Browsing by Subject "Foreign Employment"
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Item Cause and Effect of Foreign Employment (A Case Study of Mithukaram Vdc of Nawalparasi District)(Department Of Sociology, 2008) Kandel, Gyan RajLiterally, migration refers to phenomena and the process of moving of peoplefrom oneplace to another, such as crossing intra or international geographicalboundaries.Sociological studies of migration are diverse and usually form partof larger problems in (for example) research into kinship, social networks oreconomic development.Themotive for migration includes political, economic,social and environmental causes, which are based on different reasons. The migration for foreign labour has a long history in Nepal. It started evenbefore the first Nepali men travelled to Lahore in theearly 19 century to jointhe Indian army and even before the recruitment of the first Nepalese to theBritish 'Gurkhas' in 1815/16.After India's independence (1945 AD), both Britainand India have made separate arrangements for continuity of Gorkharecruitment. The migration of youth for foreign employment speedily increasedespecially after the restoration of multiparty democracy (B.S. 2047) andinduction of liberalization policy. vi th With the enactment of Foreign Employment Act, 1985 Nepalese started tomigrate beyond India particularly to the Gulf (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait,etc.) where oil boom has created massive demand for foreign labour. Similarly,in February 2001, the Malaysian government officially "opened" its labourmarket to Nepali workers. This study is aboutforeign employmentto different countries of the world. It is aknown fact that Nepali labour migrants are scattered around the world andmany of them are in India. It is estimated that the number of Nepalese migrantsare working 'Overseas', meaning beyond India that accounts 700,000.About fivepercent (35,000) of these are women. At least another 700,000 work in theprivate sector in India, and 2,50,000 in India's public sector. This micro level study on 'Cause and Effect of Foreign Employment', is confinedto 'Mithukaram' Village Development Committee of Nawalparasi district inWestern Development Region of Nepal. The main objectives of this study is to describe the causes and socio-economiceffects of the foreign employment of the study area. The study comprises 70returned emigrant workers representing all wards of the VDC and different casteand ethnic groups. All the emigrants foundto bemale. The majority of the people in the village do not have sufficient land, despitebeing farmer, as a main source of earning the livelihood. All the representedhouseholds are engaging in subsistence farming. Foreign employment or labormigration has been an important occupation among males in the village tomaintain the household. Remittance is used for immediate food and otherhousehold requirements, pay debt, buy new lands and houses. There are various push and pull factors for foreign employment. In recent years,the volume (trend) of labour migration has increased due to increasingpopulation pressure, unemployment and prevailing political conflict.Item Causes and Effects of Foreign Employment (A study of returned Migrants of kohabara Vdc of jhapa District)(Department of population studies, 2008) Rijal, PrakashLiterally, migration refers to phenomena and the process of moving of people from one placeto another, such as crossing intra or international geographical boundaries. Demographicaland sociological studies of migration are diverse and usually form part of larger problems in(for example) research into kinship, social networks or economics development. The motivefor migration includes political, economics, social and environmental causes, which arebased on different reasons. The migration forforeign labour has a long history in Nepal. It started even before the firstNepali men traveled to Lahore in the early 19 v th century to join the Indian army andevenbefore the recruitment of the first Nepalese to the British 'Gurkhas' in 1815/16.After India'sindependence (1947AD.), both Britain and India have made separate arrangements forcontinuity of Gorkha recruitment. The migration of youth for foreign employment rapidlyincreasedespecially after the restoration ofmultiparty democracy (B.S. 2046) and inductionof liberalization policy. With the enactment of Foreign Employment Act, 1985 Nepalese started to migrate beyondIndia particularly to the Gulf (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, etc.) where oil boom hascreated massive demand for foreign labour. Similarly, in February 2001, the Malaysiangovernment officially "opened" its labour market to Nepali workers. This study is about foreign employment to different countries of the world. It is a known factthat Nepali labour migrants are scattered around the world and many of them are in India. Itis estimated that the number of Nepalese migrants are working 'Overseas', meaning beyondIndia that accounts 700,000. About five percent (35,000) of these are women. At leastanother 700,000 work in the private sector in India, and 2, 50,000 in India's public sector. This micro level study on Cause and Effect of Foreign Employment', is confined to KohabaraVillageDevelopment Committee of Jhapa district in Eastern Development Region of Nepal.The main objective of this study is to describe the causes and socio-economic effects of theforeign