Browsing by Subject "Human civilization"
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Item Assessment of crop raiding by wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2023) Gharti Magar, YamunaHuman-wildlife conflict arises when human and wildlife species come under the same niche leading to competition for available natural resources. The conflict increases particularly near the protected areas. The conflict between human and wildlife is closely linked to the economics, social welfare and resource availability. This study envisaged to access the crop damage by Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and its effects on the livelihood of local people in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR). Direct field measurements on the damaged area from Wild Boar, a questionnaire survey to the local people and key informant interviews were used for data collection during August 9 to September 9, 2022. A total 268 households were selected for questionnaire survey. Wild Boar was the major crop raider, and Potato (Solanum tuberosum) was the major crop loss. The yearly loss is 8.59% (98568.38 kg) of Potato and 5.75% (4110.62 kg) of Oat (Avena sativa) of total production. Total average annual economic loss in DHR was NRs. 62113.39 (USD 472.27) per household including Potato and Oat. Majority of local people had negative attitude towards wildlife conservation. Commonly shouting, scaring by biting tin boxes, guarding and releasing dog, stone wall and wooden bar were the main preventive measures applied by local people in DHR, which are not effective. So, this study suggest that to minimize the crop loss form Wild Boar, adapting alternative crop like hot pepper, using repellents (chemical sprays and natural deterrents), regulate hunting and proper relief funds might be helpful.Item Causes of low performance of secondary level students in mathematics(Department of Mathematics Education, 2022) Thapa, Chakra BahadurThis is case study research titled “Causes of low performance of Secondary level students in Mathematics’’. The prime concern of this study was to analyse the causes of low performance of secondary level students in mathematics and to suggest the possible ways for the betterment of student’s performance in mathematics. For this study researcher selected one government school through convenience sampling procedure from Baglung district. The interview guideline, classroom observation from and school document were the main tools of this study. The collected data were organized, analysed and interpreted based on descriptive analysis to find the causes of low performance of secondary level students in mathematics. After analysing and interpretation of collected data, the findings indicates lack of teaching learning materials, poor school environment, poor motivation for students are the cause of low performance of secondary level students. Also findings indicates that there is most of the parents were illiterate so that they cannot provide further guidance and feedback in mathematics, students did not pay attention while the teacher taught in classroom are the main causes of low performance of secondary level students in mathematics.Item Kip's Protest Against Western Imperialism in the Novel The English Patientby Michael Ondaatje(Department of English, 2008) Adhikari, Gyan BahadurIn the long run of human civilization human beings have proved that they are the best creatures in the universe. In this race they not only have distinguished themselvesfrom other animals but also from themselves. To prove their superiority they havetried to control other people. Inasmuch, they have polarized into two groups-colonizer and colonized. Obviously, the former grouphas considered to be dominant always. Inthe beginning, the colonizers had colonized territorially; but later the concept ofcolonization took a form of ideology. Kip is one of the central characters in the novelis intrigued by colonial maneuver whilehe is in Europe. Later, his awareness ofEuropean imperialism pierces him ceaselessly. Nostalgia of his nation and his culturechase him instantly. His ephemeral love for western way of life is replaced by the perennial bond of his Indian atavistic culture which leads him to decide to abandonthe both Europe and European way of life.Item Land and Women: Subjugation as a Shared Destiny in Kamala Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieve(Department of English, 2014) Dhakal, PramodRelationship of female and land is as old as the human civilization. However, this aspect of mutual attachment was hardly recognized until the last few decades. However, with the rise of ecological consciousness, people have started to explore the relationship between females and land. In this perspective, Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve depicts the hardships imposed on female, just because she is a woman. As tradition goes, female is mother because she reproduces and can preserve and protect the entire cycle of life. However, this fact is often taken in a lighter version and, as a result females are condemned within the periphery of house and domesticity. Land is one such sure forms of domination that has been a part of females, since time inmemorial. Females have been associated with land and its production, as if they are inseparable. This fact, however, is not taken as a positive source of inspiration, but instead has become yet another form of domination imposed on females. Marakandaya projects Rukmani, associated for a lifelong time with the land and its outcome.Item Nature and Human Civilization: Antagonistic and Reconciliatory Attitudes to Nature in Jack London’s The Call of the Wild and White Fang(Faculty of English, 2013) Binadi, Ram ChandraThe present research project entitled “Nature and Human Civilization: Antagonistic and Reconciliatory Attitude to Nature in Jack London’s The Call of the Wild and White Fang” focuses upon the rivalry and reconciliatory attitude in nature and culture. The Call of the Wild is about a kidnapped, domesticated dog embracing his wild ancestry to survive and thrive in the wild, while White Fang examines the violent world of wild animals and equally violent world of humans. This dissertation mainly attempts to explore how nature and culture fight, how they reconcile, how love can tame natural behavior and instincts, and how nature’s and culture’s constant interactions fruitfully donate to sustain their reciprocated harmony. The affiliation between mind and body contributes this research project. Nature loses essence if thinking mind remains absent, and culture does not prosper if nature is overlooked. It also explores the process of “natural selection” in the novels that the strongest, brightest, and most adaptable elements of a species will survive. After a meticulous study of both the novels, in the light of ecocriticism, the author’s movement from nature to civilization in The Call of the Wild and civilization to nature in White Fang explores the meaning of life, meaning of civilization, and primitive instinct. Human and animal ability for adaptation to new surrounding is the key factor of conscious mind and civilization. Nature and culture both equally contribute to create the situation for adaptation under the domain of nature and civilization. The study of nature metaphors, as well as the novels, depicts the strength of reconciliation over the churning contestation between nature and culture. This research concludes that nature and culture both