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Item Analysis of Rural Poverty: A Case Study of a Magar Community of Phoksingkot VDC Palpa, Lumbini, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Thapa Magar, Mohan. S.Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon which is a major obstacle for the human civilizations and overall development of the society, nation, and the whole world. It is the major factor responsible for the conflict, war, murder and human right abolition. Poverty is found everywhere still in the developed countries and massive in the developing countries. As Nepal is a developing and one of the poorest countries in the world, it is also largely affected by the poverty. Among the poor Indigenous people, Dalit, Women and rural people are included in excessive amount. Magars are one of the largest ethnic groups of Nepal comprising 7.14% of the total population but are socially and culturally lagged behind because of different factors, which are definitely rather dynamic in nature and the condition of these people is also changing, though all the changes do not take the positive trend. The general objective of the study was to understand poverty situation of the Magar people in the Phoksingkot VDC of Palpa districts. The specific objectives were a) to measure the extent of poverty in Magar people b) to determine the relationship between poverty and other factors viz. employment, income, education, land holding, health facilities, access to facilities, livestock rearing, house structure etc c) to find the causes and effect of poverty in study area. As such, the present study attempted to discover the interplay of different variables for analyzing the poverty of Magar of the study area, Phoksingkot VDC, Palpa. It also tried to illustrate some peculiarities of Magars and helped seekers to understand the extent and cause of the poverty in the daily life activities. For the study, survey was done at four wards, 1, 2, 4 and 6 and households were 15, 10, 15 and 10 in a random sampling respectively. For the data collection different peoples were interviewed for the purpose of cross validation and for the literature secondary sources have been taken. Coded and analyzed the data taken, interpretation was done through different sophisticated statistical tools. The study showed that 50 households include 312 family members with HHs size of 6.24. 52.6 % of the population were economically active with the dependency ratio of 0.9. The absolute poverty line was drawn to be NRs 27.2 per capita per day income. On this basis 32% of households and 30.13% of populations were found to be absolute poor. The total poverty line was found to be NRs 43.85 per capita per day. On this basis, 46% of households or 45.84% of population are under total poverty line. It is found that 54% of household or 54.16% of population are non - poor. Education status of the study area is low as 36% people are illiterate. From the study it is known that illiteracy is one of the major factors of poverty. Most of the economically active population of study area engaged in agriculture 40.06% but there is disguised unemployment. From the field observation of the study area, it is found that, most of the poor have small cottage sized house with poor condition and are socially and economically backward. Most of people are living in very low level of living standard, such as ill-fed (lack of nutrition), poor clothing, very low standard of shelter. Geographically, the studied are is hilly and needed to walk 2-3 hrs from road. So it is one of the major factors for the VDC people to be far from access to facilities and services, market for their production, health facilities etc. They need to walk 1.30hrs for the education which is another cause for dropping out and more illiterate and unemployed people. The major problem the VDC people are suffering is the drinking water and irrigation. In order to improve the poverty status and break up the vicious circle of poverty in the Phoksingkot VDC of Palpa districts agricultural productivity must be increased in order to alleviate poverty, mixed and rotational cropping system should be adopted and then provide required facilities for agriculture such as irrigation, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, improved varieties of seeds etc. The government should encourage private investment in the study area to generate employment opportunities and market centres. Spending on alcohol, smoking, gambling and other unuseful and unproductive work should be discouraged by conducting some public awareness programs.Item Changing Lifestyle of The Women of Magar Community: A Case Study of Bagnashkali Rural Municipality-2, Palpa(Department of Economics, 2018) Regmi, Mani PrasadThis research entitled 'Changing lifestyle of the woman of Magar community' is an effort to find out huge cross cultural variations in ideas about the roles of men and women. Magar women are contributing their time in traditional occupations. There are lacks of education, mobility and opportunity. This study focuses upon the role of women and problems faced by Magar women. This study area has been selected Bagnaskali Rural Municipality of Palpa. Almost Magar women are involved in social organization i.e. Parma, AmaSamuhaand Mahila Samuha. Some women are involved in changing occupations in spite of the traditional occupations. Females of Magar community are engaged whole year in agriculture, and household works. The problem faced by the magar Women's are mental pressure, inexperience in monetary transaction, illiteracy, immobility