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Item Prediction of Optimum Bitumen Content in Asphalt Mix Design Using Artificial Neural Network(I.O.E, 2024-07) Giri, Moti Ram; Tamrakar, Gautam Bir SinghThe Marshall design process, commonly employed for estimating Optimum Bitumen Con-tent (OBC), is known for its designation as the asphalt mix design and quality control of asphalt concrete is often constrained by the conventional Marshall Mix Design methodol-ogy. Which is characterized by its time-intensive nature, labor requirements, and suscepti-bility to result variations. This study explores different predictive modeling techniques to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of determining Optimum Binder Content (OBC), Me-chanical and Volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt. The study examines Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) models to predict mechanical (MST, MFV) and volumetric prop-erties (AV, BSG, VFA, VMA) using variables such as aggregate gradation, specific grav-ity, and proportions of fine and coarse aggregates in the mix. A comprehensive dataset of 148 Marshall mix design forms was collected, and 141 valid sets were used after outlier analysis. Descriptive statistics revealed skewness, and compliance checks against SSRBW 2016 standards highlighted areas of concern in Marshall quotient and Filler-Binder Ratio. Centrality analysis showed significant deviations between mid-point gradation and sample mean for specific gradations.Item Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Road Traffic Crash Hotspots in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal(I.O.E, 2024-07) K.C., Anuradha; Pradhananga, RojeeKathmandu Valley is one of the rapidly urbanizing cities in Nepal, which registers the highest incidence of road traffic crashes compared to other regions in the country. Identifying the dangerous road sections where the crashes happen frequently (or simply hotspots) is a critical initial move towards devising effective strategies for reducing the future severe incidences in the Valley. On this account, this thesis aimed to pinpoint the hotspots in the Valley by examining the spatial and temporal patterns of reported traffic crashes. The study also took an additional step by investigating relationship of hotspot occurrences with two spatial factors; population density and land use. The study utilized three years of crash data (2019-2021) collected from Traffic Police Office, and road network polylines obtained from Survey Department. Of the total data, 23,278 (79.55%) crashes and 912.54 km of road network were analyzed. The temporal distribution reveals a notable increasing trend of crashes and their severity. The incidence of fatalities and severe injuries reaches its highest level during the month from October to April. The highest frequency of crashes is recorded during the weekday morning rush hours, from 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM, in the afternoon time, from 12.00 PM to 4:00 PM and in the evening around sunset, from 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM, but severer incidences are reported during night hours and during weekendsItem Assessing Service Quality of Ride Hailing Bike Service within Kathmandu Valley(I.O.E, 2024-07) Chaudhary, Ambika; Shrestha, Pradeep K.Adopting a sustainable transportation approach necessitates a shift towards eco-friendly travel modes, such as ride-hailing bike services like Pathao and Indrive. These services which have introduced a potentially transformative change to Nepal's transportation landscape are prominent in Kathmandu valley, as evidenced by their daily ridership and public recognition. Being a relatively new concept, assessing its service quality is crucial for its continued viability. Evaluating perceived service quality involves a complex decision making process that considers various observed and unobserved factors. This study evaluates the service quality of Pathao and Indrive bike services using structure equation modeling to identify unobserved influencing factors. Six latent factors were identified through factor analysis. An empirical model was developed to understand the interactions among key variables affecting service quality. SPSS 22 and SPSS Amos 21 were used for model development. The study found that user safety is the most significant latent variable influencing service quality followed by service features and application efficiency. The heterogeneity among users regarding different service quality attributes were also analyzed. This study will provide valuable insights to improve these services, enhancing their effectiveness and usability and provide clarity to inform suitable policy decisions.Item Experimental Testing and Characterization of Bambusa Balcooa and bambusa Nutans for Analysis and Design of Bamboo Structures(2023-12) Poudel, SarowarThe purpose of this research/thesis is to investigate and define (for the first time) the mechanical properties of the two natively growing and primarily utilized