English Language Education
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Item Communicative abilities of proficiency certificate level students in english(2010) Devkota, Laxman; Chandreshwar MishraThe research entitled “Communicative Abilities of Proficiency Certificate Level Students in English” attempts to examine the communicative ability of PCL students. The study focused to analyze and examine the communicative ability of those students in terms of informant and content oriented variables. In order to carry out this research, both the primary and secondary data were collected. The primary sources of data consisted of 80 students, 40 from Education and the other 40 from Humanities selected by using random sampling procedure who were the main sources of data. Than the researcher studied and analyzed them in terms of different variables descriptively and statistically. On the basis of this analysis of data, the researcher found out that the communicative proficiency of Education second year students was better than Humanities second year students. Similarly, the researcher also found that all the students were better in receptive and written productive abilities of language functions than oral production test. The study consists of four chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction which consists of general background, literature review, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two consists of the methodology of the study. It encompasses the sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedures, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitation of the study. Chapter three consists of analysis and interpretation of the collected data. The data were analyzed on the basis of variables specified objectives i.e. the holistic, stream-wise, campus-wise, gender-wise and item-wise analysis of the students’ proficiency in communication in English. Chapter four incorporates findings and the recommendations. On the basis of the analyzed data, some findings have been listed, and in turn, on the basis of these findings, some recommendations have been made.Item English teachers' strategies and challenges in teaching writing skill at secondary level(2024) Upadhyay, Kumari Maheshwari; Guru Prasad PoudelThe present study is entitled English Teachers’ Strategies and Challenges in Writing Skill at Secondary Level. The main objectives of this study were to explore teachers’ strategies while teaching writing skill at secondary level and to find out the challenges while teaching writing at secondary level. This study followed descriptive research design under qualitative research method. For that the researcher conducted semi- structured interview and the observation of classes. Purposive non-random sampling strategy was used to select participants to collect data. Five teachers from four different secondary level community schools of Suklaphanta Municipality of Kanchanpur district were the sample of this study. The findings of this study showed that the secondary level English teachers of community schools commonly adopted brainstorming, feedback, project work, summarizing, paraphrasing, cubing, parallel writing, guided writing, free writing and providing specific writing tips through PowerPoint presentation strategies in teaching writing skill. While using those strategies the teachers faced various challenges in the classroom. They included developing creativity of the students, finding concluding statements, arousing interest on students, clarifying the confusion on topics, developing vocabulary knowledge, and proper use of punctuations and following appropriate format while writing. This research consists of five different chapters. Out of them, chapter one is the introductory part of this study. It incorporates background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Second chapter deals with review of related theoretical literature and the review of empirical literature, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Third chapter is the part of the methodology. This past includes research design and method of the study, population of the sample, data collection tools, reliability and validity of the tools, data collection procedures, data analysis process, ethical consideration and sources of data. Similarly, fourth chapter deals with results and discussion and it has incorporated the analysis of the data and the results. The fifth chapter includes findings of the study, conclusion and implications of the study. In the same way, in the final part of the thesis, references and appendices have systematically been included.Item The effectiveness of supplementary materials in developing reading comparehnesion(2015) Dahal, Sagar Prasad; Anjana BhattaraiThe thesis entitled "Effectiveness of Supplementary Materials in Developing Reading Comprehension" is an attempt to find out the effectiveness of supplementary materials in the development of reading comprehension. To carry out this research, thirty two students of grade-X from the government aided school Shree Bhanu Bhakta Higher Secondary School, Manglabare Ilam were selected as sample. A test consisting of five different test items was used as the main tool for data collection. For experiment, students were divided into two groups by simple random sampling procedure and a pre-test was administered before starting the treatment .After that, both groups were taught the same teaching items. The only difference between experimental group and controlled group was the use of supplementary materials for experimental group. After the completion of teaching of four weeks, a post-test was administered. Then, the results of both pre-test and post-test were