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Item Socio-cultural consequences of Phewa Lake water pollution an anthropological study in Pokhara(Department of Anthropology, 2009) Bhurtel, ShantaNot availableItem Education Status of Women in Thuladihi (Anthropological Case Study of Thuladihi VDC Syangja District)(Department of Anthropology, 2010) Pandey, Prem ChandNot availableItem Fertility behaviours of Magar women in Tanahunsur VDC of Tanahun District, Nepal(Department of Anthropology, 2017) Tripathee, PrabhaThis study deals with "Fertility Behaviours of Magar Women in Tanahunsur VDC of Tanahun District, Nepal." To complete this study primary and secondary data were collected. Only 99 respondents of Magar community of Tanahunsur VDC were taken to examine the relation of fertility with socio-economic and demographic variables. The specific objectives of this study are socio-economic and demographic characteristics of ever married women of aged (15-49) to assess the relationship between fertility and specific socio-economic variables as education, occupation, landholding size and also to study the relation with fertility (CEB) and some demographic variables like to age at marriage, child less experience and knowledge of family planning methods. Among the total sample population 46.3 percent were male and 53.6 percent were female. Out of the total population of both sexes of aged 5 years and above the literacy rate was accounted 84.9 percent and 15.1 percent were illiterate. Similarly, among the total population aged 5 years and above, 28.8 percent were involved in agriculture. Majority of the respondent were married at the age of 20 years which is accounted 48.5 percent. Magar community 98 (99.0) percent were married and only 1 (1.0) percent were widow. About 13.5 percent of the respondents had child loss experience. As the total number of 99 respondents100 percent had heard of family planning methods. The mean number of CEB was found to be 2.3 in Magar community. The number of CEB was found in increasing order with increasing aged of women within (45-49) age group had highest mean CEB of 3.3 per women. In this research, only about the Magar community of Tanahunsur VDC Tanahun has been studied. This type of study can be done in other area of Nepal taking the large study area applying different analysis method. This type of study may produce different new result and probably that result can describe the fertility behaviour of the people of Nepal in various ways.Item Effects of land acquisition on livelihood of people: A case study of Gautam Buddha international airport project Bhairahawa, Rupandehi(Department of Anthropology, 2023) Sharma, Surya PrasadThe Gautam Buddha International Airport Project in Bhairahawa, Nepal, has been one of the country's most significant infrastructure developments in recent years. However, the project's impact on local livelihoods due to land acquisition has been a subject of concern. The project has required the acquisition of large tracts of land, which has led to the displacement of communities and affected their livelihoods. This study aims to explore the effects of the Gautam Buddha International Airport Project on the livelihoods of the communities affected by land acquisition. The study employs a qualitative research approach and gathers data through interviews and focus group discussions with affected communities, government officials, and project stakeholders. The study finds that the land acquisition for the project has disrupted the traditional livelihood practices of the affected communities, leading to loss of income and increased vulnerability. However, the project has also created new employment opportunities, and some of the affected communities have been compensated with alternative land and monetary compensation. Overall, the study recommends a more inclusive and participatory approach to land acquisition and compensation, taking into account the social and cultural aspects of the affected communities.Item The impact of Begnas irrigation project on its command area Lekhnath municipality, Kaski(Department of Anthropology, 2010) Bhattarai, Rabindra NathNot availableItem Enculturation of Children in Hostel (An Ethnographic Study of Pestalozzi Children’s Education Centre, Pokhara)(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Shrestha, AjayEnculturation is a life-long process of inculcation whereby an individual learns the principles, values and symbols of social system in which he participates and the expresses them in the roles he enacts. Hostel is the social agent away from home, would definitely play important role in Enculturation process of the children. The study was conducted in Pestalozzi Children’s Education Centre, Birauta-17, Pokhara which was established in 2016. It is an INGO, non-religious, non-profit organization and provides scholarship to high aptitude but socioeconomically deprived children from government schools of rural areas of different districts of Nepal. It tenets the principle of 3Hs (Head, Heart and Hands) principle of Pestalozzi. The objectives of study were to explore the hostel life of children and to examine the hostel strategies in an enculturation process of children in PCEC hostel. Census method was used for sampling because the population was only 30 children (10 boys and 20 girls) aged between 11-14 years