Browsing by Subject "History"
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Item Blurring of the Demarcation between History and Fiction in Andrew O'Hagan's Our Fathers(Department of English, 2007) Gautam, SantoshInOur Fathers, by fictionalizing the historical events, O'Hagan has suggested that, history, after being expressed in the form of words, can be viewed as a fictional entity. The novel dramatizes the housing history of twentieth century Scotland and portrays the lives of fictional Bawn family in the context of twentieth century Scotland. Doing so O'Hagan has succeeded to confute history as evolution and to blur the demarcation between history and fiction.Item Countering the Apartheid History in Nadine Gordimer's My Sons's Story(Central Department of English, 2018) Sapkota, MunaNot AvailableItem Dream as an Alternative History in Langston Hughes’s Selected Poems(Department of English, 2016) Budhathoki, SushmitaThis proposed paper aims to explore dream as an alternative history in Langston Hughes’ selected poems, “Harlem: A Dream Deferred”, “Dream Variations”, “Dreams”, “Dreams Boogie”, “I Continue to Dream”, “I Dream a World” and “The Dream Keeper”. This thesis also analyzes the historical connotation of African American revolution that attracts Hughes mind to tackle on the issues of the blacks. As the voice of the blacks was suppressed and muted, Hughes endeavors to raise voice on behalf of the blacks through literature. Hughes inaugurates a world of dream which becomes an alternative history for the blacks because the unsayable can be said through fantasy or dreams. The dream of the blacks is all about fantasy and imagination where they blacks imagined their colorful life with home, fraternity and freedom. The close observation of dream as motif in his poems serves as an alternative history when examined from the point of view of New Historicism. Keywords: Dream, Imagination, History, New HistoricismItem Existential Approach to George Eliot'sThe Mill on the Floss(Faculty of English, 2010) Baral, Chet BhaktaNot AvailableItem Fictionalization of History in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Everything is Illuminated(Department of English, 2017) Suhang, LaxmiUsing the theory of new historicism as conceptualized by Michael Foucault and Stephen Greenblatt, this research explores new history i.e. discursive and constructed phenomenon in the novel Everything is Illuminated. This research probe intothe unreliable character Alex, one eyed i.e. living with his grandfather in Ukraine. He narrates the incidents in broken English with several discontinuities. Alex presents a dreary, hellish picture of Ukraine of the late 1960's. However, he withdraws hisown narration in the curse of novel. He even claims that he is not sure about the incidents of World War II and holocaust. Throughout the unreliable narrative of Alex Foer deconstructs the traditional notion of history as the matter of facts and he claimsthat history is the matter of fabricated power politics Keywords:History, Linearity, Fragmentation, Holocaust, Jews, Memory, DeceptionItem Fictionalization of History in Stephen Chobsky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower(Department of English, 2018) Adhikari, SusandeshPresentresearch efforts to search the fictional natureofhistory utilizing the newhistoricism as conceptualized by Michel Focault and Stephen Grenblat.This research casts light on how history is discursive and constructed phenomenonin Chobsky'snovelThePerks of Being Wallflower.This research probes into the unreliable character Charlie, one-eyed Jew living In America. He narrates the incidents in broken English with several discontinuities. Charliepresents a dreary, hellishpicture of America of the early 1990s.However, he withdraws his own narration in the course of novel. He even claims that he is not sure about the incidents happened in his life because he is suffering from mentalillness. Throughout the unreliable narrative of Charlie, Chobsky deconstructs the traditional notion of history as the matter of facts and he claims that history is the matter of fabricated power politics. Keywords:History, Discourse, Fictionalization, Knowledge, Perspective, Truth, HolocaustItem Fictionalization of Kennedy‟s Assassination: A New Historicist Reading of DeLillo‟s Libra(2016-04) Gharti, TekendraThis research looks into the way facts and findings about the assassination of former American president, J. F. Kennedy are represented in a subjective and subtle way. DeLillo does not remain loyal to the objective findings pertaining to the case of assassination. He is simply interested to produce a subjective, thrilling and romanticized version of history. Historical finding and its objectivity appeal less to the author. In Libra, Oswald appears to be the assassin who kills the president out of the romantic sense of thrill. Oswald is impressed by the bulk of publicity stunt, glamour and coverage given by the then American media. Kennedy's nuance of handling and using American media on decisive moment makes the whole media loyal to him. The attachment between media and Kennedy takes a legendary form. Any person who wants to thrive in his or her field should know from Kennedy how to use media to the utmost extent. Media personnel also know that under Kennedy's tenure, media has known how much media can flourish. The hallo that shines at Kennedy back turns out to be the root cause of his untimely end. Tempted by this hallo, Oswald surmises how