Health Education

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/63

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Diabetes and its effects on health
(Department of Health Education, 2020) Khanal, Susma
The study entitled “Diabetes and its effects on heath” in Sivasatakshi municipality Jhapa district have been conducted among 155 people. This study was to determine the diabetes among people in SivaSatakshi and to find out the prevalence and its impact of diabetes among people. For this study descriptive research design is used. The study is focus on diabetes effects health on the people of Sivasatakshi Municipality word No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. both qualitative and quantitative data had been collected during the field work. . The information was collected form randomly 155 peoples of samples thought interview schedule and observation, questionnaire, with the target. and the data had broadly categorized according to the research objectives and presented in qualitative as well be analyzed and interpreted with the help of different statistical tools. Most of the people were affected above 50 years age the majority of people were affected by diabetes, who gave been continuously getting medical checkup. Maximum respondents had best knowledge about the effects of diabetes on health and they were equally having good knowledge of economic condition due to frequently checking their health. Therefore frequently checking their health. Therefore most respondents were controlling of food to avoid diabetes on their health. Sivasatakshi municipality have been taken part for most of the people to provide diabetes and its effects on health by conducting village based programmed which helps to improve respondents health. In the study to aware the people about diabetes and its effects on health programmed should be conducted in the adult education. Family of diabetes patient should take part of different discussion programmers and seminar then utilized information as a practice and help to those diabetic patient. The meal which we intake everyday in our life most need to know the volume of protein, carbohydrate, Sugar, and starch. And need special attention of taking those meal to avoid any health issue.
Eating Habits and Effect for Children Studying at Basic Level
(Department of English Education, 2022) Jha, Sweta
Eating habits and effect for children studying at Basic Level" is completely field based study which helps to analyze Nutrition condition of Basic Level students of different schools which are (i) Shree Public High School, Chatara Line, Ward No. 12 (ii) Shree Shiksha Niketan School, Niketan Galli, Ward No. 02 (iii) Shree Saraswoti School, Dharan, Ward No. 01, Sunsari and (iv) Shree Panchayat Basic Level School, Ganesh Man Chowk, Ward No. 16. The objectives of the study are to know the Eating habits and effect for children studying at Basic Level and to know the knowledge about Nutrition in the study area population, to know the condition of mal nutrition diseases in Basic Level students of study area, to depart the knowledge of importance of nutrition in their bodies, right sources of nutrition and nutrients along with micronutrients which are necessary for Basic Level students of study area. This study had been carried out from of sample of 125 basic level students means that students from class 1 to class 8 only with the help of school administration. This study had been done with the help of primary data which are directly collected from my presence and observation. The sample data or students had been selected according to simple random sampling method. The data collected from the study area had been concisely analyzed and interpreted with the help of table, line graph, column graph, pie-chart diagram so that it can be self presented. In terms of study population, the sex ratio of population is accounted 86.56. 76% of study population has been found Hindu where as Christian population 20%, Buddhist population 2.4% and Muslim population 1.6%. In the case to ethnicity composition, 21.6% study population is Brahmin, Chhetri 16.8%, Bishkarma 8.8%, Majhi 7.2%, Rai 6.4% and lowest percentage of study population is Khan 0.8%. About the educational attainment of parents of study population, the highest percentage of educational attainment is SLC 23.2%, Intermediate (+2) 13.6%, Bachelor 7.2%, Lower Secondary Level 20.8%, Primary Level 16.8%. Literate 11.2% and Illiterate population is 7.2%. It had been found that the family structure of study area was 86.4% living in joint family where as 13.6% living in nuclear family. In the matter of occupation followed by the parents of study area children was Agriculture by 43.2%, Business by 10.4%, and Service by 10.4%. During the research conducted basic level students of study v area in the comparative of preference of the dish or food by them, it had been noticed that the basic level students of the study area were preferring to use or have Junk food or Packed food was 76.8% where as only the 23.2% of basic level students of study were preferring to have or use Home-made food. It clearly shows that impartment of knowledge of Importance and positive of impact of Home-made food and Negative impact of Junk or Packed food on their healthy is very necessary in the study area. In the same way, 100% students of study area have already vaccinated or immunized. It is also found during observation that 80% students of basic level level are in Normal Nutrition, 16% study population are in Mild mal nutrition and 4% study population are found moderate mal nutrition. The administration and teachers of three schools have been found concerned about important of nutrition and they are conducting nutrition awareness