Browsing by Subject "Linguistic Situation"
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Item Condolence, Compliments and Sympathy in English and Nepali(Department of English Education, 2008) Lamichhane, BhogendraThis study is to identify and compare the exponents of condolence, complimentsand sympathy used by the native English and Nepali speakers. For this study, theresearcher took sample population from British Council and British Embassy,which consisted of 20 native English and 60 Nepali speakers. The study wasentirely based on the primary data i.e. the responses from the native English andNepali speakers through questionnaire distributed to them. Then after, theresponses given by them were recorded for analysis and interpretation. On the basisof analysis and interpretation the researcher came up with the conclusion that thenative English speakers were found more formal than their Nepali counterpartswhile expressing condolence, the native Nepali speakers were found more formalthan the native English speakers while expressing compliments and the equalnumber of the native English and Nepali speakers were more formal whileexpressing sympathy. The study is divided into four chapters.Chapter oneis an introductory. It includesgeneral background, review of the related literature, objectives of the study, andsignificance of the study.Chapter twodeals with the methodology applied to carryout the research under which sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for datacollection, process of data collection and limitations of the study are presented.Chapter threepresents analysis and interpretation of the data. In this section bothstatistical as well as descriptive approach are used.Chapter fourincorporatesfindings and recommendations of the research. The references and appendices formthe concluding part of the thesis. ixItem English and Kisan Kinship Terms(Faculty of English Education, 2012) Limbu, Kaji ManThe research entitled “English and Kisan Kinship Terms” presents a clear picture of a comparative study between English and Kisan kinship terms. The main objective of this study was to find out the Kisan kinship terms and to compare and contrast them with those of English. The present study was carried out on Kinship terms of English and Kisan languages presented through both consanguineal and affinal relations from both sides Viz. male and female ego in English and Kisan. The kinship relationships of English and Kisan were also studied by both addressive and appellative uses from the prospective of both male and female ego. The data of Kisan kinship terms were collected from forty native speakers of the Kisan language who were randomly selected from two wards of Mechi Nagar Municipality. Respondents were divided into different strata, using the stratified random sampling procedure. Set of questionnaires and mobile phone recorder were used as research tools to collect data. It was found that there are more kinship terms in the Kisan language than that of English. Sixty nine kinship terms were found in the study. Among them, twenty seven are consanguineal and forty two are affinal relations. It was also found that English language has some cover terms such as ‛grand parents’, ‛sibling’, ‛parents’, ‛cousin’, ‛offspring’ and ‛grandchild’ but they lack in the Kisan language. This thesis has four chapters: The first chapter contains general background, literature review, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definitions of relations. The second chapter consists of source of data, sampling population, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and the limitations of the study. The third chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. Lastly, the fourth chapter comprises findings and recommendations.Item Expressions for Seeking Information and Confirmation in English and Nepali(Department of English Education, 2009) Adhikari, Kamal PrasadThis study is to identify and compare the exponents of seeking informationand confirmation used by the native English and Nepali speakers. Theresearcher, for the study, took the data from the sample population. Therewere altogether 80 informants in the sample population out of which 40 wereNepali and other 40 were English native speakers. The study was entirelybased on the responses from the sample population (i.e. primary data) withthe help of the questionnaire distributed to them. Then the exponents given bythem were listed for the analysis and interpretation on the basis of which theresearcher came up with the conclusion that while seeking information andconfirmation. Nepali speakers used more honorific forms than Englishspeakers in general. To be specific, Nepali speakers used more non-honorificforms than English speakers for seeking information from their friends andpolicemen (by their officers). Similarly, Nepali speakers used non-honorificforms more than English speakers for seeking confirmation from their officeclerks, friends and sons. With other relationship, English speakers were foundto be using more non-honorific forms than Nepali speakers. The study is divided into four chapters.Chapter one, the introductorychapter, includes general background, review of the related