Community-Based Flood Management (A Case Study of Tharu Community in the riverbank area of ward 19, Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City

Abstract

This study investigates community flood disaster management within the Tharu riverbank community of Kheda Tole, Ward 19, Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal. As one of the most flood-prone areas along the Mohana River, this community practices indigenous knowledge systems deeply rooted in its social, ecological, and agricultural practices for flood preparedness. The research draws on a qualitative case study approach, using in- depth interviews with residents to explore how the Tharu people understand and respond to recurring flood disasters. Framed through the social constructionist lens, the study examines how lived experiences and collective memory inform community-based strategies of resilience. The research site is also part of an external disaster risk reduction (DRR) intervention program. This intersection makes it an ideal location to observe how traditional knowledge is adapted, preserved, or challenged by modern institutional practices. The findings show that the community has enhanced its flood preparedness by integrating traditional and externally introduced knowledge. Similarly, Bhalmansa (Tharu indigenous social leader) and change makers for DRR have adapted an advocacy role for the benefit of their community. The Samudayik Kosh (Community Savings) plays a key role in post-disaster recovery. While the community has effectively protected residential areas, efforts to safeguard agricultural land remain inconsistent and divided. This research contributes to broader understandings of community-based flood management and highlights the importance of recognizing indigenous knowledge systems in shaping equitable and effective DRR strategies.