employment of the study area. The study comprises 75 returned emigrants workersrepresenting all wards of the VDC and different caste and ethnic groups. All the emigrantsfound to be male. The majority of the people in the village do not have sufficient land, despite being farmer, asa main source of earning the livelihood. All the represented households are engaging insubsistence farming. Foreign employment of labour migration has been an importantoccupation among males in the village to maintain the household. Remittance is used forimmediate food and other household requirements, pay debt, buy new lands and houses. There are various push and pull factors for foreign employment. In recent years, the volume(trend) of labour migration has increased due to increasing population pressure,unemployment and prevailing political conflict.Item Consumption Pattern of Remittances in Magapauwa VDC, Dolakha District(Department of Economics, 2015) Shrestha, Uma MayaNot AvailableItem Contribution of Remittance in Rural Poverty Reductiona Case Study of Bhingri Vdc, Pyuthan District(Faculty of Rural Development, 2017) Rokaya, Ram ChandraThe present thesis entitled "Contributionof remittance in RuralPovertyReduction: A Case studyof Bhingri VDC ofPyuthanDistrict is the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree ofmaster of art in Rural Development. The general objective of the study is to examine thecontribution of the general poverty scenario. Analyze the nature the extent of remittance incomeand impact of remittanceincome in the household in Rural Poverty Reduction. The present study was conducted in the area of foreign remittance with special emphasis on theRole of remittance onruraleconomy. For the Propose of the study. The researchers analyzed theRural Economy of those rural household whose members were living abroad and sendingremittance to their families. For thepresent research, a sample of 63households was selected byusing the Technique of Systematicsampling methods. The tool for data collection was interviewsschedule because in rural areas. Mostly people were illiterate and less educated. After datacollection the analysis was done manually. For the analysis of the data, tables, frequencies andpercentage were used. The expenditure pattern of sample households indicates that remittance earning is mostly beingused for non-productive areas such as in real estate and household consumption. This studyrevealed that there is no significant impact of remittance in the establishment of businesses andsaving in bank by employee households. This trend need immediate amend by bringingappropriate policy measures to encourage remittance recipient households to use their money inproductive areas. .The finding of the study revealed the foreign remittance greatly influences theruraleconomy of the emigrant's families and improve their living standard andruraleconomy affairs. It was foundthat majority of the respondents 57 percent emigrants were married and most of theemigrant'sfamilies depended upon remittance. Migration rate was increased during last fiveyears as 36 Themain medium to get foreign employment was worker agency with 57.40 percent and they areexploiting because of lack of knowledge. Both government and employee should aware about it.The source of financing for foreign employment from loan is 68.51 percent, it shows that foreignemployee is extremely poor and their access in financial sector is very low. In this situation,government should implement poverty reduction programmer and increase financial access. Percentpeople were migrated. Relationship of the emigrants families were changed with theirrelatives after emigration because of a positive change inrural economy reduction of emigrant'sfamilies. If we see social economic impact of remittance than we come to know that emigrant'sfamilies totally changed their life style after emigration and they spent remittance on purchasedproperty and business. Results show that migration do not have on impact only on Ruraleconomy of the emigrant's families but also greatly influences the societies decision makingregarding important family matters was also found to be in the hands of the management ofchildren education was mainly in the hands of the wives. Most of the families i.e. 85percentchanges in the economic aspect most of their income was being spent on meeting basic need,education and payingoff debtsetc. Finally, this case study of remittance in Bhingri VDC, which is the important current issueofnation, is very significant, while the study is conducted in small and may not be sufficient togeneralize for the whole national level about labor migration. By study, i m confidents that it willbe certainly beneficial to the people of Bhangri VDC andcountryItem Division of Labor on the Basis of gender in Household sphere (A Sociological Study of Palungtar Municipality Ward No. 10,Gorkha)(Department of Sociology, 2017) Thapa, SamjhanaDivision of labor on the basis of gender in household sphere is a sociological study ofPalungtar Municipality wards no 10, Gorkha. Statement of the problem is division oflabor between men and women. To find out the responsible factors for the condition oflabor between male and female in household sphere, to find out the gender situation, arethe major objectives of the study. Where as this study helps to facilitate other researcherswho want to study on the subject of other gender related issues of study