and high ratio of engagement in household activities. But in this present period women's literacy rate is increasing. They are facilitated by drinking water program, small market and transportation. Male seem to be more aware about the supporting to the female in their traditional considered household work. Both male and women work side by side in Parma. Therefore, there is gender equality and equity in this study area.Item Clan Relationship Among Magars (A Study of Fifteen-Clan' Magars of Dhorpatan)(Department of Sociology, 2010) Magar, Jhakendra GhartiNot AvailableItem Deixis system in English and eastern Magar language(Department of English Education, 2022) Thapa, SujataThis research entitled 'DEIXIS SYSTEM IN ENGLISH AND EASTERN MAGAR LANGUAGE'' has tried to carried out the deixis system in English and Magar language. The data were collected from the fifty native speaker of the Magar Language by using random sampling procedure. The informants for this study have been selected from the ward no. 2 of itahari-2, Sub Metropolitiancity, Sunsari. The data were collected with the help of questionnaire and interview. The sources of data for English were collected from different books thesis dictionaries and article. This is divided in to five chapter the first chapter introduction includes the background statement of problem, objectives of the study research question of the key term chapter second deals with the theoretical literature empirical literature, implication and conceptual frameworks. The third chapter conceptual frameworks. The third chapter deals with the methodology employed to conduct the study. The method and procedures of the study incorporable the research design population sample and sample strategy, study areas and tools data collection tools and techniques data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure come under in third chapter. Chapter four is the main body of the research. if includes the presentation of data and result and discussion of the data . it presents the data deceptively and in the from of graps and tables. The fifth chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendation some implicates of the study in policy level practice Level and further research are presented in this section. This chapter is followed by reference and appendices to make scientific, valid reliable and authentic.Item Ethnobotany and Antimicrobial Study of Selected Medicinal Plants Used by Magar Community in Nawalpur District, Nepal(Institute of Science and Technology, 2022) Nemkul, Chandra MohiniField survey and ethnobotanical data was collected from 2015 to 2017 in Hupsekot , Bulingtar rural municipalities and Kawasoti urban municipality of Gandaki province, Nawalpur district, Nepal focusing on Magar community. To verify traditional use of selected plant species for diarrhea, urinary tract infection, typhoid and pneumonia, laboratory tests of the extracts of the plants were performed. Methods: Data were collected by interviewing local healers and knowledgeable people. Plants were selected for laboratory tests on the basis of factor for informant consensus (FIC) and feudality level (Fl) along with use mention (UM). Plant parts dried at room temperature were used for extraction by using hexane and 70% methanol successively. The extracts in amount 50µl were used for in vitro antimicrobial tests by agar well diffusion method. Dimethoxy sulfate (DMSO) was used as negative control; ampicillin and gentamicin were used as positive control. The test bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. Phytochemical screening was performed by colorimetric method. The effective compounds present were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Estimation of total phenolic content was done using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Antioxidant assays were done by DPPH free radical scavenging and H2 vi O2 scavenging methods. Results: Among 160 plant species recorded 124 species were medicinal use. Phanera vahlii, Flemingia strobilifera, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Stephania glandulifera, Tectaria coadunata, Woodfordia fruticosa, Rhododendron arboreum and Rhus chinensis were selected for gastrointestinal category; Tinospiora sinensis, Cissampelos pareira and. Azadirachta indica for urinary tract infection (UTI) category; Antidesma acidum and Aegle marmelos for the respiratory category; Callicarpa macrophylla for typhoid. Alkaloids, anthocyanosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannin and polyphenols were detected in the extracts. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that antimicrobial compounds such as 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarbaldehyde, Phytol, 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4Hpyran-4-one, Stigmasterol, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, disooctyl estser, vitamin E and squalene were present in the extracts. Methanolic extract of Rhus chinensis (RCM) showed largest zone of inhibition (ZOI) (23±0.57mm) against Escherichi coli followed by Woodfordia fruticosa (18mm) (WFM). The lowest value of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli was <1.56mg/mL (WFM). RCM and FSM showed antimicrobial activities against Shigella dysenteriae causal bacteria of dysentery but MIC values of them were bacteriostatic.WFM (18.66±0.66mm) showed the largest ZOI against Enterococcus faecalis. The lowest value of MIC was 3.12mg/mL (WFM) against Enterococcus faecalis and it was bactericidal. WFM showed the largest ZOI against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lowest