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Discourse Analysis On‘The Martyr’
(Faculty of Education, 2021) Shrestha, Ishwar Kumar
This study Discourse Analysis on ‘The Martyr’ aims to analyze the cohesive andcoherence devices used in the story,‘The Martyr’.To make the unified and logicallyorganized language, cohesive devices and coherence play significant role. Consideringthis fact. I selected a story entitled ‘The Martyr” written by Vishnu S. Rai to carry outthis study. The objectives of the study were to find out the roles of cohesive devices andunderstanding the coherence roles for making the perfect combination between sentencesin the story. To carry out the research work, Icollected the necessary data from differentreliable sources like relatedbooks on discourse analysis, research work done in the fieldofit, views and notes of various scholars searched from websites. In course of identifyingthe cohesive devices andcoherence roles and analyzing them in the story, the whole storyhas been divided into 27 paragraphs and 187 sentences. Each cohesive device andcoherence role has been presented in tabulation form and pronouns prepositions,conjunctions, determiners, adverbs, nouns, interjections are the cohesive devices used inthe story. Similarly, sequential, situational, question-answer, cause-effect, clarification,rephrasing etc are the coherence role used in to story. Suchuse of cohesive devices andcoherence role hasmade the story unified and meaningful. This thesis work consists of five chapters in total. Chapter one consists of generalbackground, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, research questions,significance of the study and delimitation of the study. Chapter two deals with theliteraturereview. Similarly, the third chapter contains design of the study, data collectiontools and procedures and data analysis and interpretation produce. Then in the fourthchapter the whole story has been analyzed and interpreted. Each sentence of eachparagraph has been numbered and cohesive devices and coherence roles have beentabulated dividing them into 54 tables. For easy analysis and interpretation, some of thetables have been contracted and detailed tables have been presented in appendices. Thefifth chapter, the final one, consists of summary, conclusion and implication. At the end,reference and appendices are presented.
Knowledge and Practice of Safe Drinking Water
(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Dahal, Sarala
The study is centred to safe drinking water. The main objectives of the study is 'knowledge and practice of safe drinking water among the people of Budhi Ganga Tole, Ward No. 4, Itahari Sub-Metropolitan City, Sunsari. This study is based on descriptive research design. For the study only the primary data was used. 105 household were selected from the Census Method. This thesis is structured in five parts: the first part deals with the introduction of title and theoretical background, second part reviews the related literature of the relevant work , third part deals with the methodology of the study, fourth part deals with the analysis and interpretation of data, and fifth part deals with summary, finding conclusion and recommendations. In this community of 105 household, where 525 total population were ( 39.04% male population and 61.53% female population. 69% literate and 28.57% were illiterate; 36.19% received information about safe drinking water from text-books, 28.57% have got information from TV, 20% have got information from the radio. Among the respondents, 12.38% of them said the right meaning of water pollution, 18.09% of them told right meaning of safe drinking water. Of them, 75.23% use tube well water for drinking, 24.76% use tap water. Of them, 11.42% use public source and 88.7% use private source. Most of the respondents (51.14%) use plastic water pot, others (48.86%) use metal pots. 47.61 of them wash water pot only with water; 2.85% use unsafe water, and 42.47 boil, 19.8 don’t know any idea, 62.29% say the source is 'clear', 13% say they drink 4-5 litre of water per day. 84.76% have pit toilet, and 15.23% have ventilated toilet, 14.28% told they protect water from germs. 31.42% have knowledge about arsenic and 13.33% don’t know about arsenic. 1.90% says housewife to be responsible for safe drinking water and 48.57% say government should be responsible for safe drinking water, others (49.53%) say others (NGO/INGO, Community, etc.); 48.57% dispose dirty water in kitchen garden and 42.5 % dispose dirty water haphazardly. Local government needs to aware them to improve disposal of dirty water, harms of dirty water, and practicable encourage water purification methods.
