Browsing by Subject "Technology"
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Item Analyzing the Adoption of Online Shopping Using Extended Technology Acceptance Model: An Empirical Study on Five Districts of Nepal(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-09) Gaire, BivekRecently, in Nepal, penetration of the internet has increased making every internet user a potential buyer of growing online shopping trend but the question arises of what motivates the consumer to buy online and how it has been adopted currently. This research aims to analyze the perception of consumers of five districts of Nepal toward online shopping with Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2) as framework for examining various factors that influence shopping online. Responses of 460 participants were recorded for this study. A quantitative research approach was used and the collected data were analyzed by CB-SEM method using SPSS and AMOS. The research result shows that perceived ease of use has positive influence on perceived usefulness; perceived enjoyment and perceived cost have significant positive influence on attitude toward online shopping whereas perceived risk has negative influence on it. Moreover, behaviour intention to shop online is positively influenced by perceived usefulness, subjective norms, and attitude toward online shopping. This research supports that when consumers enjoy online shopping and find products at the right cost then they are motivated to shop online whereas risks associated with online shopping demotivate it. And, people's behaviour to shop online is influenced by social influence, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward online shopping.Item Barcode Technology and its Application in Nepalese Libraries(Central Department of Library and Information Science, 2011) Rijal, AmodThe thesis entitled ‘BARCODE TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN NEPALESE LIBRARIES’ in general based upon an indispensable part of library automation in all types of library. The thesis has included major aspects necessary for the effective library management and organization in the field of barcode technology. The study has introduced the relation between library and barcode technology, along with the definition, history, advantages/disadvantages and types of barcode. Among different types of barcodes, some of the important types are Universal Product Code (UPC), Code 39, CODABAR, EAN-8, EAN-13, CODE 128. Scanners and decoders are essential parts of the barcode technology. So, scanning devices like laser gun, Charged Coupled Device (CCD) plays important role within barcode technology. Different types of barcode labels along with smart barcodes, generic barcode are essential for bar-coding of books and library cards. The problem of study has included limitation of the performance of barcode technology due to lack of proper human resources as well as insufficient allocation of budget. The lack of knowledge of barcode technology among the library professionals makes the barcode technology a challenging job. The problem of the study is to know the present situation of the barcode technology and its development using different types of software for better services and suggestions necessary for the users and the libraries. Thus, among various library technologies available in computerized library and information centers, barcode technology has its own importance for speed, accuracy and reliability of the data circulation. The objectives of the study was to know barcode technology and its application in libraries, to identify libraries using barcode technology, to know whether barcode application software in the libraries of Nepal is useful or not and to suggest libraries and libraries personal (staffs) for better services through barcode technology. The study has limited to 10 libraries using barcode system for automation and the data has been collected from 25th August 2008 to 8th March 2009, within 7 months. In the context of Nepal, limited studies have been carried out on barcode technology in the areas of Library automation. Six related informational literature have been studied and most of the reviewed literatures were found related to the topics and a great help has received from the reviewed literature. The study has focused on the barcode technology and its application in the formation of library system. It has found that most of the libraries in the Kathmandu valley are not fully automated; few of them are converting their library system from manual to automate with support of barcode system. The population of the study has included the number of those libraries which were using different software supporting barcode technology. Most of the libraries or information centers are using software such as SOUL, CDS/ISIS, WINISIS, LIBRA, KOHA, ALICE, IAN. The researcher has used a set of questionnaires including 18 questions based upon the objectives. Those questionnaires were distributed to collect data. Different types of libraries have studied inside and outside Kathmandu valley. Due to the repetition of same library software, only ten libraries of Kathmandu valley have been studied as a sample for the data collection. The selection of the libraries has depended upon the nature, types and easy availability. Out of 10 libraries, 6 are academic libraries, 1 governmental library, 1 public library and 2 special libraries. It has found that only limited numbers of libraries were using barcode technology. This limited is due to the lack of proper budget, computer infrastructure, networking and professional human