value of MIC against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was <1.56 mg/mL (WFM). RCM (14.66±0.33mg/mL) showed larger ZOI against Klebsiella pneumoniae and followed by WFM (13.5±0.67mg/mL) and methanolic extract of Flemingia strobilifera (FSM) (11.66mg/mL). The lowest MIC value was 6.25mg/mL of FSM against Klesiella pneumoniae and it was bactericidal. The result showed that MIC value of methanolic extract of Antidesma acidum (AAM) (12.5mg/ml) against Klebsiella pneumoniae was bacterididal. MIC of methanolic extract of Callicarpa macrophylla leaf (CMML) was 25mg/mL against Salmonella typhi. MIC value of CMML against Salmonella typhi was bactericidal. RCH (hexane extract of Rhus chinensis) (16±0.33mm) showed larger ZOI against Escherichia coli. MIC of RCH was 1.56mg/mL against Escherichia coli was bacteriostatic and kill the bacteria at 6.25mg/mL. Total phenol content (TPC) in the plant extracts had significant variation ranging from 8.15 to 336.95 mg of GAE/g of dry extract. FSM contained maximum amount of TPC (336.95±14.61 mg of GAE/g of dry extract). 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging range from 4 to 94% at 100 µg/mL concentration of the 70% methanolic extracts and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50 vii ) range from 21.59±0.26 to 1434.11±1.17 µg/mL. The best DPPH free radical scavenger was methanolic extract of Rhododendron arboreum. The methanolic extract of Woodfordia fruticosa was the best H2 O2 scavenger. Conclusion: The extracts of the plants used for diarrhea by Magars of the study area, have shown antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, diarrhea causing bacteria. The most effective against Escherichia coli was the extract of Woodfordia fruticosa. The extract of the plant used for UTI by magars, have shown moderate effect against UTI causing bacteria. The result also verify local us of Callicarpa macrophylla against typhoid. These plants also have DPPHradical and H2 O2 scavenging properties. Woodfordia fruticosa, Flemingia strobilifera and Phanera vahlii could be used for treatment of UTI along with local use of Tinospora sinensis, Cissampelos pareira and. Azadirachta indica. In-vitro animal tests are required for these.Item Fertility Behaviour of Magar community (A Case Study of Dhurkot VDC,Nawalparasi , District)(Department of Population Studies, 2011) Sharma, SitaThis study deals with "Fertility Behaviour of Magar Community: A Case Study of Dhurkot VDC, Nawalparasi." To complete this study primary and secondary data are collected. The analysis and interpretation of data are carried outby frequency and cross tabulation. This study is mainly based on the consideration that fertility is determined by different socio-economic and demographic variables.Only 125 respondents of MagarCommunity in Dhurkot VDC are taken to examine the relation of fertility with socio-economic and some demographic variables. The specific objectives of this analysis are socio-economic and demographic characteristics of ever married women of aged (15-49) to assess the relationship between fertility and specific socio-economic variables as education, occupation,income and land holding size and also to study the relation with fertility (CEB) andsome demographic variables like to age at marriage, child less experience andknowledge, child less experience and knowledge of family planning methods. Among the total sample population 394 (58.38 %) are males and female are(49.61%). Out of the total population of both sexes of aged 6 years and above the literacy rate is accounted 67.8 percent and the rest 33.2 percent are illiterate. Most of the respondents found to be engaged in households chores and agriculture and same condition in sampled households. Majority of the respondents married before theyreached 20 years. Which bring the high fertility. More than 84.8 percent of the respondents heard about family planning method through radio. The mean number of CEB is found to be3.5 in Magar community.The number of CEB is found in in creasing order with increasing aged of women within( 40-44)age group have highest mean CEB of 6.0 per women.Item Occupational Change and Livelihood Strategies Among Magar Community in Dangse, Ward No.10, of Waaling Municipality, Syangja(Department of Geography, 2006) Thapa, Kamal BahadurNot availableItem Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal Helminth parasites among Magar community of NISDI rural municipality Palpa, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2022) Thapa, Srijanantestinal helminthic infections are still the neglected public health problems worldwide. It represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in high risk ethnic groups of rural communities. The present study was conducted in Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa Nepal. The cross sectional study was conducted and purposive sampling method was applied to choose the study subjects. Two hundred and eighty fresh stool samples of Magars including all age groups were collected and preserved in 2.5 % potassium dichromate solution. Structured questionnaire method was conducted for the identification of risk factors. The samples were examined microscopically using direct wet mount and concentration methods to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthic parasites . The present study showed high rate of intestinal helminth infection i.e 31.07% along with taeniasis 2.5% in Magar Community of Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa. The most common intestinal helminth parasites were hookworm (12.5%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (11.8%), Taenia spp. (2.5%), Hymenolepis nana (1.7%), Trichuris trichiura (1.4%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.1%) and Enterobius vermicularis (1.1%). Univariate logistic regression revealed that people practicing the walking and working barefoot and occationally using the slippers or sandals (OR = 6.339, CI = 3.46311.591), consumption of drinking water without treatment (OR=3.999, P=0.012), high number of family size >5 (OR = 2.389, 95% CI=1.4 -4.079), people having muddy house (OR= 2.282 95% CI = 1.258 -4.136) and source of drinking water as reservoir system (OR=1.716, 95% CI = 1.026-2.868) were the important risk factors for intestinal helminth infections . Similarly, the two important risk factors associated with taeniasis found in this community were not using latrine who preferred open defecation (OR =5.285, CI =1.149-24,306) and consumption of uncooked pork meat (OR=12.828, 95% CI= 1.521-108.6). Females (OR=2.2, 95% CI=3.809 -1.276) are at high risk of intestinal helminthic infections wheras males (OR =3.879, 95% CI=0.739-20.352) are at high risk of infection for taeniasis. Occupationwise, farmers are at greater risk of infection for both Intestinal helminth infection and taeniasis.Item Social and Economic Status of Magar Women (A Study of phedagjune Village of dhankuta District)(Department of Sociology, 2010) Thegim, Manjunot availableItem Socio economic and cultural activities of Magar community: A case study of Shantidada-2, Ilam district Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2015) Baral, YubarajThe ethnicity base study was needed in this modern concept where the researcher can really experience any ethnicity in rural area. This study gives real picture of socio-economic and cultural activities of Magar community in Shantidada V.D.C ward no-2, Ilam. The study was based on both primary and secondary data, more specifically it was based on primary data and information which was collected by researcher himself with the help of different data collection tools and techniques, 5 households heads and 23 population were taken for sample size from the Magar community of Shantidada -2, Ilam and 5 households from each house were interviewed. for this purpose. Simple random sampling method has been used in survey for Magar's community. The secondary source of data and information has also been used when ever they needed . The Magar community was rich in culture and tradition. In this study most of them are Hindus but in the other parts of Nepal they are Buddhists. In this study the Magars celebrate the festivals like Brahimins, Chhetries . They celebrate Dashain, Tihar, Teej etc. They follow their tradition strictly but nowadays it became lose. Most of Magars follow their traditional treatment system like Dhami Jhankri. The traditional occupation of Magars was agriculture hunting, raising animals etc. But nowadays they have only agriculture but some young generation began to work in foreign countries and some work in I/NGO'S. But their economic condition was not enough. In this way this community is socially cultural and economically diverse. Thus it was necessary developed for learn more about the Magar's community in this area as show by the output of the researcher.Item Socio-Economic Condition of Magar Community (A Case Study of Pyauly VDC, Bhojpur)(Department of Rural Development, 2007) Pulami Magar, KarunaThe study is about socio-economic condition of Magar community in Pyauly VDC of Bhojpur District. Primary data was collected from the field using sample survey, covering total 64 respondents and 10 key informants. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select the sample and interview schedule was made to collect the information and data. The main objectives of the study are as follows: • To examine socio-economic condition of the study area. • To analyze social and cultural changes in the Magar community. • To explore the problems of Magar community. However, study area is a rural area. Most of the familes are involved in agriculture. Above 80% of the sampled families have food insecurity situation. In the study area, most of the families have domestic animals for the purpose of manure, milk, meat, eggs only. It could not develop as professional occupation. So, their economic condition is miserable. The average family size is 5.52. Educational Status of the study area is not bad on the whole. The literacy rate in study area is higher (67.43%) than national average (54.1%) but, female literacy rate is low. The Magar of the study area had their own way of performing life cycle ceremonies. Now a days their culture is highly influenced by Hinduism. But the social status of Magar in the study area is not well established.Item Socio-Economic Condition of Magar Community: (A Case Study of Uttarganga V.D.C, Surkhet District)(Department of Rural Development, 2015) Thapa Magar, KamalaThis research deals with the socio-economic condition of Magar people of Uttarganga VDC from Surkhet district. In this research, the problems related to their socio-economic condition are thoroughly studied. Under the social-economic condition their occupation, festivals,income practices, marriage system, education, religious practices etc. are observed. By observing these issues of the Magar people, the social and economical status of Magar people have been tried to find out on the basis of research question and hypothesis. Mainly three objectives are selected for this dissertation paper. First of all this research isoriented to analyze the socio-cultural status of