area and thefinding of the study will be helpful for other researchers to make comparative study of thesame study area, after some years, to find out change. This study also had some limitation.This study is based on small sample size and the divisions of labor of Palungtarmunicipality ward no 10, Gorkha district. It doesn’t generalize to the whole nation. Various tool and technique are applied in the study to find out the appropriate result. Theresearch area of the study is Palungtar Municipality ward no 10 in Gorkha District. Tillthe time the researcher, not found any study in the same topic. Both Primary andsecondary data are used but emphasis given to primary data. Household built in Ward No.10 is the universe. From the 149 household, 96 has been selected as sample throughrandom sampling. Interview schedule, focus group discussion and case study are the datacollection method. . Quantitative data are presented via table, pie-chart, bar-diagram,percentage as required where qualitative data are analyzed through descriptive method. Major findings of the study are, among the 96 household 37.5% family are in joint familyand 62.5% are in nuclear family. There are 85.41% Hindus, 5.20% Buddhist, 7.30%Christian and 20.9% Muslims. Most of the people of the study area used Nepali languageas their communicative language where very few speak their own cultural language. It isalso found women’s literate rate is found less than the men’s. In economic resources malefound active and women are found depended upon them. Analysis of labor division in the family is determined by age, gender, educational status and health condition. People arebenefited from the labor division in various ways in the family such as economic help, fastand efficient, responsibility as well as skill and capacity development. Perception betweenson and daughter is found 58.34% for son and 41.66% for daughter in the study area. It isfound that 31.25% response on child bearing and family planning after 1 year where as41.67% after two years and 27.08% on understanding between family members. SimilarlyIt is also found that 47.91% of women are involved in household work where 21.87% ofmen and 30.20% both male and female does work together As per the objective of the study it concluded, economy, education, opportunity andfunctional structure are the major factors responsible for division of labor. Women arelagging in decision making process, foreign employment, skill development program butare superior in house hold chores. Women are getting less opportunity in most of thesocio-economic (women employment, politics, family planning etc ) system but the conceptis being supportive to women via various training, skill development program andawareness program.Item The Economic Diplomacy of Nepal: From FY 2000/01 to FY 2008/09(Department of Economics, 2009-09) Adhikari, AshokNot AvailableItem Economic Implications of Foreign Employment and Inward Remittance Business In Nepal(Faculty of Management, 2009) Upadhaya, UjjwalNot AvailableItem Economic Implications of Foreign Employment and Inward Remittance Business in Nepal(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2014-03) Basnet, Bhanu BhaktaAvailable with full text.Item Foreign Employment and Remitance in Piple Vdc, Tehrathum District(2017) Luitel, Dilli RamNot availableItem Foreign Employment and Remittance in Nepal:Trend Analysis (FY1996/97-2010/11)(Faculty of Economics, 2013) Bhusal, Amar NathThis study entitled‘‘Foreign Employment and Remittance in Nepal: Trend Analysis(1996/97-2010/2011)’’has been carried out in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Economics. The study analyzes the trend of foreign employment and remittance in Nepal.For this purpose secondary data have been gathered. The data for this study have been collected through annual reports, journals, economic survey and related publications.These data have been presented in tables, figures, percentage and ratio. Correlation analysis has been computed to clarify the facts under study. The trend line and diagrams are also useful to justify the objectives under study. During the study period, foreign employment has become a major contributor to increase income in the economy of Nepal. The number working abroad has been increased from 3259 to 384665 maintaining positive growth rate in comparison to previous FY except in FY 2008/09.Despite the country has opened the door for 108countries, Malaysia, Middle East were the major destination of Nepalese job seekers.The amount of remittance has increased from Rs 2938 million to Rs 259.5billionduring the study period which shows the growing importance of foreign employment. The average remittance to GDP ratio during the study period is found to be 13.2 that show the importance of remittance to overall economic activities of the country. The correlation coefficient of the setwo variables is found to be 0.62, which shows that the closer relationship between these variables. Consumption has sharply increased and becomeabout Rs1257.2 billion in FY 2010/11 along with remittance clears linkage between these two variables .Both poverty and remittance basically rural variables that have strong association in Nepal. Poverty level has decreased from 30.85 percent in FY 2003/04 to 25.16 percent in FY2010/2011.Such achievement would not be possible without upsurge of remittance in rural Nepal. In FY 2009/10, remittance-CFE ratio become 61.6 percent shows