resources. The researcher has concluded that the proper implementation of barcode technology take place with the use of suitable barcode system, scanning device of better quality and advanced software. The collected data has shown that the barcode plays a role of a bridge between the users and the libraries. It provides services like circulation, searching, cataloguing, and user management in a better and smart way. The data indicates that all the libraries show positive response on the reduction of total expenditure. As in the modern age of IT, evolution of information could not be controlled, where dissemination of information in a right time is very difficult. So, barcode technology could support a library to function in an appropriate way as a modern technology in the field of automation. Finally, researcher has recommended that, to provide effective library services to the users, all the libraries should install advanced barcode technology in their automation system. In spite of having some limitations, this system could provide proper information too the users in a proper time with error free network. The present state of the barcode technology is not at satisfactory level, which could be made better by providing training and knowledge about barcode system to the staffs, users and to all related persons. The library management should improve accuracy and reliable performances like online circulation, reporting, registration, database searching, membership identification with effective security system and all this could be possible only by applying barcode technology. The research study recommends to qualified or well trained library staff and professional for the better image of library. One should be careful and conscious in applying the new technology, so that all the related information could be preserved and disseminate with high speed, accuracy and in the reliable and systematic way.Item Business Model for Financially Sustainable Electric Vehicle Charging Station Using EV Charging Financial Analysis Tool(Pulchowk Campus, 2021-03) Sapkota, Dilli PrasadThe development of EV technology is growing day by day throughout the world. For Nepal, this is the golden opportunity sector to decrease its oil consumption which in turn help to lower the trade deficit. Government of Nepal has also announced several regulatory measures and national strategies to respond to the country's rising trend of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. The availability of charging station plays a vital role for customer’s range anxiety problem. In this study, an EV charging financial analysis tool was used to analyzed various scenario of business cases. The three potential partners that can collaborate in this project are owner-operator partner, private sector partners and public sector partner. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method is used to calculate the financial parameters such as NPV, IRR and DPP for all partners. Three different scenarios were analyzed in this work. In the first scenario, NPV is obtained as -$63,590 and both IRR and DPP are not available. In second scenario, all three parameters were infeasible for owner operator and public sector. For private sector partner, NPV is -$34,756 IRR and Payback period is unavailable. Lastly, in third the NPV stand at +53,614, IRR is 17.7% and DPP is 6 year for owner operator. For private sector partner, NPV is positive, with 10% IRR and 7 year of payback period. For public sector partner, the project is in breakeven zone. I. Five more different cases were analyzed under scenario C by reducing CAPEX cost from 10% to 50%.Item Copyright in Literary Works: A Study on its Relationship with Authorship and Book Publishing with Reference to Nepal(Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, 2008) Pradhan, PustunCopyright is an outgrowth of technology. The advent of printing press revolutionized the book trade but it also provided the means by which piracy became profitable. Copyright arose to control this piracy. Historically, it was publishers’ invention to maintain order and control in the book trade. In its origin, copyright has nothing to do with authorship and the promotion of creativity. It has been shaped much by the economics of publishing than by the economics of authorship. It was only much later copyright was introduced as a law of authorship and as a means of ‘encouraging learning’. By the Statute of Anne enacted in 1709 authorship came to be legally established as the source of copyright. Copyright subsists only in original works of authorship. The notion of originality in copyright is derived from the Romantic formulation of authorship and the creative process. All that originality means is that work should originate with the author –it should be an independent creation, not copied from someone else’s work. Copyright involves the adjustment of two equally competing interests with each limiting the other: the private interests of copyright owners, that is authors and those engaged in the production and dissemination of creative works, to earn profit from the market exploitation of their works and the interest of the public to benefit from the free use and sharing of creative works. Thus, the major tension in copyright is to balance these two interests in a way both can be optimized. Copyright seeks to reconcile these twin objectives by securing incentives to the authors through the grant of exclusive rights in exchange for the creation and dissemination of works, Copyright in Nepal is a recent phenomenon. Despite a legal history of over 42 years behind it, copyright