Personal Hygiene and Sanitary Practice of School Children
(Faculty of Health Education, 2016) Dulal, Radha
The study entitled "Personal Hygiene Sanitary Practice of school children" was conducted in Sundardulari Municipality of Morang. The main objectives of the study were to find out the condition of personal hygiene identify the sanitary practice and the impact the lack of personal hygiene and sanitary of school children. All together 300 students between 1-10 class only one government school. This study was based on descriptive research design for the purpose of the study only the primary data's. Were used 300 students. Were selected from the simple random sampling techniques and researcher collected the data from interview and analyzed descriptively. At last finding and conclusion has been drawn. On the recommended and suggested also included in points. This thesis is structure in five parts. Those are introduction of the study reviews the related literature of the relevant work methodology of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, summary, finding, conclusion and recommendations. According to the study results, 63 percent cut their nails only once a week. Among them, all students brushed their teeth by the tooth brush and tooth paste and powder but only 50 percent students brushed once a day 8 percent students cleaned their eyes during the time of their face wash. Around 60 percent students washed their hair only occasionally and 68.3 percent students combed their hair daily. All of the students had bathing practice, but 15 percent students bathed only once a week. Similarly, all the students washed their clothes by the people of their parents. All of them were aware of washing their hands before and after taking eating and after using toilet too. From the study, it was found that the students were not completely aware of personal hygiene. From the study, it was found that the effect of poor personal hygiene 56.7 percent students said diarrhoea. Similarly 63.3 percent students said the person habit of people involve was the cause of personal hygiene and sanitary likewise 76.7 percent students were visit health post when they had problem of poor personal hygiene. The status of personal hygiene and sanitary practice of school children of Sajilal Higher Secondary School was not found excellent. They had no ideas about importance of personal hygiene and sanitation practice; it may be due to their age factors and insufficient guidance by the school. To avoid this miserable condition, the government should strongly include regular program on personal hygiene and sanitation in the curriculum and school should apply the curriculum properly. Government should strongly focus on the subject matter of personal hygiene and sanitary in the school curriculum. School health teacher should facilitate with the special health training and be refreshed time to time Regular health checkup program for the students should be conducted by the school collaboration with the health post of hospital.
Prevalence of Smoking and Level of Dependence among Eleven &Twelve Students
(Faculty of Education, 2018) Pokharel, Usha
Worldwide, tobacco consumption is not just one of the leading causeof preventabledeaths, its global economic burden is estimated to be around 1.4 trillion US Dollarstogether with lost productivity. Around 22% of the 15 years and old personsworldwide are reported to be current smokers. In Nepal it is reported to be around37.1%. However, the local data from Itahari is lacking. This study “prevalence of smoking and level of dependency among eleven & twelvestudents” was carried out. To determine how many students from the selected fiveschools (Janta secondary school,Sharda secondary school, Rastriya secondary school,Janasahayog secondary school and Mahendra secondary school) ever smoked in theirlife times and how many of them were currently smoking. Among those who smoked,it was also an objective to determine theage of the students at which they first eversmoked in their lifetimes. As it is known that different factors may influence theadolescents for smoking, factors such as parental smoking, smoking by siblings orteacher or peers were looked into. The topic was conceptualized as many school students were observed to be smokingand in many cases it is said that smoking continues in adulthood. The topic wasdiscussed with the guide and finalized. Protocol was made and the guide approved it.Permission was taken from the Janta Multiple Campus. A list of public schools wasobtained from the District Education Office and five schools were randomly selectedwith the lottery method. The concerned schools were contacted, explained about thestudy ad permission taken from the authorities of the school. Classes in the schoolswere also randomly selected. Verbal consent was taken from the student participantsafter explaining about the study in the classroom. Confidentiality of the students weremaintained. Data were recorded in Performa, transferred to Microsoft Excel Sheet,and presented in percentage, standard deviation, range and in tabular form.All the collected data were transferred into tabular form and interpreted. There was atotal of 200 participants from all selected schools, 100 students from class 11 and 100students from class 12. There were 81 students studying Faculty of Education, 80students studying Faculty of Management, 20 students studying Faculty of Science,and 19 students studying Faculty of Humanities. Among 200 students, 128 students(64%) were female and 72 students (36%) were male. Participant students’ age ranged from 16 to 19 years with 70% of the them being 16 and 17 years of age.Among respondent students 29.5% were Kshetri, 28.5% were Janajati, 23.5% wereBramhan, 18% were Madhesi and less than one percent were others. Sixty percent ofstudents belonged to nuclear family and 40% belonged to joint family. Thirty threepercent students lived with only one parent, 19% lived withboth parents, 9.5% livedwith relatives, 7.5% lived alone, and 4.5% lived with friends. There were 53.5% ofthe students from rural background and 46.5% from urban background. Thirty eightpercent of the students’ fathers were involved in farming, 20% in others, 13.5% ingovernment job (non-force), 13% in private sector, 11% in army or police, and 4.5%were unemployed. There were 46.5% of students’ mothers unemployed, 27% wereinvolved in farming, 16% in others, 6% in private sector, 4.5% in government job,and none of the mothers were working in army or police. Nearly half of the studentsperceived that their parents raised them with optimal discipline, 44% perceived thattheir parents raised them with strict discipline, and 6.5% perceived that their parentsdid no ensure discipline. Sixty five percent of the total students who participated inthe study reported no fights in the family and 35% reported fights in the family.Among all respondent students, 81% had faith in religion and 19% did not. Among200 students of 11 th and 12 th classes, 33 students (16.5%) tried smoking inlifetime and majority (83.5%) did not. Among 200 students, 29 students (14.5%)smoked cigarettes in last month. Around 86% did not smoke in last one month.Those students who ever-tried smoking, around 79% of them tried between 15 to 17years of age. Twelve percent started smoking at the age of 14 years. Three percentstarted smoking at the ages of 10, 13, and 18 years each. Nearly 30 % of the 200 students had someone in the family who smoked cigarettes.Twenty two percent of the students’ fathers, eight percent of the students’ mothers,ten percent of the students’ uncles, three percent of the students’ aunts, seven percentof the students’ elder brothers, around five percentof the students’ cousins smokedcigarette. Less than one percent of the students’ sisters smoked cigarette. Among 200students, only 25% of the any other relatives other than parents smoked cigarette inthe family. Nearly 24% of the close friends of thestudents smoked cigarette and 76%of students had between two to four friends who smoked. Sixteen percent of theparticipant students were offered cigarette by a close friend.