compared to determine the role of supplementary materials in teaching reading. The main finding of this study is that use of supplementary materials is more effective in teaching reading skill than teaching just the prescribed textbook. This thesis is divided into five chapters each chapter is divided into different subheadings. The first chapter deals with general background, statement of the problems, rationale of the study, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter deals with review of related literature and conceptual framework. It encompasses review of related literature, implication of the review for the study, theoretical as well as conceptual framework. The third chapter introduces methods and procedures of the study, population and sample, sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure. The chapter four discusses the results of the collected data. Chapter five deals with the summary, conclusions and implications have been recommended. At the policy level, practice level and for further research. This chapter is followed by references and appendices.Item Dance party as a popular youth Culture in the great Gatsby and saturday Night Fever(2024) Aryual, Laxmi; Dhurba Bahadur KarkiThis research work examines dance party as a popular youth culture in Luhrmann directed The Great Gatsby and John Badham directed movie Saturday Night Fever. This study examines the inherent connections between the dance party and American life of the youths. It implies how dance party as a popular youth culture becomes integral part of American life in twentieth century urban America. Exploring the cinematic techniques of camera and its movement, it applies the theoretical approaches of popular culture defined by John Storey in his book Cultural Theory and Popular Culture who views popular culture as widely favored or well-liked by many people. It also studies how dance parties as a popular culture is represented in both movies by the lens of the camera and its techniques. While doing this, it has applied the theoretical approach implied by Stuart Hall in his book Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. Hall argues that representation is an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture. The chief beneficiaries of this research work include culture researchers, concerned stakeholders, humanities students and policy makers. It has a tremendous prospect to promote dance parties as a popular youth culture. Keywords: popular youth culture, movies, dance party, representationItem Teachers' Techniques for developing english speaking skill among basic level students(2024) Aryal, Aruna; Gopal Prasad PandeyThe present study entitled Teachers’ Techniques for Developing English Speaking Skill Among Basic Level Students was carried out to find out the techniques used by English teachers in teaching speaking. This study also aimed at investing challenges in teaching, speaking at community-based schools. It was conducted in two community schools of Dhading district. Narrative inquiry under qualitative research was applied to collect the data. Five English teachers were purposefully taken as participants for this study. Likewise, interview guidelines and observation checklist were used as research tools. The data was gathered from teachers’ narration and observation which were interpreted thematically in detail. The findings of the study showed that question-answer, picture description, dialogues, conversations, group discussion and summarization were the techniques used by teachers in teaching speaking. Mostly pictures description and question-answer technique were used by the teachers to promote the students’ spoken ability. However, the number of the students, language variety, learners’ L1, hesitation, teachers' proximity, students’ vocabulary and fluency, grammar mistakes, teachers’ time allocation, time for English speaking practice have been found as the problem in enhancing students' speaking skill. This study consists of five different chapters including references and appendices. The beginning chapter is about introductory part. It includes background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter contains of review of related literature, review of related empirical literature and conceptual framework. Likewise, the third chapter covers the study's methodology, including research design, data sources, sampling, research tools, data collection, analysis procedures, and ethical considerations. Similarly, the fourth chapter is about analysis and interpretation of the findings. Finally, the fifth chapter is all about conclusions and recommendations.Item Students' experiences on learning english through Online Mode(2024) Shrestha, Durga; Guru Prasad PaudelThis is a study on Students’ Experiences on Learning English through Online Mode. It aimed to explore the livedexperiences of students in learning English through online platforms, emphasizing the evolving dynamics of teaching practices in the digital age.Besides, the study focused to identify the students’ perceptions on learning through online mode of delivery in teaching and learning of Englishin terms of ease, access, difficulties, benefits, interaction and assessment.This study followed a phenomenological research design and qualitative method for data analysis and interpretation. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with six respondent's students studying in the fourth semester of University Campus in Department of English Education. They were selected by using judgmental sampling method. The data has been interpreted using thematic approach. The findings showed that students experienced learning English through online as exciting. Similarly, the data reveals that the online learning offered them flexibility and accessibility. However, they also faced challenges in terms of internet connectivity, interaction, and effective use of instructional technologies. Despite these obstacles, students appreciated the learning convenient time and the ability to balance education with other responsibilities. The findings suggest a need for enhanced digital infrastructure, better training for teachers, and comprehensive policies to address the gaps in online education. This thesis has been organized into five chapters. The first chapter contains introduction of research topic along with its objectives, questions, and some delimitations. The second chapter showcases review of literature whereas the third chapter shows different methodologies regarding design, population sample, and sampling. The fourth chapter shows in-depth analysis of collected data and the fifth concludes with summary, finding and conclusions.Item The role of exposure in enhancing speaking skill at basic levle ; The case of a community school(2024) Rai, Anu; Gopal Prasad PandeyThis study is entitled The Role of Exposure in Enhancing Speaking Skill at Basic Level: The Case of a Community School. The main objectives of this study were to find out the role of exposure in developing speaking skill and to explore the ways to provide exposure to the students in enhancing speaking skill in Basic level students. This study followedsurvey research designwith open-ended questionnaire and semi- structured interviews as toolto collect the data. The participants of this study were the students of Grade six, seven and eight of Shree Bhotang Devi Secondary School, Bhotang, Sindhupalchok. The studentswere selected using simple random sampling strategy. The data from the students were analyzed quantitatively anddescriptively. The findings showed that the exposure played a role in enhancing the speaking skill by developing their vocabulary and pronunciation. After getting the exposure, students wereable to speak in English with their teachers and friends more comfortably. The study also revealed that the students enhanced their speaking skills by watching movies, surfing the internet, listening to radio, reading books, reading magazines, and reading newspapers. Furthermore, the exposures to speaking opportunities significantly enhanced students’ academic performance, vocabulary, self-confidence and motivation.So, it has been proved that exposure has a constructive role in developing speaking skill in students. This thesis includes five chapters. The chapter one contains background, statement of problem, objectives, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study, and delimitations of key terms. The chapter two deals with the review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of review and conceptual framework. Similarly, chapter three contains design and method of the study, research tools and techniques, population and sampling strategy, data collection and procedures and ethical consideration. Likewise, chapter four deals with analysis of data and interpretation of the result. Finally, chapter five contains conclusion and recommendations. At the end, references and appendices are provided.Item Politeness strategies in job application in nepal(2016) Niroula, Ganga Devi; Pramod NiroulaPragmatics is one of the areas of study that deals with how meaning is shaped from the context. Pragmatics has roots in philosophy of language and politeness principle is a part of pragmatic study. This study ‘Politeness Strategies in Job Applications in Nepal’ attempted to examine the trend of using the politeness in job application in the out-set of Jhapa district. It explores the politeness strategies that the students majoring English at Kankai Multiple Campus Jhapa use in their job application letters using document analysis method. This study has traced the areas of the positive and negative faces of the addresser and the addresses using Brown and Levinson’s pragmatic principle, especially the politeness strategies. To investigate the politeness strategies of job application letters Brown and Levinson’s theory is applied in this thesis, as it is the most influential and comprehensive model of politeness. Special attention has been given to choice between positive and negative strategies. Although they are used to attend to positive or negative face respectively, one speech act can threaten both faces at the same time and thus the speaker must choose to which face he should primarily attend. This study has five chapters. The first chapter deals with the general background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the research, rationale of the study, significance of the study, delimitations of the study. Chapter two includes review of theoretical and empirical literature, its implications and theoretical framework. Chapter three makes clear all the areas of methodology dealing with the sources of the data and the population of the study, sampling procedure, research tools, data collection and interpretation. Chapter four contains the results and discussion with the analysis and the interpretation of the collected data using different charts, diagrams, figures and tables. Likewise, the last chapter consists the conclusion and implication of the study and also some recommendations for the purpose of improving the concerned field. References and appendices are presented at the end of this study.Item Effectiveness of critical thinking approach in teaching reading comprehension(2015) Mahato, Subas Chandra; Padam Lal BharatiThe present experimental study entitled Effectiveness of Critical Thinking Approach in Teaching Reading Comprehension