bamboo species in Nepal, namely: Ban/Dhanu baans (Bambusa balcooa) and Maal baans (Bambusa nutans). Here bamboo related ISO standards and ASTM D 5764 – 97a (2002) were followed for conducting material tests and analysis. Shaft-bolt arrangement of connections were tested according to the preexisting details used previously in construction in Nepal. While Gusset plate arrangement of connection were designed using material properties of B. balcooa with intent of IIIs or IV mode of failure according to yield equations from TR 12 of American Wood Council, then tested. These two typologies of connection were tested from both species, each having two variants namely, confined (with hose-clamps) and unconfined (without hose-clamps). Measurement and Test data were analyzed to compute geometrical imperfection in bamboo culms, characteristic values of mechanical strengths and interpretation of connection tests.Item STUDY OF PAVEMENT RESPONSE TO VEHICLE LOADING AND EVALUATION OF DAMAGE DUE TO OVERLOAD(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Paudel, Roshit Raj; Laha, Kamlesh; Subedi, Pratik; Khadka, Pratiksha; Timilsina, Sabit; Katwal, SailendraFlexible pavements are extensively utilized in roadway and airport construction due to their capacity to endure traffic loads and deformations. Finite element (FE) analysis has emerged as a prominent tool for projecting the performance of flexible pavements subjected to varying traffic loads and environmental conditions. In this report, an FE model of a flexible pavement was established and scrutinized through the use of the commercial software ABAQUS. The model encompassed numerous layers, including asphalt concrete, base, subbase, and subgrade layers. Validation of the FE model was done using IITPAVE. The linear model of the developed stress exhibited an increment in response with a rise in vehicular speed, whereas the viscoelastic model revealed a decline in stress with an increase in vehicular speed. It was found that the viscoelastic pavement has a higher response than linear elastic pavement and was concluded that the viscoelastic pavement is subjected to damage earlier than the linearly elastic pavement due to the development of more strain in viscoelastic pavement than in linearly elastic pavement. The findings of the FE analysis divulged that the pavement responses were heavily influenced by the individual properties of the various pavement layers and the traffic loads applied. Additionally, the report addresses the issue of pavement failure due to overloaded vehicles on highways in Nepal, which reduces the road's service life. The findings indicate that the major cause of pavement failure is vehicle overload, with a decrease in remaining service life for the pavement ranging from 46 to 68 percent for an average value of overloading. The study also found that the required increase in asphalt overlaying due to vehicle overload is 15 to 21 percent for an average value of overloading. The CESAL values obtained through different methods provide fairly consistent estimates for the reduction in pavement service life and the increase in overlay thickness.Item STUDY OF COMBINED PILE RAFT FOUNDATION ON THE SOIL OF CHAKUPAT AREA(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Pathak, Aastha; Mahat, Anil; Paudel, Bikram; Shrestha, Binayaraj; Banstola, Binit; Chhantyal, BipinTraditional foundations cannot support a structure on weak soil or heavily settling soil. For the purpose of controlling settlement, pile raft foundations are used, with the raft part providing additional capacity at ultimate loading while the piles provide the majority of stiffness under serviceability loads. The utilisation of pile raft foundations in the Chakupat area which lies in the Kathmandu Valley is the subject of this research. The Kathmandu Valley is located in an earthquake-prone area. After the 2015 earthquake, it is suggested to implement a more solid and appropriate building strategy. The ideal alternative for the construction is a piling raft foundation. As more and more tall structures are constructed in Kathmandu, the pile raft foundation has a good chance of success in the valley of Kathmandu. This research explains the idea behind using piles to reduce settlement for raft foundations as well as how pile rafts behave in the soil of Chakupath area. Model tests using the ideas of an embedded pile and a volumetric pile are carried out and compared.This study shows the percentage of weight carried by piles in the CPRF (Combined pile raft foundation) falls as the number of piles is reduced, and increases as pile length is raised. The findings of the model were compared with other papers as well as with analytical calculations for confirmations. A foundation with raft thickness of 0.6 m, pile length of 15 m, diameter of 1 m, and spacing of 4 m is the most suited in Chakupat Area when taking into consideration the examination of the soil structure, settlement, economy, and load sharing. The results show that the CPRF model has a bearing capacity of 573969.62kN, a