came to be implemented as late as 2002 when the new act replacing the 1965 act was enacted. This belated implementation of copyright, as the history of its development demonstrates, is primarily due to the non-existence of the condition precedent for the development of copyright. And this condition is the existence of market for books and other copyrightable products. A sound copyright regime is needed to promote the development of national creativity and culture and to sustain the national cultural industries. Unfortunately, copyright in Nepal is yet to receive any priority in the national agenda. And, given the ongoing political transition in the country, it is most unlikely that any serious attention will be given in the foreseeable future to entrench the regime of copyright. As this transition prolongs, it is the local authors and culture that would sustain an irreparable casualty in want of adequate protection. This study concludes that need for copyright protection arises with the growth and expansion of market for works of local authorship. It is critical to the promotion of local authors and local publishing industry. In short, it is an essential regulatory framework on which are based the whole edifice of modern literary and other cultural productions and their trade. The institution of copyright is therefore deeply rooted in modern economic system.Item INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HUB(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-05) HIMALAYA, DIPESHInformation Technology (IT) is the study, design, development, implementation, management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. Information and communication technology (ICT) is currently attempting to enter many facets of human civilization. Nothing else has influenced the advancement of human civilization at such a quick rate (during the past five decades) since the discovery of fire and the invention of wheels. IT is slowly but surely transforming how we conduct business, live our lives, educate our children, care for the sick, conduct research, and pass the time. Now is the age of information and communication. A completely new world where knowledge is crucial has emerged as a result of advancements in computer and communication technology. IT Hub is the central area where these advance progress takes place with the provision of IT related building, industry specific infrastructure and other business-related services.Item Mobile Banking Adoption: A Perceptual Study of Students in Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur(Department of Management, 2021) Subedi, AnitaThe research study dealt with assessment of the Students Perception on mobile banking adoption among the Tribhuvan University in Kritipur. The study was guided by following specific objective, to examine the Technological factors, Ease of use factors,Usefulness factor Trust factor and security factor influencing mobile banking adaptation among the backing customers in Tanzania. The study employed a sample size of 100 respondents; simple randomly sampling technique was used to select the sample from the targeted population. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire and the data were analyzed by using SPSS version 25.Finding indicates that important factors that affect the perception of customers towards mobile banking are convenience, security, faith on traditional banking and awareness.The number of mobile banking users are increasing every year with different figures especially in urban areas where technologies are highly developing in quick manner. Technologies have taken Nepalese traditional banking system into modern banking system with different services such as ATM, internet banking, mobile banking. Key words: Mobile Banking, Technology, Ease of Use, Usefulness, Trust, SecurityItem Packet Loss Recovery and Control for VoIP(Pulchowk Campus, 2017-03) K.C., DipakTechnology is growing rapidly which results in the rise of the VoIP technology. VoIP is a technology to transfer voice signal communication over the internet (Network). The transmission of audio data over packet switched networks faces lots of difficulties by a variety of network impairments such as packet loss, delay, echo, network security and throughput. To minimize the effect of packet loss a Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) technique is introduced in VoIP communications. Voice is a real time application and the biggest problem it faces is the loss of packets due to network congestion, delay, jitter and other network factors. The internet services implements protocols to detect and retransmit the lost packets to overcome the packet loss. However, for a real time application it is too late before a lost intermediate packet is retransmitted. This causes a need for reconstruction of the lost packets. Therefore, good reconstruction techniques must be in action to minimize the effect of packet loss during voice communication. In this thesis a concealment algorithm to reconstruct lost voice packets is reported. The algorithm is receiver based and its functionality is based on Time Scale Modifications of speech and autocorrelation of a speech signal. The technique used is Average Magnitude Difference Function (AMDF) to estimate pitch (fundamental frequency of data sample) along with Overlap and Add (OLA) technique. Method of PLC can be implemented as artificial regeneration of the packet received prior to the lost one, followed by insertion of the duplicated packet into the gap. Also lost packet can be estimated by interpolation on the basis of previously received voice