aimed at finding out the effectiveness of critical chinking approach in teaching reading comprehension and to provide some pedagogical usages. The thirty days workshop was carried out in Shree Sajhapur Higher Secondary School, Narayani Municipality – 1 , Chitwan with the preparation of lesson plans and test items for the data collection. The students of grade XI was taken as sample. A pre-test was conducted at the beginning of the study. Then all thirty-two students were grouped into two viz. Experimental and Controlled based on even and odd roll number. The experimental group was taught using critical thinking approach for 30 days whereas the students of controlled group were taught in usual way of teaching using lecture method. In course of the real teaching, a progress test was carried out in the middle and a post test was conducted at end for each groups. The results (average scores) of all tests were compared to determine the effectiveness of critical thinking approach against other usual conventional teaching strategies specially lecture methods. It was found that critical thinking approach is far more effective than usual classroom teaching for reading comprehension of Grade XI students. This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one is a introductory part of the research which includes general background, statement of problem, objectives research question, significance, delimitations, and operational definition of the key terms. Chapter two deals with review of theoretical literature and empirical literature, implication of review and conceptual framework. Chapter three presents methods and procedures followed by the researcher in design and method of the study, population sample and sampling strategy, study area, data collection tools, procedures and analysis as well as interpretation of data. Chapter four consists of results, discussions of data analysis and summary of findings. Based on the results, conclusion and implications to various level have been presented in chapter five.Item Accurancy of language: Spoken english of tourist guides(2015) Chaudhary, Rishma; Padam Lal BharatiThis thesis entitled Accuracy of Language: Spoken English of Tourist Guides is an attempt to find out accuracy and appropriacy in English spoken by tourist guides working in Sauraha in terms of sentence pattern, language functions and vocabularies. To achieve the objective, the researcher visited the different places of Sauraha. She recorded eight briefings and five conversations between tourists and the guide. She selected guides by using purposive sampling method on the basis of her convenience. The omission of auxiliaries has been found to be most frequent while absence of nouns and possessives has been found least frequent in the sentence patterns of tourist guide. Similarly, a few Nepali words were used instead of its English equivalents. The study is divided into five different chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the specific terms. Similarly, the second chapter comprises the review of the theoretical literature, review of the empirical literature, Implication of the review of the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter consist of methods and procedure of the study, research design, study population and Sampling procedure, Field of study, tools for data collection, procedure of data collection, procedure for data analysis and interpretation. The fourth chapter consist of analysis and interpretation of data, analysis of sentence pattern, interpersonal communication, analysis of language functions and summary of findings. The final chapter consists of conclusion and recommendation.Item Development of Writing Skills through Homework(2011) Bham, Sushil Kumar; Anjana BhattariThe present research study entitled "Development of Writing Skills Through Homework" mainly attempted to look at the development of writing skills through homework in the case of secondary level students in a public school of Mugu district. In order for achieving this purpose, I regularly assigned homework and analysed and interpreted result of homework, conducted and analyzed pre-test, post-test, and progress test. I used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data was solicited from the forty students of Grade 9 of Shree Mahakali Secondary School, Gamgadhi, Mugu by administrating homework, pre-test, progressive tests and post-test. The secondary sources of data that I used were different written materials and Grade 9 English textbook. In course of analysing and interpreting the data, what I found is out of 40 students, 45 per cent of the students have secured above the average score (i.e. 8.75) and 15 was the highest score on the pre-test whereas, on the post-test, 55 per cent of the students have secured above the average score (i.e. 26.52) and 35 was the highest score obtained by the students. So, it can be claimed that homework can have striking positive effect in developing writing skills. This research study consists of four chapters. The first chapter entails the study related to general background, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter entails the methodology adopted for the research study. The third chapter deals with interpretations in terms of analysis of homework, analysis of pre-test, progress tests and post-test. The fourth chapter entails the findings and pedagogical implications related to the research study.Item Present and Past Continuous Tenses in English and Maithili(2010) Yadav, Ram Umesh; Anju GiriThis study entitled "Present and Past Continuous Tenses in English and Maithili" has been carried out to compare and contrast between the present and past continuous tenses of the English