in pure water increased the overall heat transfer coefficient by 47.09% to 54.76% and 26.7% to 34.66%, respectively, relative to pure water without turbulator.
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    Examining the Emergence of Information Technology and its Impact on Third Party Logistics in Nepal
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Shrestha, Pravat; Maharjan, Sanjeev
    The thesis titled “Examining the emergence of information technology and its impact on third-party logistics in Nepal” explores the integration and influence of information technology (IT) in the context of the third-party logistics (3PL) sector in Nepal. This study explores the increasing significance of IT in enhancing the overall performance, customer service, and operational efficiency of 3PL services in Nepal's logistics industry. It aims to shed light on how IT is transforming logistics and customer experience within Nepal's unique infrastructure and socio-economic context. This will be achieved through a detailed examination of technology adoption, system integration, and industry practices. This study tries to highlight status of third-party logistics in Nepal, IT tools currently they have adopted in their daily operations. This research provides information about current major IT tools required for 3pls and how these 3pls are chosen by clients and customers and what IT tools and other criteria to focus on for competitive advantage. Additionally, this study showcases the challenges the 3pls are facing while integrating tools and the opportunities that exists in this logistics market in Nepal.
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    Performance Enhancement of Radial Distribution Network with Optimal Placement of Capacitor Bank: A Case study of Butwal West Distribution Feeder with Scenario Study of Electric Vehicle Charging Station
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Pandey, Subash; Badrudoza, Mahammad
    Minimization of Power Loss, enhancing cost savings, and improving the performance of the distribution network are important areas in the power system due to degrading power quality on consumers' end, financial loss of utility due to heavy power loss and unbalance of reactive power in the distribution network. One of the best method to enhance the efficiency and performance of the distribution system is by optimal sizing and placement of a capacitor bank. In this thesis, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the size of the capacitor bank and candidate bus for placement of the capacitor. The objective function is adopted to minimalize the total cost of energy and enhance the cost saving. Initially, the standard IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system is considered without compensation (without capacitor bank) and Load Flow analysis is carried out using the PSO algorithm and ETAP software and the performance of the distribution network is determined. Then, the optimal sizing and placement of the capacitor bank are determined using the PSO algorithm based on LSI values.
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    A comprehensive analysis of solar panel performance and its correlation with meteorological Parameters: A study performed at Jwagal, Lalitpur, Nepal
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Baral, Sagar Raj; Shakya, Shree Raj
    This thesis seeks to undertake a complete investigation of solar panel performance in relation to climatic factors, with an emphasis on Jwagal, Lalitpur, Nepal. The study investigates the complicated interplay between solar energy generation and several climatic characteristics such as temperature, humidity, and solar radiation using rigorous data collection and analysis. The primary goal is to improve the efficiency and dependability of solar energy systems using educated insights generated from meteorological data. This thesis investigates solar panel performance in relation to meteorological data in order to identify patterns, trends, and correlations that may be used to influence the design, installation, and maintenance of solar energy systems. The global need for renewable energy sources is expanding, thus it is vital to understand how weather patterns and solar panel efficiency interact. Experiment used a wide range of environmental characteristics, including irradiance, temperature, and humidity, and their influence on solar panel performance.
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    Energy Performance Analysis of Terminal Building of Pokhara International Airport
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) ACHARYA, PRAVEEN; Amatya, Vishwa Prasad
    Heating and cooling are needed in a building to maintain a comfortable environment for the human living and working inside the building. Commercial building like airport needs space heating and cooling throughout the year to make as comfortable environment for the passengers and to maintain working temperature of different special equipment which is used inside the terminal building of an airport. Pokhara International airport is the third international airport of Nepal. It is an ICAO category 4D airport and consists of a single runway. The terminal building of Pokhara international airport serves as terminal for both domestic and international passengers. This study is about the energy consumption by space heating and cooling system installed in terminal building of Pokhara international airport. Heating and cooling system consumes almost 50 percent of the total energy consumption of the terminal building. Thus, the energy consumption of HVAC system of the terminal building must be optimized.
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    Burst Strength Analysis of an LPG Cylinder using Experiment Data and Numerical Simulation
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Yadav, Chandra Bhushan; Bhattarai, Nawaraj
    The research focuses on assessing the burst strength of the 14.2 Kg LPG cylinders for which the model is prepared according to Nepal and Indian Standards. 2.61 mm is chosen as the thickness of the LPG cylinder for which the minimum internal pressure is calculated using the ASME BPVC Section VIII, Division 1 and Nepal Standard Code using the yield strength as the allowable stress limit. The yield and ultimate tensile strength are obtained from the uniaxial tensile tests, while burst pressure is obtained from the hydrostatic pressure burst test. The test conducted on 9 different LPG cylinder samples resulted in an average yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and burst pressure of 283.879, 421.045 and 8.72 MPa respectively. The analytical burst pressure as per shell theory obtained is 6.98 MPa. Numerical simulation as per ASME BPVC Section VIII, Division 2, Part 5 yields burst pressure of 7.0014, 7.506713, and 8.421 MPa from Elastic, Limit Load and Elastic Plastic analysis respectively with, elastic plastic analysis considered most realistic approach. Since LPG cylinders are symmetrical about the longitudinal axis, axisymmetric 2D analysis is performed.
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    Direct Lightning Impact Assessment in Solar Mini Grid
    (I.O.E, 2024-06) Devkota, Anup; Gautam, Basanta Kumar
    Lightning strikes represent a substantial hazard to the electrical distribution network, causing both physical and insulation damage. These effects extend to renewable energy sources, specifically solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which are vulnerable to lightning strikes. This thesis seeks to completely assess the direct impact of lightning on off-grid solar power systems, with an emphasis on array components, inverters, and loads in a mini solar power grid. The study focuses on modeling and simulating lightning-induced transients, their propagation, and the responses of PV system components. A thorough research technique is provided, which includes system modelling, lightning impulse production, and coupling simulation. The off-grid system is modelled with the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) program, which captures the behavior of PV arrays, inverters, loads, and lightning strikes. The modeling results reveal that lightning strikes can result in substantial overvoltage on dead end low voltage sides. These findings emphasize the need of having an adequate lightning protection system (LPS) to reduce potential damage and maintain system resilience.