Browsing by Subject "Anthropocentrism"
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Item Anthropocentric Eco-Judgement in Corbett's Man Eaters of Kumaon(Department of English, 2008) Gautam, RabindraMy study in Corbett's Man Eaters of Kumaon is to show the deteriorating environmental ethics due to the hunting motif undertaken by Corbett himself towards the wild lives, and to plea for the balanced and healthy environment. In quest of establishing anthropo-supremacy, he happens to be blind towards the animal rights. Wild lives are killed by Corbett in order to protect the rule of human beings forgetting the logic of organic whole. But he is oblivious towards the indirect self-suffering as the logic of organic whole supposes all the things into the same circle and are treated and located equally. Nature is an organic whole, in an intricate web with man, which Corbett totally discards here. By not assimilating the logic of nature, Corbett along with the villagers of Kumaoni region suffer themselves. Therefore, with the motif of anthropocentrism, and thereby exploiting on nature, Corbett eventually gets himself in destructive self together with the Kumaoni villagers.Item Appeal for Biotic Community in Daniel Quinn's Ishmael(Department of English, 2018) Chaudhary, NareshAn attempt has been made to analyze Daniel Quinn'sIshmaelthrough the perspective of ecocriticism in which he ignores anthropocentric outlook of the world and appeals humankind for biotic community. Representing an animal, Quinn speaks on behalf of preserving andconserving environment, nature and ecosystem of the earth. Moreover, he seeks for unity among community of different natural entities. This paper emphasizes on how humans tend to exploit and deteriorate environment and nature exposing their superiority. But human superiority is going to be more tragic for human themselves to see their own dooming existence.The theoretical concept of Aldo Leopold's "The Land Ethic" and Paul W. Taylor's "Respect for Nature" are drawn in this paper. Key Words: Biotic community, Ecosystem, Nature, Human superiority, Ecocriticism, Anthropocentrism.Item Appreciation of the Ethic of Respect for Nature in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451(Department of English, 2018) Bhatt, Deepak PrashadThis research paper examines the issue of ethics of respect for nature in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 embedded with the spiritual revitalization of Guy Montag, the protagonist of the novel. It also investigates the triangular relationship among human, nature and civilization. Bradbury reveals his respect for nature by showing the spiritual revitalization in Guy Montag, criticizing the world of commodity and consumerism associated with Mildred Montag and showing the destructive impacts of nuclear war upon human and nonhuman organism. Bradbury exposes his ethics of respect for nature in order to provide the ecological consciousness to the American individualistic and materialistic people that nature is a system of mutual adaptation and interdependence where we can retain the respect for human if we have the respect for nature. Deploying the theoretical insights related to ethics of nature put forwarded by Paul W. Tylor and Aldo Leopold, the study reveals that human being should avoid the moral and intellectual sterility and know his or her place in the natural world by connecting himself or herself with the stability, integrity and beauty of the bio-tic communityItem Biocentric View in David Robertson’s George Mallory: Bibliotheca Himalayica(Department of English, 2022) Khadka, Keshab BahadurThe present research paper is an interactive study of David Robertson's biographical text George Mallory: Bibliotheca Himalayica from the perspective of biocentrism in which the mountaineer George Mallory has presented his biocentric attitudes towards the nature. Mount Everest, as a part of nature, is a neutral symbol of nature.The biography of George Mallory celebrates the biocentrism by describing the positive images of alluring beauty of Mount Everest and neglecting the anthropocentric attitude., where Mallory who is devotee of the nature, not an enemy. With his spontaneous overflow of feelings towards nature, wherever he wanders in the mountain areas,he never expresses his bitter expression about the surroundings rather he uses the positive images of beauty of nature. Mallory was a nature prayer who as similates his life in the lap of beautiful nature but unfortunately,he got lost in the Mount Everest. However, Mount Everest is not to be blamed; the nature is benevolent;,it liberates the human heart from any biasness. Key Words: anthropocentrism, biocentrism, nature, EverestItem Critique of Anthropocentric Disposition in Lasse Hallstrom’s Hachiko(Department of English, 2021) Lama, SitashmaThis paper examines the anthropocentric attitude on the movie Hachiko by Less Hells tromandestablishes the possibility of ethical relationship with non-human beings. This movie