and Maithili languages. The researcher collected data from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of the data were native speakers of the Maithili language from Siraha district of Terai. The research was based on the responses obtained from sixty informants. The secondary sources of the data were different books, journals and theses. The researcher used stratified random sampling procedure to sample the population. From the study it was found that both languages have present and past continuous tenses. The sentences of present and past continuous tenses of both languages can be changed into negative, interrogative and interrogative-negative forms. And it was also found that English is an S-VO language whereas Maithili is an S-O-V one. Both of the languages differ structurally. The thesis consists of four chapters. They are introduction, methodology, analysis and interpretation, findings and recommendation. The first chapter encompasses general background, review of related literature, objectives of the study, significance of study and definition of specific terms. The second chapter deals with methodology. It encompasses sources of data, sampling procedure, research tools and process of data collection and limitations of study. The third chapter which is the core of the thesis includes the analysis and interpretation of the data.The fourth chapter incorporates findings, recommendations and pedagogical implications of the study. The tables and references are included in the final part of this study.Item Scolding and Expressing Anger in English and Bajhangi(2015) Jagri, Shankar Bahadur; Anju GiriThe present research study entitled “Scolding and Expressing Anger in English and Bajhangi” aimed to identify and compare the exponents of Scolding and Expressing Anger used by the native English and Bajhangi speakers. This research was based on secondary and primary data. The data were collected from the 50 native speakers of Bajhangi dialect. The informants were selected using judgmental non-random sampling and snow ball sampling procedure from Byansi and Kadel VDCs in Bajhang district. The researcher had taken 25 literate and 25 illiterate speakers and the participants of males and females were the equal from each VDC. The data were collected with the help of interviews and questionnaires. The sources of data for English were based on Matreyek (1983), Blundell, Higgen and Middlemiss (1997), Tillitt and Bruder (2000), Lyons (1970), Jones (1981), different books, theses, dictionaries and articles. The responses were listed, tabulated and compared for analysis and interpretation. On the basis of analysis and interpretation the researcher came to the conclusion that the native English speakers were more polite while scolding others than Bajhagi speakers on the other hand, Bajhangi speakers tend to use more impolite expressions and swear words in comparison to the native English speakers while scolding. Likewise, native English speakers tend to express their anger in indirect way using the formal forms to a greater extent in comparison to Bajhangi speakers. This thesis is organized into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the topic, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter includes review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter covers all the areas of methodology. Likewise, the fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of results, summary/discussion of the findings, similarities and differences and the fifth chapter includes conclusions and recommendations at three different areas (policy related, practice related and further related). Finally, the references and appendices are included.Item M.ED. English Students' Perception toward thesis writing(2015) Bohara, Dipak; Anju GiriThe present study entitled “M.Ed. English Students’ Perception towards Thesis writing” is an attempt to find out perception of the students towards thesis writing. I utilized both primary and secondary source of data for this study. The sample of the study consisted of 40 students of M.Ed. second year. They were selected using non-random sampling procedure. The questionnaire was used as the main tool for collection of data in which both open ended and close ended questions were used. The main finding of this study is thesis writing at M.Ed. English is appropriate subject and it provides both theoretical and practical knowledge to the students. Thesis writing is a guideline for overcoming problems in teaching learning process but availability of technology and sufficient material is a problem so the university and colleges should provide them and students must be motivated to conduct research. The thesis is divided into five different chapters. The first chapter, 'Introduction' includes the background, statement of the problem, rationale, objectives, research questions, significance, and delimitation of the study. In the second chapter, I have tried to show the store house of the knowledge by reviewing theoretical literature and empirical literature. On the basis of which conceptual framework was developed. The third chapter deals with the methodology employed to conduct the study. It gives information about the design of the study, population and sample, sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure. Collected data are presented, analyzed and interpreted in the forth chapter. It is divided into two sections. In the first section students' opinion collected from closed ended questions and second section students' opinion collected from open ended are presented and analyzed in different parameters. The fifth chapter summarizes and concludes the whole study in the first two sections. Some implications