packet. PLC algorithm is an end-to-end bidirectional transmission control scheme. PLC also monitor VoIP communication at both end the sender and the receiver side. Implementation of PLC minimize the effect of data loss in voice communication and overall sound quality is improved.Item Present Status of Informatation Technology And Security Measures in Nepalese Industry(Faculty of management, 2009-02) Regmi, AjitNot availableItem Prospects of Solar Drying Technology: A Case Study of Pakhribas Municipality, Dhankuta District(Central Department of Rural Development, University Campus Kiripur, 2017-02) Ghimire, KritiOpen sun drying of various crops is the most widespread conventional method for food preservation practiced in many urban and rural areas of developing countries. The traditional open sun-drying widely practiced by rural farmers has some sort of difficulties such as; high crop losses due to inadequate drying, fungi attacks, insects, birds, rodent encroachment and unpredictable weather effects Labor requirement, long drying time, and direct exposure of the produce to sun and wind are the further difficulties with this method. However, taking into account the low income of the rural population, the relatively high investment for energy based dryers still remains a barrier to wide application. In view of this, solar dryers can be a good alternative over conventional dryers and open sun drying technique. General objective of the study is to identify the prospects of solar drying technology with the case study of Pakhribas Municipality of Dhankuta district. The study explored the prospects of solar drying, using descriptive research strategy because it aims to study the prospects of soar dryer in underscoring rural enterprises. It looked into the problem by exploring the views of different set of respondents, as well as by exploring different literatures related with the study. Vegetables especially off season, tea, large cardamom and ginger are major source of income for the eastern hill people. Farmers try to sell all the produces at once as they may go rotten, being perishable produces. In this effort they sell them even in lesser prices. This down price occurs when the overall production is high. They do not know about the drying technologies like solar drying. And even do not know about the subsidy they can receive. Most of the agricultural products are exported to the neighboring countries. Some agricultural products like Tea, coffee, spices are also exported to the countries of Europe. Because of the small size of export, the bargaining power of Nepali exporters is limited and weak. One of the benefits of Solar Dryer system compare to the sun drying is quick dehydration. It is estimated about 50 to 60 percent of the time is saved in solar dehydration compared to direct sun drying. Besides this, with the installation of Solar Dryer, women got some relief. They can dry the products easily. Several sun dried products eg., dried herbs, dried ginger, dried turmeric, dried cinnamon, dried vegetable seeds and tea are exported to India. Some vegetable seeds are also exported to Bangladesh and Pakistan. Therefore the dried products have huge possibility of receiving internal and external market. The temperatures in a solar dryer are higher than in sun drying and this reduces the drying time and usually improves the final product quality. Crop losses and spoilage from rain and animals are prevented because the crop is protected within the solar dryer. Solar dryer comprises three parts; in some types of drier these parts are distinct whereas in other these parts are in combined form. The introduction of low cost and locally manufactured solar dryers can offer a promising alternative to reduce the tremendous postharvest losses as small farmers mostly use open sun drying methods for drying of certain produces. Thus along with promotional activities of Solar dryer through subsidy, technical backstopping and massive consumer awareness raising program is necessary to create market for the dried products. The technical improvement is also necessary; the Capacity of the drier needs to be increased and should be affordable to the farmers.Item Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Biogas Technology in Rural Nepal (A Case Study of Tribhuvanbasti VDC of Kanchanpur District)(Central Departmental of Rural Development, 2011) Bagale, SubhashThe study was basically conducted to know the impact of biogas Technology in Rural Nepal Tribhuwanbasti VDC of Kanchanpur district which is in rural Far Western Development region is taken as a study area where there is a great probability of implementing biogas technology. In the study area there are 200 biogas plants among them 30 households (15 percentage) having biogas plants were taken as sample through random sampling process. In the process of collecting data, primary as well as secondary sources are used. Household survey along with designed questionnaire, focus group discussion with designed questionnaire and observation through check list are used to collect primary data and data from CBS (2002), District Profile Kanchanpur (2062 BS), GGC and BSP are used as secondary data. Mainly tabulation of data is done to organize compare and analyze the collected data. From the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data; the impact of biogas plant in rural areas found to be positive and environment friendly. Though the biogas technology had positive impact, its process of developing is found to be very slow. So to develop them some effective actions should be taken. From the analysis of collected data, the