factor of safety of 4.42, and a stiffness of 433886.01 kN/m. The estimated cost for the selected model was NRs. 76109910.25. The study concluded that CPRF was a feasible foundation for the soil of the Chakupat area, and the proposed model was safe for construction. The findings can provide valuable information for future construction projects in the area, and the cost estimation can aid in budget planning.Item “DELINEATION OF GROUND WATER RECHARGE POTENTIAL ZONES OF CHITWAN DISTRICT”(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Shiwakoti, Shubham; Aryal, Smaran; Giri, Subash; Pandit, Suraj; Timsina, Susan; Agrawal, TarunThis research analyzes the ground water recharge potential and identifies the high ground water recharge potential zones in Chitwan district. The calculation and estimation of groundwater recharge is the way to understand the groundwater reservoir and forecast its potential accessibility. The main objective of this study is to assess the groundwater recharge and its controlling factors at Chitwan District included as Rapti and Narayani catchment basin. Groundwater recharge process is crucial for maintaining the water balance in an area and securing sustainable water supply for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes and it is also very necessary for the management of both surface and subsurface water resources. Our study uses the application of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) on geospatial analysis for the exploration of potential zones for artificial groundwater recharge. Various aspects of earth surface features such as geology, geomorphology, soil types, land use and land cover, slope, aspect, precipitation, population density, elevation etc. are taken in consideration that influence the groundwater recharge in either direct or indirect way. These thematic layers are prepared and extracted using population data, Landsat 8 image, topographical map, and various other data sources. Weighted analysis and union of data obtained is used for formation of recharge map in this study. A pair-wise matrix analytical method is used to calculate the geometric mean and normalized weight of individual parameters also known as AHP analysis. Further, the normalized weighted layers are mathematically overlaid for preparation of groundwater recharge potential zone map. The results reveals that around 133.17 sq. km (6%) of total area has been identified as high potential zone for groundwater recharge. The forest areas in central part and south western part have high potential for groundwater recharge. Hilly and mountain terrains in north Mahabharata range are considered as unsuitable zone with very low groundwater recharge potential.Item Detailed Engineering Survey, Design and Cost estimation of Chhaling Road(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Maharjan, Garima; Khadka, Gaurav; Shreesh, Hari; Shrestha, Isha; Adhikari, Niraj; Adhikari, PrashantItem EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTISTORIED HOSPITAL BUILDING(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Dhakal, Dipak; Maharjan, Kiran Kumar; Sharma, Kushal; Tiwari, Nimee; Awasthi, Nishant; Sigdel, Nishchal NathThe objective of this project is not solely restricted to the B.E. Civil final semester curriculum, as it also offers the student community a comprehensive report on "Seismic Analysis and Design of Multistoried Hospital Building," covering a range of topics. A building must satisfactorily fulfill numerous functions, both structural and aesthetic. These functions include the building's usability for its intended purpose and occupancy, its structural safety, its ability to withstand fires, and its adherence to hygienic sanitation, ventilation, and daylight standards. Additionally, the building must be stable and structurally sound, with its design dependent on the minimum requirements for each of these functions. Following the Gorkha Earthquake that occurred on April 25th, 2015, the construction of multistoried buildings has been under close scrutiny and supervision by structural engineers. Before commencing construction, it is vital to verify the design quality of various structural elements of a building and maintain quality control during the construction process. Additionally, it is essential to consider the different types of loads that the structure will encounter during its service life. This report outlines the considerations, procedures, and results of the structural design of a hospital building to be constructed in Pokhara. In this report, special care has been taken to the analysis of vertical and lateral forces and detailing of structural elements and is conformed to respective codes in every way possible. Efforts been made to ensure that this report is free of errors, but mistakes may still occur. Constructive criticism is warmly welcomed, and we would be obliged if any errors are brought to our attention.Item ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP YIELD: A CASE OF TULSIPUR, DANG(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Lekhak, Bhakti; Bastola, Bishal; Karna, Chandra