are in the constant struggle for their basic survival and meaningful existence; and reconciliation, as a base of civilization, tries to diminish hostility between nature- culture correlations.Item People’s Participation in Community Based Organizations (A Case Study of Kolhuwa VDC of Nawalparasi District)(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Dhakal, RishikeshHuman civilization spends most of flora and sfauna since it evolution periods. Some abundance and some time secretion of requirement holds on different time. To achieve this type of civilization human faced different kinds of problems, this always give new idea of solution such a result making the opportunity to invent new equipment for their utilization, we may take people’s participation consider one of mile stone towards community development. What ever the geographical location, cultural and historical stage of development of asociety, basic necessity of life, self respect and freedom are at least three basic elements whichare considered to continue the ‘true’ meaning of rural development.The universally acceptedconcept applied to national development programs, particularly on developing countriesfocusing on the primary needs through community development. The main objectivity of thecommunity development program is to build up society through improving educational standard, providing balance and hygienic food, pure drinking water, increasing political awareness, making access towards communication, technology, transportation etc, are improving the quality of local life. People’s participation simply meaning to willing and voluntary participation by all class/or group of population. It have common and cooperative venture. It may have spontaneous or induced but certainly not ‘coerced’. Most commonly people participation holding relatively debatable on any subject. This debate makes to all participate to give all individual view, the synergic form of decision will be considered most applicable and efficiency.The most important factors i.e. equal sharing profit or losses of any event often pursuit all people participate equally on public concern subject. Here, common people are not of tenconsulting in the planning or program formulation and fixing of priorities. Due to these factors now a day the basic concept of people participation confined only in term of physical donation it means, a innocent and seldom person often involves on voluntary labor contribution tot he rural construction works that mostly beneficial to rural life. Theory of participation, to start with, has at least two dimensional i.e. participation in political dimension and participation in socio-economic dimension. This theory regards ademocratic government as the identically best policy that can nourish popular participation institution. To make participatory process self-sustain, there is yet another equal important aspect which is the existence of the representative institutions but this is at the national levelalone is not sufficient for participation democracy, The formal such institution at a local levelalso most importance. A question may arisen under-development countries likes Nepal what is the basic rootofdevelopment? To answering such questions one should not forget the rural life of such countries, though the definition of development may vary as per required of public concern and v geographical location, but no one disagree to until and unless increasing people’s participation level the aim of development never successes developing countries Nepal. The objectivity of this study is to measure the level of people participation on localactivities and explore the possibilities of motivation and inhibitor factors for people participation. The researcher had under goes in literature review through many literatures such as journal, dissertation, books and reports. It was found that socio-economic and demographic characteristic i.e. family income, occupation, age, culture, gender, education and ethnicity affectdirectly or indirectly on situation of people participation is never ending process because there is no any definite level development. The study was descriptive type mainly based on primary data. Questionnaire for the interview schedule was the main tool used to generate the required in formation. Similarly, key informants, interview, group discussion and spot observation methods were also carried out for generating the information for the research work. Total 45respondents were randomly selected out of1796universalsize for interview, five key informants and two group discussions has been scheduled. However the education status of country is very poor, nearly 58% of the people are literate on Kolhuwa VDC. The study concluded that the majority of the population was from medium class of family in respect of income, education and occupation; people are fully involved on agricultural for their livelihood. Situation of people participation in various development activities was found medium despite the abundance of educational manpower in the study area. The involvement in different NGO’s activities, which are nearly about 15 in numbers andother more about 3 credits and saving organization, are making significant roll for communitydevelopment with ensuring more and more people participation based. But, it was found thatmajority of people involvement on locally activities was for listen matter or to make formality. Furthermore, it was concluded that the people participation is motivated by the balanced representation, direct and nature of benefits and people fait towards leadership.Women participation in development was found mainly for saving and credit purpose whereas,male participant’s domain in all sectors i.e. problem identification, formulation, implementation and evaluation too.Item Role of king in ancient & medieval culture and society of Nepal(Department of Nepalese History, Culture and Archaeology, 2023) Kharel, Laxmi PrasadAvailable with full textItem Subject-Verb Agreement in Kulung and English(Department of English Education, 2012) Rai, Prem ChandraNot availableItem Translation of Shakespeare's Romeo and Julietin Nepali: A Work of Transcreation(Department of English, 2010) Khanal, BaikunthaTranslation is an act of cultural exchange, it is more than mere substitution and replacement from one language to another. In fact, it is governed by a principle of indeterminacy,where uncertainty and subjectivity is embedded. Instead of surrender and total imitation of the source text, it is taken as literature three because of the in tuitionve forces and application of creative imagination of the translator being at work. In Shiva Rijal's Romeo Julietko Prem Katha,w Which is a Nepali translation of Romeo and Julietby Shakespeare. The translator has adopted the procedures like addition, deletion, paraphrasing, literal translation and transliteration to prove dynamic and semantic equivalence rather than formal equivalence. While translating the stories the translator reinterprets the source text carrying socio-political and cultural assumption. That's why total equivalence is impossible. Here, the translator questions the system of finding closest approximation of word but gives priority to reconstruction and reinterpretation where loss of meaning in inevitable because of cultural and conceptual gap. So, it is taken as creative writing because of independence status and reincarnated form of original writing which has made the Nepali version more intuitive and idiomatic.