critiques the anthropocentric view of a human beings which put human beings at the centre of this eco-system. Similarly this movie put forward the idea of equality of all living beings like that of a dog, human being and all other living being in this planet. This paper analyzes the anthropocentric disposition in the movie. It has used ecocritical perspective of Peter Singer and Val Plum wood.Their work concerns with non-human being's existence in nature.The issue of hierarchy among natural entities where humans’ behavior towards animal seems mixed has been depicted in a proper way from the technique of visual effects and cinematography. In present world human beings take themselves as superior and neglecting the existence of othernon-human living species of nature. So, this research emphasizes the ecological approach towards living beings. Human should give equal priority towards all living beings.The movie advocates for bio-centric world. Keywords: Anthropocentrism, eco-criticism, environmental ethics, bio-diversity and cinematographyItem Critique of Anthropocentrism in Cameron’s Avatar(Central Department of English, 2017) Lamichhane, Hari KrishnaThis dissertation is an ecocritical reading on James Cameron’s movie, Avatar The research argues that Cameron is worried about the future of the world due to human encroachment upon nature and critiques the exploitation of nature throughou the movie. In the movie, he presents a critical situation of future world when the natural resources from the earth will vastly be exploited. The scientists, however, go to the Pandora and start exploiting natural resources mercilessly destroying the hometree of the indigenous creatures who are all living together. The dissertation applies the theory of eco-criticism to study the devastating results of human encroachment upon nature in the movie. As the focus of the research is an eco-critic analysis, it mainly borrows ideas from Val Plumwood’s “The Blindspots of Centricism and Human Self-enclosure”, and Cheryll Glotfelty’s “Introduction: Literary studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis” among others whose theory on eco-criticism will be the base for this study. The significance of this approach is to show Cameron’s critique of nature exploitation and his call for reconciliation with nature that Cameron appeals through his choice of the protagonist Jack Sully, who loves nature and all the wildlife in the Pandora and even marries a Na’vi girl, Niyeti Finally, the dissertation asserts that Avatar is a great epic literary work because it warns human beings of the possible future situation due to energy crisis and calls for nature conservation by reconciling with it as a solution.Item Deep Ecological Consciousness in Majid Majidi’s The Color of Paradise(Department of English, 2017) Rawal, ParvatiThis research work focuses on the issues of the inter-relationship between organism and ecosystem in Majid Majidi’sThe Color of Paradise (1999). The protagonists of the movie are guided by ecological awareness and evoked their sense of love and empathy to nature through their empathetical deeds. This ecological consciousnessgives intensive insights or convey long term deep messages to the people who are anthropocentric regarding their everyday activities. The study examines the issues of the inter-relationship between human and nature throughout the film. The characters devote themselves for the welfare of others and are engaged so seriously in order to protect the non-human creatures that most of thepeople generally ignore. This research addresses the importance of empathetical sense or ecological awareness to avoid global ecological crisis. In order to analyze the text, the ecocritical study with reference to the philosophy of deep ecology from the perspective of Arne Naess, George Sessions and Bill Devall is used as the theoretical tool in the research. By using the theory of deep ecology the research gives the message that all human and non-human life in nature has equal intrinsic worth and renunciation of materiality and adoption of ecofriendly notion is inescapablefor welfare and happiness.The Color of Paradise presents deep ecological insights in the form of visual art that the protagonists of the film through their empathetical deeds extends ecological awareness against anthropocentrism.Item Eco-critical Awareness in John Steinbeck's The Pearl(Department of English, 2019) Tharu, DineshThis research paper examines the mutual relationship between human beings and nature in John Steinbeck's The Pearl. Furthermore, it expands the eco-critical awareness in the protagonist Kino when he forgets his Mexican ecological awareness: respect, devotion, responsibility to protect the nature (Pearl) and departs to American individualism to satisfy his/her materialistic desires: food, cloth, education, marriage and consumption of commodity which results unhappiness and ruin. For the analysis, this paper uses theories of biocentrism of Paul