Jyoti; Banjade, Dipesh; Zuber, Md.; Kalauni, NabinClimate change has created a serious concern for food security, extreme hydrological conditions, environment, ecology, health, and even entire human civilization. A developing country like Nepal is even more vulnerable to climate change impacts due to our weak infrastructure. Climate change is projected to have devastating impacts on crop yield. This study aims to assess the impacts of climate change on crop water requirements and crop yield in Tulsipur, Dang. It also aims to aid climate research in Nepal by the development of climate information system and projection of future climate in the region using Global Climate Models (GCMs). Temperature and precipitation data from stations all over Nepal were acquired in a gridded format by Kriging with External Drift (KED) interpolation. For the projection of future data, five CMIP6 based GCM models were used, and bias corrected to form an ensemble. Future climatic data was obtained under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Scenarios (SSPs): SSP245 and SSP585. The multi-model ensemble (MME) approach was used to minimize uncertainty associated with model predictions, and GCMs proposed were selected. The quantile mapping (QM) method was used for correcting the biases in the GCMs, and the RQUANT method was chosen for rainfall data, while the ‘PTF: linear method’ was used for temperature data. A crop simulation model (AquaCrop) was calibrated and validated using cultivar-specific and less conservative parameters obtained from farmer surveys, input climatic daily data, and soil properties. The calibrated model was then used to predict future crop yield scenarios for rice and wheat under different irrigation strategies and fertility stress levels. The data acquired from the climate information system has shown a good fit (R2 = 0.913) with nearby station data in Tulsipur and hence shows promising utility in replacing station data as starting point for future climate studies. Additionally, climate projection studies show that Dang is expected to experience progressive warming and increased rainfall in future (2021-2100). Wet seasons are projected to continue receiving more rainfall and rising temperatures which is likely to induce extreme events such as flooding. Conversely, dry winter seasons are likely to be drier and hotter in the future, which is detrimental to winter crops. The results of our study show a positive response of crop yield to climate change. Rice yield is projected to increase by as much as 112% by 2100 under extreme carbon emission scenarios. Similarly, wheat yield is projected to increase as much as 165% under similar ideal conditions. On the other hand, crop water requirements are projected to increase for both rice and wheat. The study also provides useful information for climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in Nepal and recommends further research to improve the accuracy and reliability of crop simulation.Item "Review of Detailed Engineering Design Document of Punyamati-Chandeshwori Section of Araniko Highway"(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Poudel, Sanjeewani; Acharya, Shaishav; Pathak, Sudip; Khan, Waseem Akram; Aryal, Sitaram; Khanal, SanjayaItem “EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF IRREGULAR MULTI-STOREYED RCC COMMERCIAL BUILDING”(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Sapkota, Aashish; Shrestha, Abhinav; Gupta, Akhilesh Prasad; Chapagain, Anil; Khanal, Shreeya; Shrestha, SophiyaAs a part of the four year course of Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering at Tribhuvan University in fourth year, Project I and II were included on the curriculum where we were given an opportunity to analyze and design a building by applying the theoretical knowledge that we obtained over the period of 4 years. In this project “Earthquake Resistant Design of Multi-Storied RCC Commercial Building”, we idealized, analyzed and designed a commercial building abiding by IS codes and NBC codes. The main aim of this project work was to synthesize comprehensively the knowledge gained during course work for a practical application of civil engineering discipline in real life. Reinforced Concrete is the most commonly used construction material for building houses, complexes in Nepal. Structures built must provide a feeling of safety, comfort and must not harm residents living even during calamities like fire, earthquake etc. Hence, in this report all the measures are adopted to make the structure functional, stable, economic and safe. Codes like IS:456; 2000, IS:1893;2016, IS 13920-2016, NBC:105;2020 SP 16-1980, SP 34-1987 were used and software like AUTOCAD, ETABS, SAP etc were used for drawing, analyzing and modeling the structure. Despite the resource and time limitation, the project has been completed successfully on time. With the hope that the design and drawings will be enough as per ductile design consideration and Codal provision, we