program in school some time. But two schools of study area are not much concerned about nutrition program in their schools. However 86.4% study population had their lunch for tiffin 13.6% study population had not brought lunch for tiffin which shows that parents of them are not much concerned about their children nutrition. It shows that Nutrition knowledge to the parents and students of the study area is very necessary. Practice of washing hands properly and sanitizing hands before having food is very mandatory. Recent contrast, the basic level students who are mostly under 18 years do not have vaccine against Corona Virus (Covid-19) are in high risk. So, washing hands before having any food must be taught and monitored to the basic level students so that we can help them to build of eating habits with sanitized hands whereby we can save them in danger of Corona Virus.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic to the Domestic Workers of Kathmandu
(Faculty of Health Education, 2021) Karki, Deb Raj
The study was carried out in domestic workers to determine the prevalence of intestinal viral infection. Workers were selected from Kathmandu district especially Kathmandu Metropolitan. Total sampling of samples is sixty six, except pretest ten samples. Out of total of sample population 19 to 39 (21 % to 29%) age group had been found. The study also found 1 respondents’ is 13 year and 2 respondents are 70 year old, both of them out of legal provision. The study found that most Hinduism 76 % among them total population of study. Other side 95% workers are female respondents of study. There is 60 % DWs is other caste as kshatri, bahun, jaisi, dasnami. The study found that the most important thing is dalit 11 % also DWs. The 70% workers are married. The largest numbers children more than 5 child respondents are very low 2% and none of child has 29 %. Domestic worker immigrated population out of urban areas as like 95 % population is migration. Most of workers 52% respondents are no formal education got. Large number 74 % of workers did not joined in union and 24% workers only join in Trade union. Less than, them have allowed to attain organizational activities as meeting involve. The 89 % workers are liveout among them 98 % were living in rent house. The highest number 53 % workers worked one household and only seven house hold working number is 2 % before COVID-19. There is 85 % did not have written contract with owner of the worker. The COVID-19 controlling policies information is better than other information as lockdown known 100 % of respondents. Most of 43 % DWs are working in house cleaning. The 87 % respondents have got information of COVID-19 relief program out of it 94 % known food relief vii package. During the pandemic 30 % respondents had got skills’ training that was conducted for affected workers the 70 % workers did not get any kinds of training. There is 59 % workers get relief through Trade Union (HUN) and the 33 % received of relief from the friends and relatives. The regular information had been taken workers 97 % among them the 94 % friends and the 92% from employer. The 83 % workers did not receive any kinds of compensation; even though 17 % workers got some compensation during the COVID-19. Before of the pandemic one worker income earned rs55000 before pandemic with highly satisfactory. The ten thousand and one to fifteen thousand earned 42 % workers in a month. The second highest five thousand one to ten thousand earned 29 % workers in a month. After COVID-19 most of workers lost their job as 41% workers earn five thousands to ten thousands. There is more than 50 % workers had been decreased their income in the COVID-19 pandemic. The workers had been lost their all jobs 67% in pandemic. The workers did not lost some job 23% among them 54 % workers increased their workload during the pandemic. The 85 % workers told they resumed job after lockdown but the 15 % workers still jobless. The 47 % workers deprived holidays during pandemic but 53 % workers did not get any kinds of holidays. The workers are getting enough necessary protective measures 30% only and 15 % had got but not enough and 55% workers did not get any kinds of safety measures in pandemic. The 14 % workers have their health insurance; 86 % among them 56 % workers had paid premium themselves and 44 % workers premium had paid by their employer and other workers no health insurance. The illness expenditure of respondents 87 % paid themselves. In the pandemic 14% workers did not get any kinds of reproductive health. The 4 % and 4% workers feel physical and psychological violence or harassment during the pandemic. viii The workers are main breadwinner 41 % in their family and remaining 59 % workers are not main income earner in the family or their income is supplementary only. The COVID-19 pandemic impact affected 65 % workers family member they loss all of jobs and the 15 % workers family member still working. The 82 % workers told that their family expenditure increased in pandemic and the 20 % workers told more impact is burden of family as child, elders disable shown percentages among the 59 % expenditure increase in internet or telephone. The COVID-19 contracting secure feeling, the 70 % workers told they felt fair and the 15 % feel uncertain. Pandemic workers mental health and feel of anxious ranking the 61 % workers feel lack of savings, the 58% workers feel work uncertain and the 47 % feel transportation difficulties. There is most measurable and sensitive things about knowledge level it called L-Kurds scale methods of test. The very high knowledge level is 30 % of workers. The high level is 33, medium level is 26 %, low level is 8% and very low level is 3 % out of total sample.