W. Taylor, Lawrence Buell, and William Rueckert. Likewise, the theories of life-centered system of ethics and reverence of life are by Paul .W. Taylor and Albert Schweitzer. The examination of these ideas concerning biocentrism, life-centered systems of ethics and reverence of life lead to a finding that Kino who forgets his Mexican Indian ecological awareness and departs to excessive individualism which leads him to face crisis to his family and lives. Hence, Kino regains his previous happy, peaceful, communal life, and tie with nature by showing deep respect, reverence, devotion and responsibility to nature. Through this paper, it examines the happiness and prosperity does not lie in American materialism. Rather, it lies in Kino's own Mexican Indian community, culture, ritual, moral values and ethics towards the nature. Key words: nature, anthropocentrism, reverence of life, ethics.Item Nature as an actor in Jon Krakauer's into thin air(Department of English, 2022) Thakulla, JagatThis research is an attempt to portray Jon Krakauer’s Into Thin Air from the perspective of ecocriticism where the notion of nature as an actor has been used. It analyzes the exploitation of Mt. Everest, and how the power of Mt. Everest challenges and changes the existing anthropocentric mindsets. It follows details from starting of Mt. Everest climbing to the impact of climbing on its climbers. In the beginning, it seems that climbers are getting victory over it. But, later on, their victory turns into defeat. The research questions the human-centered notions which valorize the excessive use and exploitation of nature. So, this memoir is representation of nature as an actor. Particularly, the ideas of Cheryll Glotfelty have been used. Overall, this paper attempts to extend the horizon of preservation, sustainability, and equal respect of nature which is the only way to save this earth and human beings including other species and its ecosystem. Key Words: Anthropocentrism, Exploitation, Actor, Ecocriticism, Preservation of NatureItem Subversion of anthropocentric viewpoint in Jules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earth(Department of English, 2016) Pant, Mahesh DattJules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earththrows light upon the consequences brought up by anthropocentric misdeeds of humankind on ecology. It designates an expedition to the core of the Earth to subvert anthropocentric instinct inherited from ancestral myths and tales as well as the Enlightenment or the sense of rationality.This research exposes the human world as the responsible being to bring ecological crisis on the surface of the Earth. In order to illustrate such things, this research takes upon the symbolic representation of pre-historic world and response of nature towards Verne’s characters and their deeds.To interrogate the deeds of humankind, the researchercarries ontheinsightsof biocentrism as well as deep ecologyof different ecocritical scholars as Rob Boddice,Greg Gerrard,Timothy W. Luke,Cheryll Glotfelty,Lawrence Buelland so on.By analyzing thetale of lost worldswiththe existence of extinct zoological and botanical species in the bowels of the Earth, this researchstrikesthe humankind as the sourceof degeneration of environment and extinction of numerous species on the surface of the Earth.It also makes a point that human race must keep limitationsto deal with nature andevaluate their misdeeds intended to conquer, humanize, domesticate, exploit or manipulate the natural phenomenon through unwise experiments of science and technology.Thus,it leaves a lesson to humankind to think and evaluate their egocentric knowledge in order to keep harmony with nature and shield the generations that have to follow.Item Subversion of Anthropocentric Worldview in Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu'sThe Revenant(Department of English, 2021) Thing, SumitaThis research paper analyses Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu’s movie The Revenant in the light of environmental consciousness and how it subverts anthropocentric world view by bio-centric world view. It further explores portrayal of anthropogenic activities and how nature takes revenge upon human beings. When human crosses their boundary by exploiting nature to optimum level, then anger of nature comes as revenge which brings the life threatening consequences that no human can surpass.It carries the message regarding importance of natural world that every living thing is the part of the nature who needs to value the Mother Nature and cope up with it.The downfall of protagonist Hugh Glass and other characters, for instance;Hawk, Captain Henry and Fitzgerald are the result of their self-centered action. These reel life characters represent the real life reality that how every single day human tires to win over nature by destroying it. This whole tussles and clash between human and nature has been depicted through the use of different visual effects and cinematic techniques.