much attention media lavishes on him if he kills Kennedy. The history of assassination is a product of a silly and deranged mind's distorted longing. The objective history tells that the assassination is a plotting of Cuban dictator or it is a product of disgruntled CIA officers. History is not as serious as analysts claim to be. It can be the byproduct of silly and vainglorious minds. In this regard, it is obvious that Libra is a thick analysis.Item Fictionalizing History in Salman Rushdie's The Enchantress of Florence(Department of English, 2011) Basnet, Jaya RamSalman Rushdie'sThe Enchantress ofFlorence(2008) is a novel which dissolves history as the matter of facts. By exposing how history hides its fiction and highlights its fact to meet their subjective goal, Rushdie aims at establishing fictitious matters to construct history. In the novelThe Enchantress of Florence,Rushdie has fictionalized the history of the hedonistic Mughal Capital, in which the brilliant Akbar the Great wrestles daily with questions of belief, desire, and the treachery of his sons, and the equally sensual Machiavelli takes a starring role as he learns, the hard way , about the true brutality of power. The study highlights a reconstructing of traditional history through Rushdie's art of writing back of the history of Mughal Empire in the mould of new historical scenario. Rushdie has written the history of the imperial power of Mughal Empire in fictional form highlighting the concept that all historical accounts are narratives. The way Rushdie reconstructs the official recorded history is that all historical analysis is unavoidably subjective inThe Enchantress of Florence. This is a qualitative research fully based on secondary resource i.e. several reviews in national dailies, reputed magazines, online exploration, libraries research, instruction of guides and recent research drafts carried out on this novelhave beenindispensable sources for the thesis, different interviews with the novelist by the different national & international newspapers which explores full-fledged outstanding in order toconclude thatRushdie’sversion of fiction is a twisted, a rewriting and redefined history.Item Formation of Yoruba Cultural Identity in Soyinka'sDeath and The King's Horseman and TheStrong Breed(Department of English, 2018) Jha, Rupesh KumarThis thesis studies how Yoruba cultural identity has been formed in Soyinka's Death and the King's HorsemanandThe StrongBreed.The study reveals Soyinka's representation of the contemporary religious condition with the people of Nigeria that relates with Yoruba culture. Soyinka shows the culture which consists the identity of Yoruba religious. The religious' turbulanceis prominent factor in Nigeria which is also known to be the part of Africa inDeath and the King's Horseman. Elesin returns for retaining the culture for the place of his father where he is ready for sacrifice. Similarly, inThe Strong Breed,Eman is exiled from other culture and after returning from other culture, he goes for carriertogive sacrificebeforethatheisbeingexiledin his own culture by saying that native people cannot give bread. Soyinka represents cultural identity with the help ofboth dramas. On one hand, characters arepreserving their native land and showing the glorification of culture on the other hand, it is also about the obsession of sacrifice that points through the activities of Eman and Elesin. For the sake of culture both come from other culture to give the sacrifice. Meanwhile, Elesin was in England when his father named Olunde was fighting with westerners for sacrifice and inThe Strong Breed, the protagonist named Eman was exiled from her own culture and the communityselected Ifada for Breed but Eman fight with the people of that community.Item Genocidal Violence in Ishmael BeahA Long Way Gone(Department of English, 2022) Subedi, SureshThis thesis analyzes genocidal violence and traumain Ishmael Beah’sALong Way Goneandfurtherexploresthe way genocidal violence becomes the main reason of a person’s traumatic sufferings.The researcher investigatesa life of child soldier who is victim and the perpetrator at the same time.This paper is all aboutcapturing thetraumatic experiences of Beahwhich isthe result of war and genocidal violence and the way he deals with the trauma to cope up.Theresearch paper explores genocidal violence and trauma in relating to one another.To support the research claim, theresearcherborrowstrauma theoryforwarded by DominickLaCapraand Cathy Caruth.This paper works under LaCarpa’s denial, acting out andworking through in order to describe Ishmael Beah’s traumatic experiences. Keywords:War,Genocide, Trauma,History, Child Soldier, MemoirItem Magic Realism in Laura Restrepo’s The Dark Bride(2014) Chaudhary, SamitaIn the novel The Dark Bride, Laura Restrepo interweaves the real and fantasies in such a way that it blurs the border between history and fiction, and the past and the present. This sort of admixture of real and fantasy is reflected basically in the portrayal of characters, settings and the incidents of the novel. Restrepo has used the technique of magic realism especially to raise the voice of silenced and marginalized ones by re-narrating the Columbian history in a fictionalized form. In the novel, the main character Amanda is shown as a traumatized character who hides her real identity at first and disguises as a girl. She comes to La-Catunga to make her new identity by engaging in prostitution. And she gets the name „Sayonara‟, which in Japanese means a „good-bye‟ or a „farewell‟. So symbolically it is a farewell to her traumatic past. The novel starts with the arrival of the mysterious girl Sayonara in La Catunga and ends with the departure of her with the hallucinated figure of the Payanes to whom she loves. But the personal story of Sayonara in the novel is embedded with the history of 1940s of the Columbia. Along with the use of the various elements of magic realism like sense of mystery, real-history-world setting, trauma and memory, post-colonial political critique, Restrepo also explores the border narrative through the technique of magic realism and succeeds in raising the voice of marginalized and colonized ones.Item Master of History (Smester Programme)(Curriculum Development Center, TU, 2014) History Subject CommitteItem Politics of Myth and History in Derek Walcott’s Omeros(Department of English, 2020) Shrestha, HeenaTo read Derek Walcott’s epic Omeros is to focus on its representation of myth and history to narrate the story of St. Lucia with reference to the history of wars and slavery, and to relate mythical references with common people of St. Lucia. This research analyzes the politics behind the use of myth and history of Caribbean by using alternative modernity vis-a-vis Caribbean discourse. Through mythical references, Walcott revives the native history of St. Lucia as an alternative to Western modernity resulted by the history of imperialism. This research concludes that Walcott, in this epic, valorizes the rich cultural heritage of St. Lucia and highlights the significance of ancestral heritage and the need of cultural revival against the domination of Western culture.Item Postmodern Recovery of History in A. S. Byatt's Possession: A Romance(Central Departmental of English, 2010) Katuwal, Ganesh BahadurThere are two stories running parallel in A. S. Byatt’sPossession: A Romance. First,inthe present time, where two Harvard academicians,Roland Mitchell and Dr. Maud Bailey getindulgedin a project to discover the writings and life of a Victorian poet,Randolph Henry Ash.Second, in the course of their research, the academicians unearth the love storyof poet Ash with Christabel LaMotte, a contemporary poet of his time. Poet Ash, according to the established notion was leading a content life with his family, and was not engaged in any untoward incidents and affairs. However, the discovery by Roland and Maud that Ash was involved in a serious love affair with Christabel was sure to compel historians to re-examine the Victorian history. These two parallel plots in the novel,makea point of departure from the traditional aspect of reading history. As such, it is essential to re-read the past events from memory aspect, a post-modern way of re-examining the lost history based on events and issues that were ignored because of relatively lesser importance.Item Projection of Excluded History in Mo Yan’s Red Sorghum(Central Department of English, 2015) Pokhrel, Gopal PrasadThis research entitled “Projection of Excluded History in Mo Yan’s Red Sorghum” examines the contribution of neglected and sidelined people who fought against Japanese invasion in China. The novel concentrates on its central character, Yu Zhan’ao, whose thought, behavior and life in totality reflect how even a bandit contributed for the sake of motherland, inspired by his wife Dai. The struggle made by the bandits and women during the Sino-Japanese War was quite pervasive; yet, it was sidelined by the mainstream history of China. As the novel depicts, the protagonists are engulfed in a terrible impasse, conditioned by both external and internal circumstances and compelled to be united for the sake of their identity. So, with the help of the notion of genealogical history of Michel Foucault, the present dissertation digs out buried and marginalized people’s contribution in making the real Chinese history. Thus, the outcome of the work proves Mo Yan’s Red Sorghum as a counter historical work of art in Chinese literature.Item Representation of Contemporary Afghan History in Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns(Department of English, 2019) Joshi, PramodThis research intends to investigate Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns from the perspective of New Historicism, focusing on the historicity of text. This paper concludes that the novel reflects on history through the reconstruction of historical events.Hosseini re-examines the history of Afghanistan in about 30-year wars from a new perspective and with a new discourse.The novel represents the plight of the people of Afghanistan in the aftermath of the cold war and the deprived identities of people when the struggle reaches a nightmarish level.Hosseini's work becam a medium to understand Afghan culture and tradition.This novel coincides with the main points of New Historicism, based on which thesis attempts to analyse the historical background, the themes and the characters of the novel.Item Scampering Spaces: A Heterotopic Reading of Hanumandhoka Durbar Square(Central Department of English, 2015) Adhikari, MegharajThe Hanumandhoka Durbar Square (HDS) has been established as a monument in the history of Nepal. With time, the HDS changes and adapts. The dominant spatial action in the HDS utilizes the Heterotopias to isolate the objects, activities and individuals that are considered strange in order to maintain the originality and stability of the dominant art and cultural forms. Heterotopias