of the study are presented in the second section. The chapter is followed by references and appendixes to make the study reliable, valid and authentic.Item Collegiality as a Strategy for Teacher Professional development; Teacher Narratives(2024) Luitel, Bhawana; Kamal Raj DevkotaThe study entitled Collegiality as a Strategy for Teacher Professional Development: Teacher Narratives aims to explore the perceptions of English language teachers regarding the role of collegiality in their professional development, identify and analyze the strategies/practices that English language teachers adopt to foster and enhan cecollegiality in classroom,and suggest the applicable pedagogical implications of collegial practices for classroom teaching and for the professional development. The study employed a qualitative methodology, specifically using narrative inquiry asits research framework. Data were gathered by usingin-depthinter views with three secondary level English language teachers who teach indifferent schools of Itahari Sub-Metropolitan City, Sunsari. The target population included all secondary level English language teachers teaching in public schools. The participants for the interview were purposively selected.The interviews were undertaken with them at individual basis. Theirinter views were audio recorded and the main ideas they communicated were written in the field note.Then the interviews and field notes were transcribed, coded, categorized, and made thematic analysis. Findings were organized into three key areas: teachers' perceptions oncollegiality as a strategy for Teacher Professional Development (TPD), their collegial practices, and the pedagogical implications of collegiality in TPD. Results indicated that the teachers regarded collegiality as an effective means for enhancing confidence and individual empowerment, as well as a valuable resource for research, writing, and community building.The study also highlighted the role of collegiality in fostering peer relationships and it nsapplication in participatory action research, ultimately contributing to improve student learning. It prepares teachers toengage students in formative assessment.It was ascertained that collegiality can be utilized to enhance collaborati veandinnovative teaching and problem-solving efforts, promote a supportive school environment for TPD, and create aculture of trust, respect, and collective accountability within professional learning communities. This research is structured into five chapters. The initial chapter, known as the introduction, encompasses the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives,research questions, significance, delimitations, and operational definitions of key terms. The subsequent chapter focuses on reviewing theoretical and empirical literature, as well asdis cussing its implications. Additionally, it presents the conceptual framework. The third chapter is dedicated to the methodology, covering the study's design, population, sample,research tools, data sources, collection and analysis procedures, and ethical considerations.Moving on, the fourth chapter involves the analysis and interpretation of data. Lastly, the fifth chapter presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations derived from this study.Item Proficiency of darai and other students in free writing : comparative study(2016) Chapagain, Reema; Padam Lal BharatiA language is an integrated form of four skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. Among them writing is considered as the most difficult one to acquire. Regarding English language teaching, it has been taught in Nepal for over a century. However the high percentage of failure in each district level exam and SLC in English subject shows that most of the students are facing problems in writing. In this context, the researcher was motivated to carry out her study on Proficiency of Darai and other Students in Free Writing: A Comparative Study. The main objective of this study was to find out the proficiency of secondary level Darai and other students in free writing in terms of different variables such as punctuation, s-v agreement, articles and proficiency in cohesion and coherence in their writing. For this study, the researcher took the sample of students studying in Grade nine and ten from a public school of Nawalparasi district. The total sample size consisted of forty students. I used survey method to accomplish the study. As the study was related to the proficiency in free writing, I used the test items such as narrative essay, descriptive essay, letter and dialogue writing. The major finding of the study shows that the Darai students are less proficient in writing skill compared to Non-Darai students. The study has been presented in five chapters; the first chapter consists of general background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of the related literature, implications of review of the study and conceptual framework. Chapter three deals with methods and procedures of data collection which includes sources of data, sample population and sampling procedure, tools and process of data collection, and data analysis and interpretation procedure. Chapter four consists of analysis and interpretation of results, and summary of findings. Likewise the fifth chapter deals with conclusion and recommendations, followed by references and appendices.Item Implementation of continuous assessment system schools(2015) Kadel, Bimala; Laxmi Bahadur MaharjanThis research work entitled Implementation of Continuous Assessment System in Schools has been carried out to find out the tools adopted by the teachers on implementing continuous assessment system in the classroom. In order to carry out this research, I have used purposive non random sampling procedures to select twenty basic level teachers and thirty students from Dang district. The tools applied for data collection were questionnaire having closed ended and open ended questions for teachers and interview for students. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and interpreted using simple statistical tools. After the interpretation of the raw data obtained from the teachers, it was found that the teachers are using the most of the tools but project work and creative work are some of the tools which are less used but the information/ data obtained from the students shows that among the tools which are recommended by CDC teachers are frequently using attendance, homework/ class work, self evaluation, peer evaluation and discussion but project work and creative work are some of the tools which are not used by teachers. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter consists of review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implication of the review and conceptual framework of the research. The third chapter deals with methodology adopted to carry out the research. It consists of design of the study, population of the study, sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedures and delimitations of the study. The fourth chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of results. It consists of analysis of data and interpretation of the results and summary/ discussion of the findings. Finally, the fifth chapter consists of the conclusions and recommendation followed by references and appendices.Item Techniques used by primary level english teachers to motivate students(2024) Dhodari, Ranjita; Reshma AcharyaThe present research study entitled Techniques Used by Primary Level English Teachers to Motivate Students aimed to find out the techniques used by primary level English teachers to motivate students in ELT classroom. To meet the objectives of this study, Iselected 30 primary level English teachers from 15 primary level schools of Nijgadh Municipality,Bara as sample using convenience technique underrandom sampling procedure to select the sample for this study. Questionnaire and classroom observation checklist were used to collect the data for this study. The findings of this study showed thateye contact, calling students by their name, teachers’ movement in the whole class,checking and crossed checking students’ classroom behaviors, cracking jokes, playing games and singing songs and rhymes were the most used techniques to create motivation among primary level students. Similarly, speaking loudly and clearly and frequent walks around the classroom were the best techniques to motivate primary level students in course of teaching. This thesis is organized into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter includes review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Similarly, the third chapter includes design and method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, study areas/field, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedures. Likewise, the fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of results and summary of findings and the fifth chapter includes conclusions and recommendations at three different areas (policy related,practice related and further research related) followed by references and appendices.Item Strategies used by students for promoting communicative competence(2015) Subedi, Santosh; Khem Raj JoshiThe study entitled "Strategies Used by Students for Promoting Communicative Competence" was intended to find out the communicative strategies employed by the class XII learners for promoting their communicative competence. In order to fulfill the objectives of this study, forty higher secondary level students (grade XII) were selected through purposive non-random sampling procedure. A predetermined set of questionnaire including both open and closed ended items were the research tool for eliciting the required information for the study. The collected data from the respondents was analyzed descriptively with the help of simple statistical tools. From the study, students were found using avoidance strategies, repetition and memorization strategies, reduction strategies, collaborative and co-operative strategies frequently for promoting their communicative competence. Similarly, teachers were found to be focusing on student centered activities such as: group work, pair work, role play, describing things and communicative methods for promoting communicative competence of the students. The study is divided into five main chapters. Chapter one deals with introduction. It consists of general background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter is about the review of related literature. It consists of the review of empirical literature, implications of the review for the study, review of theoretical literature and conceptual framework. The third chapter includes methods and procures of the study. It consists of the design of the study, population and sample, sampling procedures, tools of data collection, data collection procedure and the data analysis and interpretation procedures. Chapter four incorporates the results and discussion of the collected data. The fourth chapter includes the data analysis and interpretation of result. The final chapter presents conclusions and implications of the study at different levels of application. The study ends with the list of references and appendix.Item Critical perspectives on educational activities: Lived experienxces of school students and teachers(2024) Sigdel, Surya; Bal Mukunda BhandariAvailable in full text.