the importance of remittance on CFE availability of the country. Various policies have been launched by the government to manage foreign employment sector well in its budget speech, periodic plans,employment related laws etc. The government should emphasize effective implementation of existing policies rather than to run for making only new policies.Item Foreign Employment and Workers’ Remittances in Nepal(Faculty of Management, 2011) Bhattarai, Hari PrasadNot AvailableItem Impact of Foreign Employment (A Case Study of Migrants of Banganga VDC of Kapilvastu District)(Department of Population Studies, 2013) Paudel, SaraswatiLiterally, migration refers to phenomena and the process of people from one place to another, such as crossing intra or international geographical boundaries.Population studies of migration are diverse and usually from part of larger problems in (for example) research into kinship, social networks or economic development. The motive for migration includes political, economic, social andenvironmental causes, which are based on different reasons. The micro level study on ‘Impact of Foreign Employment’ is confined to Banganga Village Development Committee of Kapilvastu district in Western Development Region of Nepal. The main objective of this is to describe the causes and socio-economic effects of the foreign employment of the study area. The study comprises 105 emigrants’households representing three wards of the VDC and different caste and ethnicgroups. The majority of the people in the village do not have sufficient land, despite being farmer, as a main source of earning the livelihood. All the represented household sare engaging in subsistence farming. Foreign employment or labor migration has been an important occupation in the village to maintain the household. Remittance is used for immediate food and other household requirements, pay debt, buy new land and houses. There are various factors for foreign employment. In recent years, the trend of labor migration has increased due to increasing population pressure,unemployment and prevailing political conflict.Item Impact of Foreign Employment and Remittance in Socio-Economic Status: A Case Study of Attariya Municipality of Kailali District(2017) Kunwar, UttamNot availableItem Labour Diplomacy Of Nepal: A Study Of Qatar, Saudi Arabia And United Arab Emirates(Department Of International Relation & Diplomacy, 2020-08) Mainali, Pawan KumarDiplomacy is the means by which States throughout the world conduct their affairs in ways to ensure peaceful relations. The main task of individual diplomatic services is to safeguard the interests of their respective countries abroad. Labour diplomacy refers to "the endorsement of migrant labour issue in a state's foreign policy". Labor diplomacy has a particularly important role to play in providing the information, insights and analyses required to maximize the advantages and minimize the weaknesses in job markets. It is an important means to promote national interest and economic diplomacy. Labor diplomacy helps to provide an assessment of the economic conditions faced by migrant labour and to identify factors that can contribute to resolve the problem. Labor diplomacy also provides a framework for developing tools to combat these problems. Nepal has a long history of foreign labour migration. Migration flows from Nepal to rest of the world has become an important and debatable issue in the economic, political and social affairs of the country. Nepal's economy today depends largely on migrant workers. In this context, a migrant labour are facing numerous problems while they migrate for foreign employment in the country of destination. Most of the migrant in the gulf states are working in vulnerable situations without any effective legal protection by the Nepalese government and the receiving countries government. There is a big necessity of addressing the issues of international labour migration from the policy level. Therefore, this study is focused on the evaluation of the existing government policies and programs for the regulation of international labour migration in the three major (UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar) foreign employment destination of the Nepali migrant workers of the gulf states. This study is focused on the analysis of policy and initiatives adopted by Nepalese government to enhance labour diplomacy. This study has approached to identify the major problems of international labour migrants in the major their Gulf States and government initiatives to systematize labour migrants via labour diplomacy as well. International provisions are found very sound and applicable to protect the rights of migrant workers but governments in both sending and receiving countries does not seem sincere to the domestication of the spirit of international instruments, conference recommendations and plan of action. So, the current need is for more effective migration management to reduce the vulnerabilities of migrant workers and safeguard the rights of migrant workers. The issue and problem of international labour migration needs to be addressed at the policy level, which could assist in promoting safe migration and management of labour migration in an effective way .Thus ,this study also aims to highlights the national and international promotional policy and instruments regarding foreign employment and rights of the migrant