have completed the report on the building project. Although every care has been taken to remove all the mistakes, yet some of them might have remained unnoticed. We will feel grateful if errors are brought or for any suggestions, comments or opinions.Item PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INDRAWATI-III RUN-OFF RIVER HYDROPOWER PROJECT(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Neupane, Daman Raj; Yadav, Anmol; Lamsal, Ashutosh; Yadav, Ashutosh; Chaudhary, Basudev; Gubhaju, BuddhaThe study entitled “A Pre-feasibility Study of Indrawati III ROR Hydropower Project” is part of the partial fulfillment of a Bachelor’s Degree of Civil Engineering. The Study focused on finding the technical and financial viability of power generation from Indrawati River located in Sindhupalchowk district in the Central Region of Nepal. The Flow records and rainfall data of the nearby gauging stations and rainfall stations were obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. The data are used to determine the flood discharge and average flow of the Indrawati River at the project Site. Using GIS software, the catchment area of the intake site of Indrawati was calculated, which is equal to 431.34 km2 . The rainfall and discharge data obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology was analyzed and the flood discharge was derived using various methods. The flooding discharge is found 871.46 m3 /s for 100 years return period. Based on the design discharge with Q40 (of 40% of discharge exceedance flow), the installed capacity is found to be 8.02 MW. Three Francis turbines are used for the power generation. Using tunnel optimization techniques, the minimum diameter of the headrace tunnel is found 3.3 m. Three nos. of penstocks pipes were proposed to connect the turbines. And penstock optimization techniques were applied to find the economical penstock diameter, which is 2m of each. The total annual energy production was found to be 47.686 GWh. Owing to the PPA provided by NEA, electricity will be sold at Rs. 4.8 per unit during wet season and Rs. 8.4 per unit during dry season. Based on this, the total annual revenue will be NRs 249 million. The design life of the project is taken as 40 years. The preliminary cost estimation of the hydropower project is done for the economic analysis using Benefit Cost ratio (BCR) and IRR methods. Financial analysis shows the BCR is about 2.02 and IRR equal to 20.59% with discount period of 10 years. This suggests the economic viability of project. Hence, the project is recommended to further (feasibility) study and detail analysis as well as EIA is recommended as the capacity of the project exceeds 5MW.Item DESIGN OF GRAVITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, PHEDI, TARAKESHWOR(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Bishwokarma, Keshav; Bhusal, Rajan; Tiwari, Sandesh; Ghimire, Sujan; Shrestha, SumanThe final year project of a four-year bachelor’s degree aims to give students a smooth transition between the academic and professional worlds. It allows students to demonstrate a wide range of skills learned during the period of four years of study and put them into practice in real world applications. It encourages them to get involved in team work and learn to interact in a professional setting. We, a group of five students, undertook a water supply project entitled “Design of Gravity Water Supply System, Phedi Tarakeshwor” and completed the work by the end of the final semester. The project area lies in Phedi of Tarakeshwor Municipality, Kathmandu of central region of Nepal. The area is surrounded by hills on three sides and by Kathmandu Metropolitan City on the remaining side. Currently, there are around 150 houses with a total population of 735. This project's primary goal is to design a water supply system that will suffice the water demand in the area. Design period of 20 years is taken with an annual growth rate of 1.846% (based on the census of 2038 to 2078). Daily demand of 110 lpcd is assumed considering institutions, farms, and health posts. AutoCAD software is used for drawing of the designed structures and EPANET software is used for analysis of pipe networks. Surveying of the site, laboratory water tests, and design of spring intake sedimentation tank, filtration tank, reservoir tank and pipe networks with their estimation was done. The reservoir tank is designed based on the capacity calculated, considering an intermittent water supply system.Item SEDIMENT DEPOSITION ANALYSIS OF NAUMURE RESERVOIR(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-04) Bhatt, Nabin; Gautam, Saurab; Bhandari, Shishir; Chaudhary, Subash; Kunwar, Subash; Dahal, VishanThe proposed Naumure Multipurpose project is located near Bhalubang of western Nepal. The project's benefits include hydropower production, irrigation, flood control and navigation. The proposed dam height of the Naumure reservoir is 165 m. Sedimentation deposition in reservoirs leads to the loss of the capacity of reservoirs, damaging the reservoirs and dam infrastructures thus, by sediment analysis such problems can be mitigated by making the policy. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainability of the Naumure multipurpose project with respect to the probable sedimentation in it. HEC-RAS 1D is used as the numerical modelling tool for the simulation of sediment transport. Rating curve calculator using HEC-RAS is used for obtaining sediment rating curve at Chernata station and Bagasotigaon station. The submergence is extended in the main and two tributaries, so sufficient length i.e. 2.21 km for main West Rapti, 25.46 km and 18.58 km for Mari and Jhimruk River respectively from Confluence point with Main West Rapti are considered for modelling. The Correlation coefficient obtained using observed and simulated sediment load at Bagasotigaon station for calibration of the model for three years (1985-1988) is 65.1% and the correlation coefficient using computed and simulated sediment load for Validation of model at Bagasotigaon station for three years (1990-1993) is 86.27%. Delta propagation deposition pattern is seen in the reservoirs. The percentage loss in the storage of Naumure reservoir for 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years are 0.61%, 1.46%, 2.39%, 3.37% and 7.4% respectively. The most influential and important five parameters: computational increment, transport function, maximum scour depth, sorting method and fall velocity method are selected for the sensitivity analysis. Among this transport function is the most sensitive parameterItem “EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTIPURPOSE BUILDING”(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-05) Devkota, Prakrit; Pokhrel, Priyanshu; Kandel, Ram Krishna; Miya, Rijab Ali; Katwal, Safal; Poudel, SangamIn the final semester of the curriculum of Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering offered by Tribhuwan University, Institute of Engineering (IoE), an integral part of the course is the project work whereby the students are expected to implement their theoretical knowledge acquired in the span of the four years in Bachelor’s, to various practical field. The projects can be along a wide spectrum of areas of Civil Engineering, which may be allocated by the institute or may be selected by the students themselves. Earthquakes have been one of the more significant factors that have a direct impact on the design of multi-storeyed frame buildings in seismically active earthquake-prone zones like Nepal. The aftermath of the Gorkha Earthquake in Baishakh 12, 2072 has created a scenario where more consideration has been given to proper earthquakeresistant design in Nepal. The damage incurred in the earthquake caused unprecedented loss during this time, and an attempt is to be made to minimize the disastrous impacts of such earthquakes in the future through proper design techniques. While it is not feasible to construct a completely earthquake-proof structure, emphasis is to be put on Earthquake Resistant Design. The project Earthquake Resistant Design of Commercial Building is chosen with the hope that the concerned parties are more aware of the concept of earthquake-resistant design in order to ensure adequate safety of both life and property. This project work has been undertaken for the partial fulfillment of requirements for the Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering. This project work contains structural analysis, design, and detailing of a commercial building. All the theoretical knowledge on analysis and design acquired during the course works is utilized with practical application. The main objective of the project work is to acquaint us with the practical aspects of Civil Engineering. This report has been prepared by presenting all the works regarding analysis, design, and structural detailing of RCC framed structure including practically possible seismic considerations in a simple, clear, and concise manner. The advanced software: ETABS and AUTOCAD have been used for the analysis and detailing of structure, respectively. Manually prepared software on MS Excel has been used to design beams and columns. In addition, a step-by-step procedure of the manual has also been used to understand the structural action and it is followed to prepare the reportItem PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BHUTENI IRRIGATION PROJECT(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-05) Paudel, Saugat; Upadhea, Shital; Kandel, Siddhartha; Adhikari, Sudip; Bhattarai, Sundar Mani; Aryal, SuwajAn irrigation system is used to artificially supply water to agricultural land to support plant growth and crop production. Bhuteni irrigation project, a medium sized irrigation project, is selected for the prefeasibility study. There is abundance of land for crop production but due to ineffective irrigation system only a single crop at some area is cultivated. This project aims to explore possibility to increase the command area with three types of crops throughout the year. Metrological database