A Study about Knowledge and Practice of Safe Drinking Water
(Faculty of Health Education, 2015) Khadka, Durga
This study entitled “knowledge and practice regarding safe drinking water . The study has been carried out among the selected ward no. 3 of Pakali VDC.The General objective of this study was to find out the knowledge and practice of safe drinking water. However,specific objectives of the study were to identify the socio economic factors that determine the knowledge and practices of safe drinking water, to find out the knowledge about of safe drinking water among the people, to access the practice of the safe drinking water adopted bythe people. Primary data were collected from 102 household using simple random sampling method in Pakali VDC ward no.3 with structured and unstructured questionnaire. Data were collected by visiting Pakali VDC ward no. 3 and data were analyzed manually then data were presented in tables, figures and in percentage form on the basis of analyzed data; appropriate summary, conclusions and implication are presented at the end of the part of the study. The study tried to give clear information about knowledge and practice of safe drinking water of Sunsari district especially respondents of Pakali VDC ward no. 3.This study was not able to get knowledge and practice of safe drinking water as a whole VDC.Only 67.64 percent people had good knowledge and proper practice of safe drinking water in the study area. Infact, Safe drinking water is important not only for human being but also it is needed to other living creatures. The availability of safe drinking water directly or indirectly helps in the reduction of infant and child mortality rate and improve sound health of public as well. Such indicators improve public health related Human Development Index (HDI). Similarly,education is a major factor for proper utilization of safe drinking water and management of sanitation.The educational status of study area was found satisfactory but higher education condition was very poor over there. Among 102 respondents,48 percent respondents had good knowledge about water borne diseases, in the study area.The study gave focus on searching water resources, way of drinking water, protective way from disease and so on. Due to lack of awareness program and knowledge of safe drinking water instudy area almost all respondents were found using plain water (directly) instead of using various purification methods. So the people have suffered from water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Jaundice,Typhoid, Dysentery etc. This may be due to their poor condition of educational backgroundand lack of knowledge related to safe drinking water.Among the 102 respondents, only 11 percent respondents had got higher education. In conclusion, the knowledge and practice of safe drinking water in Sunsari district of Pakali VDC ward no. 3 was not very poor but not well in condition. Hence, it is necessary to aware such community. For this different NGOS,INGOS and Government agencies can launch the programs related to safe drinking water.
Verbal Affixation in Morangiya Tharu and English
(Faculty of Education, 2013) Chaudhary, Indra Narayan
The present study entitled, 'Verbal Affixation in Morangiya Tharu and English' has been carried out to identify the verbal affixes and the rules in Morangiya Tharu Language and also to find out the similarities and differences in verbal affixation in dialect of Morangiya Tharu and English. This research is based on the responses given by 40 native speakers of Morangiya Tharu.The researcher used the interview and questionnaire to elicit data from literate and illiterate people, respectively. On the basis of the collected data, the analysis has been done. After analysis, it was found that Morangiya Tharu Language has more number of verbal affixes in comparison to English and they are more complex then those of English. Both the Morangiya Language and English have more or less similar affixation system. This research study consists of four chapters. Chapter one deals with general background of contrastive analysis of morphology, verbal morphology, an overview of Morangiya Tharu language, word formation process in English. Similarly, verbal affixation in English, review of the related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study are also included inthis chapter. Chapter two deals with the methodology which is followed in the study. It consists of sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, research tool, process of data collection and limitation of the study. Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of data of verbal affixations of Morngiya Tharu and English. Chapter four deals with the findings and recommendations have been made for pedagogical implication.

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