Magar people. For that, the researcher studies the cultural tradition and social properties of the Magar people. Secondly, by studying economic activities of the people, it analyzes their economic condition. Then at last byanalyzing socio-cultural and economic conditions of the Magar people it assess the challenges of the Magar community in the study area. For the study, the extensive field visit has been conducted in Uttarganga VDC of Surkhet district.Primary as well as secondary sources of data have been used for this study. In the study area among eighty-five households of Magars fifty households have been taken for sampling. Simple random sampling technique has been used to select sample. For the research purpose structured questionnaire, field observation and personal interview methods and tools have been used. After the focused study of the Magar community in the researched area,mainly the following findings are captured. The most of the Magar people are adopting agriculture as a main occupation which is 40% in number. It is found that paddy, maize and wheat were the major agricultural production. In the study area it is found that the peoples are culturally rich but economically their condition is lower than average. Moreover, in terms of their cultural system and condition it is found that they have their own marriage system. By observing their practices of celebrating feast and festival it is found that they are highly influenced by Hindu tradition and culture.But they are aware and to their native tradition and are involved in various activities on the way of preserving their native tradition. The findings of the research can help to the policy maker and government to make the plan in the different sectors such as social, economic, health and many more for the betterment of the related community. In the context of my research, it is implicable to make some plan for upgrading the traditional agricultural system which is very less productive and less beneficial.Moreover this research is very important to make some plan in the education sector of Magar people which can attract their children to the education. It is also useful to collect the information about the youths' interests for going foreign employment and helps to make attractive plan to stop them from going foreign employment which is very essential for nation's development. To sum up this dissertation paper is focused on the socio-cultural condition, economic condition as well as major socio-cultural and economic challenges of the Magar community in the Uttarganga VDC of Surkhet district. To conduct this research, field visit, interview,questionnaire-like method and tools have been used. After the focused study on the various aspects of the Magar community in the researched area it is captured that, the economic condition of the people is lower than average. They are highly influenced by Hinduism and various dimensions of modernization which has created the challenges on the way of preserving their culture and tradition are the main issues.Item Socio-Economic Status of a Magar Community:A Case Study of Birendranagar VDC, Chitwan, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Pun, BijaySocially and culturally Magars are considered to be far lagged behind because ofdifferent factors, which are definitely rather dynamic in nature and the condition ofthese people is also changing, though all the changes do not take the positive trend.Magars who have written its own history through their bravery in many wars andhave been honored the image of honesty. These people live primarily in the jungle ornearby the jungle establishing own community. They use the resources found in thejungle and they celebrate many ceremonies worshipping the nature. These people arevery simple and honest who do subsistence farming for their livings and they mostlyuneducated, besides some portions of new generation, and they do not have know-howfor being commercialized. They have no gender discrimination, which sometimesseems to raise a question, why could not the Hindu acculturation affect their attitudeson genders? As such, the present study attempted to discover the interplay of different variables fordeciding the socio-economic status of Magar (Pun) of the study area, BirendranagarVDC, Chitawan, it also tried to illustrate some peculiarities culturally to other ethnicgroups and helped seekers to understand the historical background (origin) and themythology of Magars (Pun). For the study, survey was done at threewards, 5, 8, and9 and households surveyed were 15, 20, and 15 in a random sampling respectively.For the part of mythology and culture, different people were interviewed for thepurpose of cross validation and for the part historical background secondary sourceshave been taken. Coded and analyzed the data taken, interpretation was done throughdifferent sophisticated statistical tools. The results were not the exact as it had been assumed; they were found to have goodawareness level and for the awareness level, access to the media is the main reasonbehind. Their economic level was found to be very dependent upon interveningvariables like rain falling, fertility of the lands, geo-physical of the land et cetera sothe condition of thepeople, though sufficient for the majority, was found to be verysensible. At the time of the survey, many fields were found without plantation and thereason was no rain fall which means there will be low sufficiency of food that year.Religion has beenseparately discussed and due to the missing of the history, theycannot be claimed to be aboriginal