for the present study was obtained from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology for analyzing flood and monthly flows. Discharge measured was used to calculate the monthly flows using MIP method and these data were used to calculate irrigation water requirement. The structures were designed to meet the requirement. Bhuteni irrigation project is a medium sized irrigation project located at Goldhap of Jhapa District. Its catchment area at the diversion point is 25.8 km2. The maximum discharge of river is 6.7 m 3 /s in August. As per requirement for command area of 750 ha, the maximum required canal discharge is 1.91 m3 /s. The project will have a weir with gated system to pond the level of 1.4m for irrigation. The frontal type of intake is designed to supply water to the canal. For small discharge, triangular canal with round bottom is designed. Settling basin is designed to remove the silt from canal. Sarda fall type drop is designed where there is abrupt change in bed level throughout the canal as per requirement. Cross regulator and head regulator are designed to regulate flow at diversion points. Culvert is designed where a pathway intersects with the canal alignment. The headwork structure can pass flood discharge of 131 m3 /s for 100 years return period safely. About 10% of water will be discharged on downstream through under sluice for water right safety. Every attempt has been made to consider almost all the parts and get most reliable data. Due to time constraint Environmental Impact Assessment has not been done. The total estimated cost of the project is 163.21 million Nepalese Rupees and the net revenue generate from the irrigation system is 72.43 million Nepalese Rupees per year. The annual revenue generated in 20 year time period gives total revenue. The B/C ratio obtained is 2.84. Thus project is feasible.Item “STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING”(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-05) Lamsal, Rabin; Rajbahak, Shreeja; Adhikari, Sinam; Neopane, Sneha; Timalsina, Susmita; Maharjan, TimilaProject I and II was put on the curriculum for the fulfilment of Degree of Bachelors in Civil Engineering, where we were given an opportunity to analyze and design a building by applying the theoretical knowledge that we obtained over the period of 4 years. In this project entitled “Structural Analysis and Design of Commercial Building”, we idealized, analyzed and designed a commercial building abiding by IS codes. The main aim of this project work was to be familiar with the analysis and design of buildings abiding by the codes given by Indian Standard and Nepal Building Codes. Despite the resource and time limitation, the project has been completed successfully on time. With the hope that the design and drawings will be enough as per ductile design consideration and codal provision, we have completed the report on building project. Due to the extravagancy of testing and analyzing the building with physical model, only the computational modal was prepared. The computer aided design was done not only for visualization and drawing, but also for analysis and design using FEA based modelling tool, ETABS. Potential alternatives for design and analysis were evaluated in order to obtain the most promising output.Item STUDY OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-05) Pokharel, Santosh; Bhandari, Saraswati; Basnet, Saroj; Dhakal, Saugat; Sah, Shivam Kumar; Dahal, UttamThis project report presents a study on earthquake-resistant analysis and design of a Multistorey building, located in a high-risk seismic zone in Nepal. The report covers a comprehensive analysis of the building's seismic behavior using two widely used analysis methods - Equivalent Static Method and Modal Response Spectrum Model. The analysis includes a detailed seismic hazard assessment, dynamic analysis, and design of the building's structural components, such as columns, beams, and slabs. The design of the building is based on the NBC codes, including NBC-205:2017 and NBC-206:2017, and IS codes, including IS 1893:2016, IS 13920:2016, and IS 456:2000. The report includes a detailed study of earthquake-resistant design techniques, such as ductility, energy dissipation, and their effectiveness in reducing the seismic vulnerability of the building. The study concludes that the use of ductile detailing and energy dissipation systems in the building's design improves its seismic performance and reduces the risk of collapse during an earthquake. The project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of earthquake-resistant design principles and their application in the design of Multi-storey buildings. The report can serve as a valuable resource for civil engineering students and professionals, providing them with practical knowledge of earthquake-resistant design principles. The findings of this study can contribute to improving the seismic performance of buildings in high-risk seismic zones, reducing the risk of loss of life and property during an earthquake.