literatureobjective of the study, and significance of the study.Chapter twodeals withthe methodology applied tocarry out the research under which sources ofdata, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collectionand limitations of the study were presented.Chapter threepresents analysisand interpretation of the data. In this section bothstatistical as well asdescriptive approach were used.Chapter fourincorporates findings andrecommendations of the research. The concluding part of the thesis isoccupied by the references and appendices.Item Mixing of English Codes in Doteli dialect(Department of English Education, 2009) Awasthi, Prithvi RajThis piece of research entitled ‘Mixing of English codes in Doteli Dialect’is an attempt to present a picture of English code mixing in Doteli dialect in Nepal. Present study aims at finding out the mixed English codes in Doteli dialect and to find out the reasons of code mixing in Doteli dialect.The researcher collected the data by utilizing unstructured interview and observation. The sample population for this study was 80 Doteli speakers from Belapur V.D.C. of Dadeldhura district. Snowball sampling procedure was used. The main findings of this research are that the English codes are mixed inthe Doteli dialect. It is sometimes because of the automatic habit of the speakers and sometimes the speakers do not find the appropriate or equivalent terms in their mother tongue. It was also found that educated Doteli speakers mixed more English codes rather than uneducated ounces and the code mixing in Doteli dialect is increasing day by day. This thesis contains four chapters. First chapter consists of introduction, description of language and dialect, varieties of Doteli dialect, difference between code-switching and code-mixing, reasons of code mixing, review of related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definition of the specific terms. Chapter two deals with methodology, i.e. how the research was carried out. It includes sources of data (primary and secondary), population of the study, sampling procedure, and tools for data collection. Chapter three deals with analyses and interprets the data descriptively and statistically. Chapterfour consists of the findings and recommendations of the study.Item Passivization in English and Hindi(Department of English Education, 2009) Mahara, Arbind KumarThe thesis Entitled Passivization in English and Hindi is an attempt to compare the passivization system between the English and Hindi languages and to suggest some pedagogical implications. The sample population consists of90 Hindi speakers of Siraha district who have Hindi as a mother tongue.They were selected by random sampling procedure and the researcher had used only one type of research tool i.e. questionnaire to collect the data.After collecting data it was analyzed,interpreted and presented descriptively and comparatively with the help of tables,diagrams and illustrations.The overall study shows that the syntactic position of noun and pronoun as subject and object remain intactin Hindi while changing active sentence into passive sentence whereas the syntactic position of noun and pronouns as subject and object are changed in English.This study shows that Hindi and English are similar in a few as pectsbut different in many aspects in the processes of passivization.There are twotypes of voice in the Hindi Language (Kartri Bachya and Aakartri Bachya). Aakirtri Bachya has classified into two types i.e. (KarmaBachya and BhawaBachya). English has only two types of voices i.e. (Active and passive voice). This thesis contains four chapters.Chapter one deals with the introduction which contains general background,the linguistic situation in Nepal,the Hindi language,transformation,passivization,CA and literature review. It also includes the objectives and significance of the study.Chapter two consists of methodology adopted during the study with the tools and process of data.It includes the limitations of the study as well.Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of the collected data. The collected data are analyzed and interpreted comparatively in detail and chapter four contains the summary of the findings and recommendations of the study.Item A Semantic Analysis of English and Sampang Verbs(Department of Education English, 2011) Rai, BirbalThe thesis entitled ‘A Semantic Analysis of English and Sampang Verbs’ attempts to analyze some English and Sampang Verbs Correlation in terms of their meaning. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the English and Sampang verbs mainly on the basis of one to one correlation of meaning and convergence and divergence of meaning. To accomplish the objective of the study Sampang native speakers were taken as the main informants for eliciting the data. They were selected using judgemental sampling procedure and interviewed according to prepared interview schedule but English data were taken from secondary sources. The selected English and Sampang verbs have been described in contexts. Then, the meaning of those verbs have been analyzed following componential analysis approach. The main findings of the research study is that there are inherent differences in the semantic systems of English and Sampang verbs. This study shows that the Sampang language has more verbs of seeing, touching, cutting and breaking. It has also been found that the the suffix ‘-ma’ is added at end of the root of Sampang verbs referring to seeing, touching, cutting and breaking. This thesis has four chapters. They are introduction, methodology, analysis and interpretation and findings and recommandations. The first chapter consists of general background, literature review, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definition of the specific terms. Similarly, the second chapter includes sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, research tools, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Likewise, the third chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the thesis, which is its main part. Finally, the fourth chapter consists of findings, recommandations and pedagogical implications that are very crucial for long voyage of teaching.Item Spatial Deictic Expressions in English and Chhintang(Department of English Educaion, 2011) Rai, Rikhi MayaThis thesis entitled 'Spatial Deictic Expressions in English and Chhintang’ aimed to find out Chhintang spatial deictic expressions, compare and contrast them with those of English. The researcher collected data from both primary and secondary sources. Eighty two native speakers above the age of 15 years of the Chhintang Rai language are the primary sources of the data and the different books, journals, magazines and theses are the secondary sources of data. The informants for this study have been selected from the both Mulgaun and Sambugaun dialects of the Chhintang language to elicit the Chhintang spatial deictic expressions. I used the judgmental sampling procedure to sample the population. Interview was used as a research tool for data collection. The major findings of the study are: Chhintang has two general deictic demonstrative roots proximal ‘ba/bago’ and remote ‘huĩ/huŋgo’ from which local deictic adverbs proximal ‘baiʔ/bagoiʔ/be’ and remote ‘huŋgoiʔ/be’ are derived with neutral locative marker ‘-i/-iʔ/-be/-beʔ/. ‘to’, ‘mo’ and ‘yo’ are altitudinal demonstratives for remote up, down and across respectively. ‘-tu’, ‘-mu’ ‘-yu’ are locative markers for up, down and across respectively. ‘-lam’,‘-ni’, ‘-ŋa’ are meditative, directive and ablative case markers respectively. Chhintang has two deictic verbs ‘come’ and ‘bring’. Chhintang uses some spatial postpositions as spatial deictic. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, an introduction to the Chhintang language, need and importance of contrastive analysis, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with methodology adopted for the study under which the sources of data, collection, process of data collection and population of the study and limitations of the study are mentioned. Similarly, the third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The last chapter deals with some recommendations made on the basis of findings of the study and references and appedixes are included in the final part of this study.Item Tense-Aspect Systems in English and Yakkha Languages(Department of English Education, 2009) Dewan, SujataThe present thesis entitled “Tense-Aspect Systems in English and Yakkha Languages” aimedto find out the tense-aspect system in the Yakkha language and compare and contrast thissystem with thatof theEnglishlanguageto find out the similarities and differences betweenthem. For the information of the Yakkha tense-aspect system, data were collected from 80Yakkha native speakers living in Bodhe VDC of Dhankuta district. Eighty Yakkha nativespeakers were selected using nonrandom,quota sampling procedure. Andfor the informationregarding the English tense-aspect system, someauthentic books were consulted as secondarysources. Interview schedule consisting of 207 questions was the main research tool for thisstudy. In this research, findings were derived through intensive study, analysis andinterpretation of the data collected. Findings showed that two way tense division: past andnon-past is also possible in the Yakkha languageas in the English language. Both the Englishand Yakkha languages code the perfect and progressive aspects in all the tenses: past, present,and future. ButYakkha makes elaborative use of verbal agreement markers in comparison toEnglish. This thesis comprises four chapters. Chapter one is an introductory chapter. It includesgeneral background, objectives of the study, the reviewof the related literature, significanceof the study, and the definitions of the specific terms. Chapter two includes the methodologyadapted to carry out the research, under which sources of data,sample, sampling procedure,tools for data collection, process of data collection,and limitationsof the study arementioned. The third chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of the data. The fourthchapter is for findings and recommendations of the study. Findings are derived from theanalysis and interpretation ofthe data carried out in the chapter three. And recommendationsare made on the basis of the findings. References and appendices follow the fourth chapter.