biogas plant holders were mostly Brahmins (63.34 percentage) and then respectively Chhetries 20 percentage and Gurungs were the least 3.34 percentage. Most of the respondents were related to agriculture (60 percentage). The respondents having 5 to 7 members in their family were about 53.34 percentage. About 43 percentage of the respondents had land above 30 kattha and only 10 percentage of the respondents had below 10 kattha. Only two sizes (6 m and 8m ) of biogas plant were found in the study area and biogas plant sized 6 m was found to be popular in the study area. The main reason for installing biogas was easy and smokeless cooking. Most of the respondents kept buffaloes (90 percentage) as source of dung. In an average about 3.5 hours per day was saved due to the installation of biogas and the saved time was mostly used in household works by 60 percentage respondents. 70 percentage respondents reported that there seemed to be the decrease in prevalence of mosquito after the installation of biogas plant. From the overall study, biogas technologies were found to be very useful to the household works, to keep the environment balanced, to minimize smoke caused disease, to minimize the rate of deforestation and each to increase the agricultural production and to assist the sustainable development. So biogas technologies should be developed as alternative source of energy in rural areas and they should be paid attention from GON, I/NGO’s, Community and Private Sector.Item Technophilic Diagnosis of Man and Machine Interface in Robert Pirsing's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance(Faculty Arts in English, 2017-12) Dangaura, MohanThis research paper explores the technophilic aspect of man and machine relationship in Robert Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.This research focuses upon the production and usage strategy of technology so that they can be easily adored by the consumers. The research methods consisted of a wide review of relevant literature on Modern Machines and human beings. The research approach adopted in this research paper includes Donna Haraway's Cyborg Manifesto and JohnWilliams's Techne Zen and the Spiritual Quality of Global Capitalism. The findings from this research show that the global industries are popular since they have more humanistic approach to their production either in hard or soft machineries. Thus, to be fit for survival our interface with machine must be friendly. This research paper recommends that technological production should have aesthetic beauty for keeping us in easy terms with them. Technology must not be scary but healthy.Item Total Coliform Removal Efficiency in Slow Sand Filter(Pulchowk Campus, 2016-04) Adhikari, ArjunSlow sand filtration is an ideal technology for developing country’s drinking water treatment options. Slow sand filter is a simple option to remove the microorganisms as well as turbidity and the study was to demonstrate the total coliform removal efficiency in slow sand filter using coarse sand. This research work was carried out by developing a 0.22 m*0.22 m*2.75 m fiber glass filter model and set up at Institute of Engineering. During the study different parameters like total coliform, turbidity, pH, temperature, discharge and head loss developed on the filter were analyzed in three cycles of filter run. Total coliform removal efficiency varied from 35.9% to 100% .Total coliform removal efficiency was dependent with Hydraulic loading rate as the efficiencies were 99.58%, 97.34%, 95.45%, 90.32%, and 89.81% for HLR <0.1m/hr., HLR 0.1 m/hr. – 0.2 m/hr., HLR 0.2 m/hr. – 0.3 m/hr., HLR 0.3 m/hr. – 0.4 m/hr., and HLR >0.4 m/hr. respectively. With proper operation of slow sand filter upto influent turbidity of 50 NTU, water becomes drinkable with effluent water turbidity below 5 NTU, total coliform removal upto 100% and pH also within the limit of National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005.Item Treatment of Media Technology in DeLillo‘s White Noise: A Critique(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2015) Tamata, Indra BahadurThis thesis has analyzed the treatment of media in novel White Noise by Don DeLillo. The key concepts in the study of media have been presented and explained in regard to how they are represented in the DeLillo‘s novel plot, characters and nature of language itself shows extreme assertion of media, television, visual data and radio sounds which enforces every character to fall in the ditch of death anxiety, consumerism and alienation. This thesis has also tried to show the relation between media and human being‘s everyday interdependency in terms of building perceptions and ideas by looking at ads appear on television, billboards and other visual medium. Media broadcasts or virtual world creates bizarre speculation of the choices of life and death. Moreover, the character's inability to discern the reality from artifice where malice technology unveils dark aspects of skeptical symptoms aroused in Jack‘s family. In the novel presence of media proves both intimidating and distressful simulations, and media saturation of real events in real life of Jack and Murray. Even television reports show Neodyne Airborne Toxic event in a threatening way that all the residents of the Blacksmith Town area think about the future effect of airborne toxic borne disease in respiratory system and skin. The novel White Noise highlights the collision of language and media. In this collision, as the analysis of the novel shows, language turns out to be inadequate. When this happens, the media becomes all the more powerful.