old. The research is qualitative in nature. Qualitative data were used. Secondary data comprised books, journals, articles and websites. Primary data was collected through interview with children and staff, observation and Focus Group Discussion with parents. Data was analyzed through qualitative method. The children were from rural villages of 9 different districts of Nepal and belongs to different ethnicity/caste. The hostel teaches responsibility, adjustment, adaptability, punctuality and acceptability among the children. Friends and staff plays important role for sharing feeling, learning, making safe environment of hostel. Hostel has formal structure and has lots of strict rules regarding timetable, food, manner, punishment and rewards to keep the children in discipline. The children miss the family the most during festivals, excitement and low times. Hostel provides self-development classes like carpentry, knitting, computer and gardening. To make children independent, they have regular duties like cleaning, washing, helping in kitchen in the hostel. The children learns about gender equality in hostel practically as boys and girls participate in all the activities equally.Item सङग्रहालयबारे नेपाली आगन्तुकहरूको बुझाई र सेवाहरूप्रतिको धारणा (अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पर्वतीय सङग्रहालय पोखराको एक मानवशास्त्रीय अध्ययन) { Nepali Visitors' Understanding of Museums and Perceptions of Services (An Anthropological Study of the International Mountain Museum Pokhara)(मानवशास्त्र विभाग, 2020) जोशी Joshi, राजन RajanAvailable with full textItem Water Users Group Participation in Irrigation Management in Hemja Irrigation Project, Hemja, Nepal(Department of Anthropology, 2017) Kunwar, AnitaAvailable with full textItem Job Satisfaction among Female Teachers in Public Schools in Pokhara(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Gurung, Kumari Bheem“The job satisfaction among the Female Teachers of Public Schools” is a study on different dimensions of teaching women. The prime aim of this study is to find out the teachers perception on ‘Job Satisfaction’ and to identify the factors which affect job satisfaction. Out of 33 wards in Pokhara Metropolitan city, four wards were selected purposively for this study. There are seven Public Schools in these study area where total numbers of female teachers are 113. In any context education has played a vital role for overall development of the society in the history of mankind. It is duly said that history of mankind is just the history of education. The study has focused on the perception of female teachers regarding job satisfaction. It has been found that job satisfaction according to female teachers isn’t restricted to only salary rather there are other factors as well which they considers the influencing factors. The research shows friendly and supportive colleagues, interesting job, good employee- employer relationship, flexible and safe working place as the most important factors for job satisfaction. Almost all of them wanted some support from their family members for the betterment in their professional lives. Even they desired some sharing in their work with their family members. They do like multiple roles because it proves their capability. But they found it much more when they are not able to manage their roles and responsible in hard times. If female teachers has Gender Responsive working Environment there exists democratic norms in performing school activities teachers would enjoy more freedom of work and turn, her job satisfaction would be better in the present study. Directly or indirectly every respondents accepts that they are stuffed with more work load and responsibilities. Problem faced by women is stress caused by role conflict or multiple roles. There is close relationship between their incomes and expenditure. Their volume of expenditure generally shows their living standard and either they are enjoying the qualitative lives or not. Most of the female teachers are not given the proper opportunities. Also they are facing the problem of underestimation towards them.Item Participation of Local People in the construction and Management of Chautara in Pokhara Metropolitan(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Thapa, AshimaAvailable with full textItem Adaptation Strategies of Migrants: A Study of Hemja, Pokhara Metropolitan City(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Thapa, Tirtha KumariThis study was carried out in Myagdi Chowk, Hemja Pokhara Metropolitan city with the main objective focused on the causes, consequences and adaptation strategies of migrants in Myagdi Chowk, Hemja. This study is based on the study of 150 households under purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were observation, interview and case study. A range of factors is associated with the internal migration of people from their ancestral habitations to Myagdi Chowk, Hemja. The main push factors of migration are the lack of higher education, lack of fertile land, Maoist insurgency and political threats, geographical difficulties, lack of facilities, poor income at the place of origin. The main attraction in Myagdi Chowk are facilities of higher education, fertile land, urban facilities, easy adaption to cultural social status and job opportunities which are not available at the place of origin. Most