Oral health problems among children of sardar community
(Department of Health Education, 2078) Chaudhary, Srijana
The study entitled with “Knowledge of Oral Health Problem Among Children of Sardar Community” in Sunsari District. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of Oral health problem among Children of Sardar Community. As well as to evaluate the correlation between their Oral health knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables.A quantitative study was conducted at Itahari sub metro politan at Gaisar Sardar Tole.A total sample of 45 children between the ages of 6 and 14 years completed the study with Permission to perform this study was received from the Department of Health and physical education, Janta Multiple Campus, Itahari, Sunsari. The study investigated among rural 45 Children of Sardar Community in Sunsari district to access Oral health problem knowledge. Since the children are the future pillars of the country, the study tried to find out how hopeful we should be in the education of the leaders of tomorrow of Nepal on the issues and problems of Oral health. The findings of the study hopefully will be beneficial to education managers,curriculum developers, education ministry workers in Nepal and future researchers. Oral care to remove Oral problem at the Oral clinic, received the lowest percentage of correct answers (13.33%). Regarding the knowledge and practice of effective brushing time, only 30% of the respondents knew the morning and night.With regards to the knowledge of the decaying teeth, 62.22% of the sample answered they had suffered. Only 53.33% of the participants knew the importance of regular Oral hospital visits. About 12.22% of the respondents knew the correct method of Oral protection. The results showed that the oral health education program was effective at improving participant's oral health knowledge.
Practices on safe motherhood in Katahari VDC, Morang Nepal
(Department of Health Education, 2011) Basnet, Sarswati
This is a field based study which was conducted to find out the “Trends and Practices on Motherhood in Katahari VDC Morang District.” The main objectives of the study were to identify the socio economic factors that determine the safe motherhood practice of desire community women, to examine the antenatal, natal and post natal service, to find out safe mother hood trends and practices of katahari VDC. The study was its own delimitation which are the study was based on Katahari VDC, Sixty respondents (15-49) year married women were selected on the basis of simple random sampling by using lottery system in this study. Interview schedule was formulated to collect the information of the respondents. Majority of the respondent belonged to Hindu religion, Majority of the respondents were literate and have completed secondary and intermediate level of education. A higher proportion of the respondents had antenatal visits care, and 67-24 percent of the respondent had visited about four times. Most of heigher percent respondent to know by stopping menstruation about their pregnancy, and 90 percent respondent had taken TT vaccine. 30 percent of the respondent had taken same as usual food (general food) and 45 percent had taken extra nutritious food by their relation. Eighty percent of the respondents had delivered child at hospital. It use 60.46 percent of the respondents assisted to manage transportation by relatives. Health personal and TBA cutting the cord of the baby 88.33 percent of the respondents with new razor blade, and most of them used safe delivery kit about 24.32 percent of the respondents have had taken fruit as usual after onset of labor to delivery. A great majority 90 percent of the respondent had fed the colostrums. The respondent has 40 percent breast fed their child up to three year, and 93.33 percent of them had fed their child by putting on lap. Majority 95 percent of the respondent have had immunized their children and 71.66 percent respondent had used family planning device. Needs to aware about safe motherhood practice by trainings and HE programs to promote their safe motherhood behavior.
Prenatal Care in Laukahi VDC Sunsari District
(Faculty of Health Education, 2014) Mandal, Ramesh Kumar
This thesis entitles’’ prenatal care in laukahi V.D.C Sunsari, District.’’ The main objective of this research work is to identify the prenatal care their consciousness level one prenatal care and its barriers of health seeking behavior one their health condition. The researcher has used the Laukahi V.D.C as the sample population and has chosen the 30 pregnant cases of laukahi V.D.C using purposive sampling. Similarly the researcher has collected data from interview and analyzed descriptively, At last findings the conclusion has been drawn and the researcher has recommended and suggested the introduction of the title and its theoretical ground.second part reviews the related literature of the relevant work. Third part deals with methodology of the study. Fourth part deals with analysis and interpretation of date. Fifth partdeals with summary, findings conclusion and recommendation. This study is related to the prevalence of women in Laukahi VDC. Among the respondents 100% of women pregnancy cases were found married. 56.66% of female pregnancy cases are literate and 10% was SLC passed though 33.33% of women pregnancy cases were illiterate.Being dependent on husbands and in-laws, women feared refusal by husbands. Other family member and society by contrast; economic burden is the main concern of women throughout the health care seeking process and treatment period. There are only 33.33% respondent had enough income by their own to maintain the food for more than six month in a year apart from that they had to manage their hand to mouth problem by doing daily way labour workaround. Majority of women pregnancy cases 73.33% were from Janjati groups of people. The second most majority of women pregnancy cases 20% were from the Dalit and third most major group of cases 7% were from other castes like Marik, etc.Similarly Dalit covers 7% of total attendance of the patients. The minor representation was from the Musahar group of the people who attended only 20% of the total cases.The majority of the women pregnancy cases registered for treatment are under the age group of 18– 24. Among all the respondents majority 66.66% of the women pregnancy cases replied the causes to pregnancy is due to germs but there are 33.33% of respondent who did not know the actual cause of disease.Among the total respondent 66.66% of the pregnancy suspects seek the treatment at the health institutions where the pregnancy diagnosis and pregnancy services available at free of costs.Majority of pregnancy suspects were helped by their family’s members, FCHV, for the treatment.