workers. Labor diplomacy continues to have a very important role to play in governing international labour migration. Effective labor diplomacy contributes significantly to fulfil goals of Nepal's foreign policy. Although there are thousands of migrant workers currently residing in gulf and working in a very vulnerable situations. This study has covered the status of labour diplomacy of Nepal on top three major destination of the Gulf States excluding others.Item Role of Remittance on Poverty Reduction: A case study of Deumai Municpality-6 of Ilam District(Department of Rural Development, 2021) Rai, BharatThis study entitled "Role of Remittance on Poverty Reduction" A Case Study of Deumai Municipality-6,Ilam district was conducted with the objectives of analyze the role of remittance in rural livelihood, access the contribution of remittance in poverty reduction in rural area and analyze the factors related to the use of remittance in Deumai Municipality-6,of Ilam District. This study is mainly based in the primary information and the data were collected using the techniques of household survey with the help of questionnaire and interview. Improvement in the foreign migrant workers households going for better health check up in private hospital and started to sent their children in school, colleges and universities after receiving the remittance in the study area. From the study area we can conclude that all the households who were receiving remittance are getting benefit. Their access to health and education and economy has increased. Likewise it also helps in net saving. The remittance is not using properly in productive sector if the households properly invest in productive sector it will help to develop rapidly which helps in rural development. All households were very positive towards remittance income. In the study area, remittance income has become an effective approach in reducing the poverty. The living standard of the people is gradually changing. People are now gettingthe proper health facilities and their educational status is also gradually increasing. The income of the family has been raised up ultimately uplifting the living standard of the people living under the poverty line. Some recommendation from our side like the income coming from remittance should be utilized in productive sector like business, agriculture, etc. there should be some vocational training institution in the local area for their skill development and so on. Result of the study suggests that remittance helps to reduce rural poverty and helps in rural development.Item Situation of Foreign Employment And Remittance in Nepal A Case Study of Mangalbare Vdc, Illam District Nepal(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013-06) Ghimire, Bed PrasadNot available.Item Situation of Foreign Employment and Remittance in Nepal A Case Study of Mangalbare VDC, Illam District Nepal(Department of Economics, 2013) Ghimire, Bed PrasadNot AvailableItem Socio-economic contribution of remittance in Chhedagad municipality(Department of Economics, 2023) Rokaya, BhupendraThis research work is the analysis of the socio-economic contribution of remittance in Chhedagad Municipality. The study assesses how the remittance income contributes the social and economic condition of the rural household people in the study are. Remittance is considered as the major component which has direct as well as indirect impact on macroeconomic indicators. It is a micro level study, this study analyzed the socio-economic difference between remittance receiving households (RRHH) and remittance non-receiving households (RNRHH) of three selected ward of Chhedagad Municipality, Jajarkot. The socio-economic difference between RRHH and RNRHH has been analyzed into mainly two indicators that is household income and expenditure. It was found that 62 percent of household used their remittance income on daily household expenses, 16 percent used in loan repayment, 20 percent in purchasing land and only 2 percent in social activities.The average expenditure of remittance receiving household on education, health, fooding and clothing was 6.2 percent, 11.34 percent, 20 percent and 12.09 percent respectively more than that of nonreceiving household. It was found that the mean difference of income from food crops was Rs. 6,400, income from cash crops was Rs. 3,000, income from animal product was Rs. 5,100 between RRHH and RNRHH. The average remittance income was Rs.4,04,000 in 2021. This study suggests that the government needs to reduce the high cost incurred for migration; promote remittance income into productive sectors of the economy including small and micro enterprises through financial intermediaries; set up a separate bank for providing loans for foreign employment; provide skill development training before going to abroad and provide opportunities to utilize newly learnt skills from foreign employment. If remittance and other resources are properly managed through policy programs, the economy has now reached the stage from where we can expect sustained growth and development with further reduction in poverty and inequality in coming years.Item Socio-Economic Impact of Labour Migration in Thulipokhari Vdc of Parbat District(Central Department of Economics, 2008) Sharma, Kamala KumariNot availableItem A Study on Foreign Employment and Inward Remittance Business in Nepal(Faculty of Management, 2010) Thapa, MahalaxmiNot available