of the migrants are of economically, physically, mentally active age group (15-59) which portrays that the age factors play a determining role in migration process. Hence it is deduced that migration to Hemja is the result of unbalanced distribution of natural resources and development efforts at the place of origin. Anthropologically migration of people is imperative embedded with centre-periphery relations and population movements produced by regional and global political, economic, and historical processes. The number of migrants who were forced to move by different factors depended largely on the adaptation strategies. The major coping strategies involves an increase in informal sector activity, with previously non-earning household members entering the petty commodity sector, as well as wage-earners taking on supplementary cash-earning activities to adjust to the cost-of living at new destination. Hence it is revealed that the relationship between migration and adaptation is multifold: it concerns not only the regions of origin and destination, but also the migratory movements themselves. The development of adaptation strategies in the regions of origin will be the only way to limit the scale of migration flows to new destinations. However, adaptation should not be exclusively reserved to the region of origin: migration, especially if it is gradual, results in increased demographic pressure on resources in the region of destination. It is only by developing adaptation measures that the host region will be able to cope with increased demographic pressure. Here, a different type of adaptation is needed: it is no longer a question of coping with the impacts of various pushing factors themselves, but with various socioeconomic consequences of adaptation. Prices rise, unavailability of affordable housing, emerging social tension, conflicts, rising human density etc are some of the key concerns of migrants in Hemja. These issues can be particularly acute in future when migrants search for better life without adequately prepared for them. Essential facilities like education, health, drinking water, employment opportunity at the place of origin can control the internal migration. Female education should be encouraged and motivated.Item A Study of Prevalence and Self Care Practices on Hypertension among Adults in Pokhara,Kaski,Nepal(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Sunar, GyanendraAs an economic low-income country, Nepal is experiencing cardiovascular diseases as an emerging health problem. However, studies are lacking on the self-care practices of hypertension diseases in urban communities. Where the socio-demographical transition is in progress. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and self-care practices of respondents on the hypertension disease in Pokhara-27, Nepal. Study design and setting this was a community-based, Description study carried out in Pokhara metropolitan-27 from June 2019 to August 2019. Study site represents one of the rapidly urbanizing places near second city (Pokhara) of Nepal. Study population, sample size and sampling strategy study respondents included adult (>25 years), of any sex and residing as a permanent resident. Sample size was 384. This study conveniently selected 384 respondents. Altogether, 384 adults from to 25 to 60 years of age were selected conveniently. Data were collected through modified WHO STEPS questionnaire for noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors survey and analyzed in SPSS software. Mean age of the respondents was 41 years. Majority of them were male(n=248;64.6%),(43%) represented Brahman and Chetri were 16.4%.Cardiovascular disease risk factors included smoking (32.8%), alcohol consumption (21.4%), insufficient fruit and vegetables intake (%), insufficient physical activity (66.9%), and hypertension (22.1%), They were significantly associated with different socio-demographic characteristics: smoking with gender, age groups and education level; alcohol consumption was with gender, age groups, ethnicity and occupation; insufficient physical activity with gender, age groups and occupation; hypertension with gender, age groups, ethnicity, education level and occupation. A description study was among 384 adults in the Pokhara valley of Kaski district. The study period was from June to August 2019. The level of knowledge and level of practice on hypertension is still very low in people. Result shows that the level of knowledge is significantly associated with the level of practice. People having good knowledge show good practice in their daily life. The level of knowledge and practice among adults is very poor. So, health Programme and BCC should be conducted for increasing awareness and for improving behavior of adults.Item Factors Affecting Utilization of Spiritual Healing in Urban Areas of Pokhara Metropolitian City, Kaski(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Lamichhane, ShovaTraditional/spiritual healing was the foremost and the only option of eliminating human health problems in ancient society. Although there is miraculous success and development of modern medicines, people in this twenty first century are using spiritual healing worldwide. Spiritual healing refers to the practice where unseen power is used to healing, no any herb or medicines are used. This study was conducted