Hindus; Buddhists neither.Social status was alsofound to be good because the awareness level found to be good and the real practiceswere enough to validate their responses. Other social aspects of the community werefound to have some pitfalls which contributed for the present status of Magar peopleunder domination of Brahmanism; these were because of the loss of own identity interms of language factor and cultural factors (religion and many ceremonies) so thatthe dominant factor never realized in practice the community to be different than them(for example, Newar community of Kathmandu valley has its own identity). Ethnic conflict might be possible infuture, if all ethnic groups are not well-addressed.Through the research, a kind of against-feelings towards the Brahmans and Chhetriswas found and might become full fledged because these people are simple and mostlyuneducated and deprived so they caneasily manipulated. Pokhareli people have beennearly shaping into full-fledged.Item Socio-Economic Status of a Magar Community:A Case Study of Birendranagar VDC, Chitwan, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Pun, BijaySocially and culturally Magars are considered to be far lagged behind because ofdifferent factors, which are definitely rather dynamic in nature and the condition ofthese people is also changing, though all the changes do not take the positive trend.Magars who have written its own history through their bravery in many wars andhave been honored the image of honesty. These people live primarily in the jungle ornearby the jungle establishing own community. They use the resources found in thejungle and they celebrate many ceremonies worshipping the nature. These people arevery simple and honest who do subsistence farming for their livings and they mostlyuneducated, besides some portions of new generation, and they do not have know-howfor being commercialized. They have no gender discrimination, which sometimesseems to raise a question, why could not the Hindu acculturation affect their attitudeson genders? As such, the present study attempted to discover the interplay of different variables fordeciding the socio-economic status of Magar (Pun) of the study area, BirendranagarVDC, Chitawan, it also tried to illustrate some peculiarities culturally to other ethnicgroups and helped seekers to understand the historical background (origin) and themythology of Magars (Pun). For the study, survey was done at threewards, 5, 8, and9 and households surveyed were 15, 20, and 15 in a random sampling respectively.For the part of mythology and culture, different people were interviewed for thepurpose of cross validation and for the part historical background secondary sourceshave been taken. Coded and analyzed the data taken, interpretation was done throughdifferent sophisticated statistical tools. The results were not the exact as it had been assumed; they were found to have goodawareness level and for the awareness level, access to the media is the main reasonbehind. Their economic level was found to be very dependent upon interveningvariables like rain falling, fertility of the lands, geo-physical of the land et cetera sothe condition of thepeople, though sufficient for the majority, was found to be verysensible. At the time of the survey, many fields were found without plantation and thereason was no rain fall which means there will be low sufficiency of food that year.Religion has beenseparately discussed and due to the missing of the history, theycannot be claimed to be aboriginal Hindus; Buddhists neither.Social status was alsofound to be good because the awareness level found to be good and the real practiceswere enough to validate their responses. Other social aspects of the community werefound to have some pitfalls which contributed for the present status of Magar peopleunder domination of Brahmanism; these were because of the loss of own identity interms of language factor and cultural factors (religion and many ceremonies) so thatthe dominant factor never realized in practice the community to be different than them(for example, Newar community of Kathmandu valley has its own identity). Ethnic conflict might be possible infuture, if all ethnic groups are not well-addressed.Through the research, a kind of against-feelings towards the Brahmans and Chhetriswas found and might become full fledged because these people are simple and mostlyuneducated and deprived so they caneasily manipulated. Pokhareli people have beennearly shaping into full-fledged.Item Socio-Economicand Cultural Activities of Magar Community (A Case Study of Jeetpur-5, Ilam)(Faculty of Rural Development, 2013) Bhattarai, Bishnu PrasadThe ethnicity base study was needed in this modern concept. Where theresearcher can really experience to any ethnicity in rural area. This studygives the real pictures of socio, economic andcultural activities of Magarcommunity in Jeetpur VDCward no. 5, Ilam. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. Morespecifically it was based on primary data and information whichwascollected by researcher himself with the help of different data collectiontools and techniques.11 households heads and 55 population were takenby forsample size from the Magar community of Jeetpur-5 Ilam and 11house headsfrom each house were interviewed. For this purpose simplerandom sampling method been used in survey for Magar’s Community.The secondarysource of data and information has also been used whenever they needed. The Magar Community was rich in culture, tradition. The Magar’s in thisstudy area are Hindus but in the other parts of Nepal must of Magars areBuddhist. In this study area the Magars are celebrate the festivals samelike the Brahimns, Chhetries. They celebrate Dashin, Tihar, Teej etc.They follow their tradition strictly but now days it became lose. Most ofMagars follow their traditional treatment system like DhamiJhakri. The traditional occupation of Magar’s was agriculture,hunting, raisinganimals etc. But now days they have only agriculture also some younggeneration was began to foreign countries and some were works inI/NGO’s. But the all of their economic condition was not equal.In this way this community is socially, culturally and economicallydiverse. Thus it was necessary to developed for learn more about theMagar’s Community in this area as shown by the output of the researchItem Utilization of maternal and child health care services in Magar community of Dodhara VDC(Department of Health Education, 2016) Baral, MotimayaThis study entitled “Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Care Services in MagarCommunityof DodharaVDC”hasbeen carried outwith the objectives; to find out the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the study population, to identify the antenatal,natal and postnatal care practices in the mother groups and to assess the prevalence of diseaseaffecting the child and mother. This studywasdescriptiveandquantitative innature. It wasbased on obtaining information about the existing situation of maternal and child health carepractices inMagar community of Dodhara VDC,Kanchanpur. In this research, researcherfocused on finding the maternal and child health care practices with maternal and infant deathabout childbearing mother with the consideration of their variousbackground variables. Theresearchwasbased on primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from the200mothers having children less than 5 years. Married women aged between 15-49 years having atleast one child less than 5 years were the population of the study. Amongall the respondents 6.66 percent were found with only first antenatal check up.It wasfound that 13.13 percent were foundvisiting health post two times during their pregnancy and20 percent were found with the experience of ANC check up three times and remaining allother respondents had the experience of the more than three times ANC check up practices.Data showedthat large number of the respondent mother were found with taking the Iron tabletduring their pregnancy periodand remaining other 15 percent mother had not the experience ofthe taking iron tablet. Among all the respondents most of them (94.73%) said they had givenimmunization to their baby and remaining 5.27 respondents were found not having anyimmunization to their child. In the present time the entire child should be immunized but inthe community few percent of the child are still out of vaccination that wasnot good situation.They hadprotection against infantile diarrhea, respiratory infection and otherkinds of pediatricdisease. Breast–feeding provideda natural form of birth control. The situation of using familyplanning deviceswas found good in this study. Data showed that 57.90% of the respondentswere found going to doctor or health worker in order to treat their children in the hope of beingcured. vItem Women in Household Decision Making in Magar Community (A Case Study of Dhurkot Rural Municipality, Gulmi)(Department of Rural Development, 2019) Pokhrel, PrakashThe study has been conducted in Magar women in household decision making with the aim to find out the role of women in Magar community. It aims to find out social, cultural and economic role performed by women in the Magar community, to assess changing role of Magar women and to find out problems as faced by women in Magar community. This study area is selected in Magar community of Dhurkot Rural Municipality of Gulmi District. It will take ward no. 1 and few areas of Vujeldhara of the Dhurkot Rural Municipality. Descriptive ethnographic research design is applied for this study. Therefore, it is a descriptive ethnographic study of women’s role in Magar community. There are altogether 362 Magar households in the village in the study area. This study area is homogenous. Therefore, only 60 households out of 362 households in the area was selected purposively. Collected data through various methods were analyzed mainly descriptively as well as statistically. Quantitative information were analyzed in simple tabulation by process of numbers and percentage. Most of the families are joint families where female have more work burdens such as cooking, cleaning, caring and rearing etc. Male’s prominent role is in marketing and festival celebrating and female’s prominent role is in the cooking, washing, cleaning, food managing, fuel energy managing, agriculture, livestock farming and child caring. 53.6% male and 18.8% female are involved in monetary work such as service, business and daily wages labour. Male are more than female by 34.8% in monetary works. It concludes that male are in the monetary role and women are in the non-monetary role due to lack of education, opportunity and mobility. Women’s contribution in the struggle is great for the subsistence level, yet the division of labour is not strict in Magar community. Male may have to do what normally considered is women’s work such as domestic works. Men and women work side by side in Parma. Women whose husbands are out of the country in the armed services must be able to run their households and farm, thereby equality the abilities between sexes. Therefore, there is gender equality and equity in this community.