help maintain the spatial stability as a self-organizing system. The HDS provides shifting sites of reflection and distance within the system that increases the capacity of the HDS to change and adapt over time. Therefore, a better understanding of modern heterotopia is essential for a better understanding of how the spaces like the HDS changes and adapts over time despite various interventions caused by the natural disasters like the earthquake. This research proposes and examines that scampering features of space utilize control mechanisms and maintain the originality of the spatial practice and its performativity in heterotopic forms. Conservation of the HDS as human property by UNESCO is just a safeguarding of the outer structure yet it cannot prevent the destructions and interventions. What remains intact and steady is the local people's contact with the HDS. The art, literature and the cultural performances are the vital forces to retain the memory of the space more than the UNESCO's conservation does. Hence, the public's contact with the HDS retains the original memory of the space despite of the realizedvarieties in it.The cultural understanding is employed to maintain the stability of the HDS. However, with time, there is evidence that the heterotopia itself will reconfigure in its present form due to various reasons like the natural disaster. Therefore, the spaces keep scampering in the HDS site.Item Slavery and Romantic Imagination in The History of Mary Prince and The Interesting Narrative of The Life of Olaudh Equiano(Central Department of English, 2015) Acharya, JagadishThis research is the study of two slave narratives by different writers from the perspective of romanticism. In the slave narratives, The History of Mary Prince, and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudh Equiano, the pervading romantic notion of individual freedom appears to be the sole and whole cause of the rise of abolitionist movement. In the popular romantic discourses, the orientation towards individual freedom and critique of social as well as institutional restriction are emphasized. The romanticists’ vision of individual freedom and social reform pave the way for the abolition of slavery, servitude and bondage of social restriction. In The History of Mary Prince, the narrator is steadily aware of the value and significance of liberty even in the condition of extreme misery. Right from her childhood, when she sees other people struggling for freedom from slavery, she grows acutely aware of liberty. The torture and punishment which she receives from her different slave holders implant in her a firm sense of freedom from slavery. She tries her level best to earn her freedom but none of her slaver holder allows her to buy her freedom. Her contact with various free women who go to church takes her from the bondage of slavery to the sunshine of freedom. It is in the church that she meets several free citizens who educate her about her value and necessity of freedom. After marrying a free black man she becomes hopeful that one day she will ultimately get freedom. When Prince surveys nature, and various creatures enjoying freedom, she asks herself why she cannot enjoy freedom like other creatures. The same is the condition of Equiano. Equiano moves from one place to the other in the course of following whosoever master buys him. He sees many black slaves buying their freedom with the money they saved by working overtime in the plantations of other workers. Equiano gets plenty of money through trade and commerce with which he gets freedom from the clutch of slavery.Item Subaltern Consciousness: Awakening of Black Self in Paul Beatty’s The Sellout(Department of English, 2018-12) Joshi, Keshab PrasadThis thesis entitled“Subaltern Consciousness: Awakening of Black Self in Paul Beatty’s novel The Sellout” focuses on the strategy of the author to reinstate slavery system and segregation for revitalization of the past black history of slavery and segregation; which is bitter but an agency to resist against remaining forms of new-slavery. There is not legally slavery system but black people are marginalized and harassed by white people. Even though, they are not legally slave but in the mindset of the white people, black are racially discriminated and still remains slavery system.The conscious characters in the novel revolt against the racial discrimination. It portrays the issues of black subaltern people like racial discrimination, police violence, loss of history and their black identity. It explores the problem of black people through the eyes of protagonist, the marginalized unnamed black narrator. The major characters of the novel belong to the dominated class where the unnamed narrator has lost his father at the hands of Los Angeles police; his hometown city Dickens also deleted from the map.Hominy Jenkins is the star in the local ethnic T.V. show Little Rascals and his cultural identity is lost due to the disappearance of the city.Beatty’s novel reveals the awakening consciousness of black people towards racial discrimination, cultural identity and resistance as a strategy to re-establish cultural and historical way of black history which is lost in America. The narrator realizes about the identity of black people and wants to revolt against the system ruled by white supremacy. He uses the strategy of keeping slave and segregating the public bus and government high schools to get the identity of Dickensian hood or black hood.