on Motivating factors for utilizing spiritual healing in urban areas, in Kaski district. The general objectives of the research was, to find out the factors that motivates the people of urban areas for seeking spiritual healing. According to findings, Spiritual healing is massively prevalent in urban areas of Pokhara and lekhnath city. Peoples are motivated because of their preoccupied concept of supernatural causes, like spirit, ghost, bokshi, evil eyes, masan and curses of ancestors (pitridev) etc are responsible for developing illness in an individual. Many people have experienced the failure of modern medicine and the success of spiritual healing. The type of illness for which people prefer spiritual healer are basically near to psychosomatic illness where patient felt suffered, but there is no any disease diagnosed by modern doctors. Respondents were highly dissatisfied with the procedural delay and expensive test of modern medical facilities. The money and value of time wasted in receiving modern health service is also playing role to push people towards traditional/spiritual healing. The availability of spiritual healer nearby and in a minimal cost; lack of economic right and lack of higher education among patient is also a factor for the utilization of spiritual healing in study area. The spiritual healers' practice of referring patient to modern facilities according to severity/sensitivity makes the spiritual healers more trustable for people; so they are motivated to go first to spiritual healer.Item Rural to Urban Migration in Pokhara Metropolitan City( A Study of the People Migrated from Pumdi-Bhumdi to Birauta and Chhorepathan)(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Baral, SrijanaThe study entitled Rural to Urban Migration in Pokhara Metropolitan City (A Study of the People Migrated from Pumdi-Bhumdi to Birauta and Chhorepatan) has aimed to study the increasing trend of migration from rural home to urban destination. It aims to find out actual reasons behind the migration in near town. This study was accomplished in Birauta and Chhorepatan. The universe of the study is the immigrant household who has migrated from Pumdi-Bhumdi. 90 households were selected by random sampling method. Both analytical and descriptive research designs were used in the research and key data collection instruments were interviews, observations and case studies. The findings of the study reveal that human social groups have migrated in different places since their emergence which is a form of geographical mobility or spatial mobility between one geographical unit and another, generally involving a change in residence from the place of origin of place of departure to the place of destination or place of arrival. This is because of the fact that people are attracted for the luxurious, happy and easy survival. They want to eliminate day-to-day hurdles and live easier and well-managed life. They want to feel the developments and for this reason they choose the easy way, called migration and they become migrants. But some migrants want to return in their place of origin because their current perception is being changed by some signs of development in their own villages. Changes in education, job, income, occupation and in whole lifestyle is seen in every informant's life. Not only positive changes but also some negative impacts such as; increased population density in town and depopulation in village, negligence in development of village are also seen. Rural to urban migration is mainly due to lack of facilities in village such as: transportation, quality education, day-to-day services, medical care, job opportunities etc. This is resulting in overpopulation in city area and depopulation in village. Besides this, the natural resources are improperly distributed i.e. unused in village and overused in city area. This study will help governmental and non-governmental offices, NGOs, INGOs to develop new policies, launch effective programs to control the problems like overpopulation, depopulation, etc thus reducing the population density of town and aid in proportional distribution of population and natural sources for betterment of livelihood in any place.Item User's Perception and Practices on Over-The- Counter Medication in Pokhara (A Study of Selected Pharmacies in Pokhara,Kaski(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Gurung, Tul BahadurDrugs which are sold directly to the consumer without a prescription from a health care profession are called Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. The sale of over-the-counter medicines from the pharmacies can help individuals to self manage symptoms. However, some OTC medicines may be abused with addiction and may harm. People after having some health problems seek the health care settings on the type of practice they usually do. Some of them visit hospital, consult physicians and take the prescribed medicines. Some go through the home care techniques. Some attend to the traditional healers. The rate of incidence of OTC medicines' use is increasing globally day by day. Lives of the people are becoming busier these days and have little time or no to care their health. And at the same time, the treatments are becoming expensive these days. Realizing such situations, this research was carried out to examine the knowledge and perception of