Battery Energy Storage System for Reducing the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources Penetration on Frequency Regulation
Date
2022-09
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IOE Campus
Abstract
Grid losses and carbon impact are reduced by integrating renewable energy sources (wind
and photovoltaic) into electricity networks. The intermittent nature of RES, however,
greatly diminishes system inertia, which has an impact on the system's ability to dampen
and modulate primary frequency regulation. Increased PV penetration may result in
induced frequency oscillations that may go against grid operating standards and jeopardize
the grid's stability and security. In this thesis, to decrease frequency oscillation by
improving primary frequency controllability in accordance with grid code and enable more
PV penetration, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) with droop control is suggested.
The primary idea of BESS control is to mimic the governor's drooping behavior found in
conventional generators. Fossil fuel based conventional producing unit replacement and
the consequences of PV integration at various level with line & load contingencies is
investigated. The optimal Sizing and location is also achieved through scenario and
comparative performance analysis in this research. Theoretically sizing of BESS is done
using inertia constant and droop control for 150 MW replacement of conventional
generation with PV, 75 MW sizing of BESS is obtained. When a 100 MW of PV is
penetrated with temporary and permanent line outage and heavy load, it is observed that
frequency of grid is violated i.e. the frequency deviation of G1 & G2 are extremely
oscillatory and exceed the required grid limit by 1.0204 (51.02 Hz; G1) and 1.0246pu
(51.23 Hz; G2) respectively. With the addition of 50 MW BESS at bus 7 of IEEE 9 bus
system, the frequency of G1 and G2 are under NEM 2% grid criteria i.e. 50.365 Hz &
50.487 respectively. Also for IEEE 14 bus system frequency rise violating the grid criteria
with frequency 51.5 Hz with 140 MW PV penetration. The frequency observed with 100
MW size of BESS installed at bus 6 is 0.996 pu i.e. 49.8 Hz for both generators and
oscillations are also minimized. RMS/EMT simulations are done for all scenarios in Dig
silent power factory environment.
Description
The integration of green and carbon free energy resources, particularly solar (PV) and wind
energy, into the current grid is being driven by the continuous grow in energy consumption
& increasing environmental concerns of conventional electricity production [1].
Government policies, societal movements, improvements in renewable energy technology,
current installation scenarios, and research portfolios from academia and business all point
to a power sector that will be emission-free in the future. As a result of such resolutions a
same rate of RES penetration is anticipated in coming years too. Regarding the subject
matter of this paper, adding large-scale RES of an alternating nature has created new
difficulties for the dynamic and transient stability of the current electric grid. The operation
of power systems has become more difficult because to RES, which have differing natures
of operational traits in comparison to traditional generation units, as well as inherent
swinging behavior. Additionally, as RES become more prevalent, the primary electric grid
has a number of technical issues, including voltage limit violations, transmission
bottlenecks, peak generation-peak demand imbalances, an increased requirement for loadgeneration balancing (spinning reserves), etc. Additionally, there is growing worry about
how poor inertial RES penetration affects the system's inertial capacity, particularly with
regard to how they affect the dampening of power oscillations after disturbances. In light
of this, RES can deliver clean energy at the cost of stability anxiety. The goal would be to
use as much renewable energy as feasible to generate electricity while minimizing risks to
the power system's stability and dependability. In many nations, it is customary to use
power electronics devices to improve power system stability and enable larger throughputs
of renewable energy, primarily through the use of various energy storage technologies. An
energy storage system's power electronics technology advancements have the capacity to
react quickly
Keywords
Battery Energy Storage System, Renewable Energy, Frequency Regulation