Sanitation and hygiene practice in campus level students
(Department of Health & Physical Education, 2018) Rai, Durga
The present study is an attempt to find out the sanitation and hygiene practice of the college level students. The general objective of the study is to analyze the practice of the sanitation and hygiene in bachelor level student. The specific objectives are: to analyze the sanitation practice of the students, family and college of the participation of students in college, to assess the sanitation attitude. The study focused on the behaviors of the sanitation and hygiene practice of college level students studying at bachelor level first year including 165 students is a small scale cross sectional study done at a college in the capital Kathmandu. The data were taken from the students provided by the observer’s presence in the class hour at the campus premises only. The outcome of the results was carried out in three major categories of personal sanitation, family sanitation and college sanitation. In the case of the personal sanitation practice was little higher than the half of the normal behavior. In case of the family sanitation was observed less than the half of the measurement. It was seen that the students are not much aware of the family sanitation measures. Other measures to improve the sanitation for the family and for the nation was also assessed which turned out to be more emphasis on providing health education for the measures to improve family sanitation and management of the waste was the highest priority for the improvement of the sanitation in the country. As sanitation has a great role in the health of the individuals, personnel and family that directly affects the learning ability of the students and every individual. So, it is to be assessed via the different measures for educational institutes and other criteria. The evaluation of this study showed the family sanitation is under the average, not good state of the personal sanitation and a bit satisfactory state of the college sanitation. Majority of the students focused to improve the family sanitation is by the provision of health education to provide the family, and improvement of the waste management to improve the sanitation of the country. As the data have been categorized to the 3 types of sanitation personal, family and college sanitation. Personal sanitation outweighs more than half that is 57%. The condition of sanitation status indicates the wellbeing of the individuals. Students were 16%, B.A. students were 43%, BBS students were 35% and BSW students were in low having 6%. Out of 165 students, female were 71 %( 117) and the boys were 29 %( 48). Personal sanitation and hygiene in which different questions from the knowledge about sanitation, combing of hair, brushing of teeth, wearing of shocks, having bath, washing of hand after latrine, washing of uniform, eating habit such as junk food, eating pattern of fruit, accessing sanitation information had been included. According to them, the data were arranged in the excel sheet and calculated their percentage. Total questions numbers were 11 for the assessment of the personal sanitation. That was found to be just satisfactory by 57% for the personal sanitation. In case of the family sanitation status assessment, the status was found just lower than the average that is 49%. This has to be more assessed. On the other hand the college sanitation status was to be found 63% which is more than average. Other finding about the measures to improve the sanitation status in the country were waste management by highest 25%, providing awareness by 21%, proper education 16% and lesser extent in pollution control, improvement of the environment, discussion, management of transport, controlling of government, providing health education in the school etc.
Situation of healthful school environment
(Department of Health Education, 2022) Rai, Pratap Sing
The study entitled "Situation of Healthful School Environment"was conducted to explore the status of healthful school environment of government primary school in Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City.The healthful school environment provides a sound laboratory for teaching learning process and also affects the attitude and behavior of school personnel. The objective of the study were to explore the present condition of school plant in governmental primary school, to find out the sanitary practice for creating healthful school environment and to identify the management of physical facilities.The required data were collected from 10 schools by using the interview schedule and observation check list. Simple statistical techniques were used for the data analysis and interpretation. All of the schools had adequate own land and building. Some schools werelocated in peaceful environment and some schools were located in less peaceful environment. Building and classrooms were satisfactory because they were good condition. Similarly all the schools had own land and play ground but not sufficient for sports facilities. Some of the old schools have old types building which have no sufficient window and ventilations and others new buildings of the schools have well lightened and ventilation. There is also found lacking in proper care and conservation which school had the garden. The ratios between female and male teachers were not equal but it is satisfactory.Student ratio also increasing in year by year, it means the literacy rate is going increasing in day by day. Similarly, now a day most of parentsdo not discriminate between girls and boys. All most of the schools had availability of dustbins in the school areas. They were used dustbin both students and teacher. All of the schools were in satisfactory level of waste management.The majority of governmental primary school has not properly managed the drainage system of sewage. They did not care about the water after school whether it followed anywhere. Maximum school of Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City had sufficient availability of drinking water in the schools. Most of the schools had proper knowledge about purification of water but they didn't properly practice it VI in their behavior. Most of the school had separate toilet for boys and girls student and teachers. Most of the schools had not managed of canteen. Therefore, the school management committee, administrative personnel and other stakeholder should try to provision of cafeteria, similarly to prevent the problem of food fads sold by street vendors on the way and availability of room were sufficient in schools which help to deliver the better education in better environment. Due to the lack of appropriate land or court and sport teacher less variety of games facilities were available in the school.Every school has managed some type of sports facilities. However they were not sufficient for the round development of school's children.

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