OTC users and to analyze the pattern of use of OTC medicines in relation to influencing factors in pokhara. Data was collected from 108 informants from three selected medical halls. Descriptive type of research was done to describe the characteristics of informants. Non probability sampling was chosen to collect the data. The data to be collected were purposive. Semi-structured interview schedule was developed in accordance to fulfillment of the research objective. Then, the data were collected through interviewing directly with the informants at the selected pharmacies. The data collected was mostly quantitative in nature. Interview was the technique employed to collect the required data. Statistical methods were used for the analysis of the quantitative data. In this study, 87% of the informants had developed positive attitudes towards the pharmacists and found a good source of information about minor health problems, 77.8% of the informants' preferred visiting pharmacy rather than visiting doctor. Almost all 93.5% were aware that the medicine if changed in color, odor and change in the shape i.e. breakage should be discarded.81.5% reported that the source of knowledge about OTC medicine was pharmacy.78.7% of the informants reported that the OTC drugs are primarily used for minor illness and injuries. (77.8%) found their health problems were treated successfully by OTC medicines.OTC medicines were commonly used for fever, cold, sore throat, decongestant and cough and aches/pain/headaches. 64.8% of the research reported that they visit the nearby pharmacy/ medical hall after fallen sick. 76.9% initiated self OTC medications by themselves.70.4% purchase OTC medicines telling the symptoms to the pharmacist.70.4% of the informants always check the expiry date of the OTC medicine. 72.2% of the informants reported that they asked the detailed information about the medicine regarding the dose, the frequency for taking medicine, the time to take medicine , It was concluded that more informants preferred visiting pharmacy rather than visiting doctors and hospitals though there is availability of advanced types of services in the hospital. This happened so due to the unavailability of the doctors on time, the crowd, they should be on queue for each and every procedure and found lengthy process. The popularity of OTC medication use among patients may increase the abuse potential of OTC material.OTC medication abuse can be prevented by developing appropriate intervention strategies.Item Significance of “Mangenna Yak” Among Wanem Limbus A case study of Piringe, Dhungesanghu VDC, Taplejung(Department of Anthropology, 2016) Wanem, Nanda KumarNot availableItem Contribution of Community Foresty for Local Development (A Case Study of Tham Telatro Community Forestry Bangsing VDC, Syangja District)(Faculty of Anthropology, 2015) Dhakal , Ram ChandraAvailable with full textItem Silent Sufferings of Old Age People: A Study of Pokhara Aged Shelter(Faculty of Anthropology, 2017) Paudel, KalpanaThe thesis entitled "Silent Sufferings of Old Age People: A Study of Pokhara Aged Shelter" is mainly focused on the daily routine experiences of senior citizens and their sufferings in daily life. A descriptive qualitative case study design was used to explore the experiences. The senior citizens from Pokhara Aged Shelter were selected in the study. The total number of respondents was 25. The primary data was obtained from the field work with in-depth interview. Qualitative data was recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis was made. Elderly people describe themselves as useless and worthless. They have nothing to contribute to social life and the community. Social activities are reduced after ageing. They have fear of pain, disability, decline, loss of control and death and also involved feelings of anxiety, fear and powerlessness. Elderly people have negative feelings such as emptiness, sadness, resignation, frustration, loneliness and regret. It could be caused by living alone, limited activities or troubles to cope with ageing. They feel discouraged and helpless. During the ageing process, they give up daily activities gradually. Old age is not a problem itself but it becomes a problem when the obvious physical and mental changes brought by old age make men unable to do their own necessary basic things. The issue of senior citizen and old age should be addressed appropriately as other social problems in society. Older persons missed having somebody to share their small daily experiences. Even though elderly people maybe already have lost their friends or other important persons, people who are still alive should keep in touch with them to support their ageing process. Family is an important factor that contributed to the elderly people’s ability to cope with. Positive attitudes bring benefits for ageing process.Item तनहुँ क्यामिनका बोटे जातिको विवाह पद्धति एक समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन {Marriage System of the Bote Caste of Tanahun Camin A sociological Study}(मानवशास्त्र सङ्काय, 2015) पण्डित pandit, सूचना SuchanaAvailable with full textItem दुरा समुदायको परम्परा र कृषि प्रणाली बीचको सम्बन्धको मानवशास्त्रीय अध्ययन { Traditions and Agriculture of Dura Community of the Relationship between Systems}(मानवशास्त्र सङ्काय, 2015) दुरा Dura, सुमित्रा देवी Sumitra DeviAvailable with full text