Browsing by Subject "Language teaching"
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Item Analysis of Encouraging and Warning in English and Maithili(Central Department of Education, 2011) Verma, Mithalesh NarayanThe thesis entitled "Analysis of Encouraging and Warning in English andMaithili" is an attempt to find out forms ofencouraging and warningin Englishand Maithiliand compare them. The researcher used both primary andsecondary sources of data. The sample population of the study consisted of 60Maithili speakers. They were selected randomly. Questionnaire and structuredinterview werethe tools used for data collection. Secondary data were takenfrom Matreyek (1983, pp. 68,86), Blundell et al. (2009,pp.144, 149) andBhandari et al. (2007,pp. 99, 106).After completing the analysis of collecteddata 36 formswere found for encouraging and 33 forms for warning in English.Similarly, for encouraging,in Maithili,42 forms were found and for warning52 forms werefound. This thesis consists of four chapters. First chapter deals with introduction of thestudy. Itconsists of introduction to the English and Maithililanguages,linguistic scenario of Nepal,language functions, literature review andobjectives and significance of the study. The second chapter describes themethodology applied to carryout the research; it consists of primary sources ofdata, secondary sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure,and tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitationsof thestudy. The third chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of the data. Itdeals with the forms ofencouraging and warning in English and Maithili andcomparison on the basis of number, sentence use and frequent form ofencouraging and warning. The fourth chapter presents the findings derivedfrom the analysis and interpretation of data. It also consists ofrecommendations to the teachers, students and learners of the English andMaithili language as second language. In the final section of the study, thereferences and appendicesareincluded.Item An Analysis of Textbook:Academic Vocabulary in Use(Faculty of Education, 2010) Yadav, Naresh RayThe purpose of the present study was to pinpoint whether the vocabularies giveninthe textbook are sufficient to meet the objectives set in the curriculum and toanalyze the textbook in term ofword use, word meaning, word formationanddifficulty level. The researcher selectedfiveB.Ed. campuses in the Janakpur zonepurposively. Heselected 60 students for B.Ed. second year major English, inwhich 12 students were selected from each campus. The researcher used two setsof questionnaire. A test was taken from the students and a set of closed endedquestionnairefor teachers. The researcher visited selected campuses, establishedrapport and got the students collected with the help of the English teachers. Headministered thetestto the selected students anda questionnaire to theteachersand then he collected them. The data collectedfrom the respondents wereanalyzed andinterpreted and found that the textbook is good intermsofwordformation,word meaning andword use. The study is divided into four chapters. Thefirst chapterconsists of thebackground of the study, importance oftextbook analysis, vocabulary, review ofthe related literature, objectives,process of the data collection,andlimitationsofthe study. Thesecond chapterdeals with methodology adopted in carrying outthe research. It contains the sources of the data,sampling procedure, tools for datacollection,process of data collection and limitation of the study. Thechapterthreeconsists of analysis,interpretation and tabulation of the data. The data wascollected through questionnaireand a testand analyzed.Thechapter fourincorporates the major findings of the study on the basis of analysis andinterpretation of the data. It also deals with some recommendations made on thebasis of findings of study.Item An Analysis of the Textbook Learning English(Department of English Education, 2015) Tharu, Krishna PrasadThe present study is entitled An Analysis of the Textbook Learning English.The objective of the study was to analyse the textbook Learning English interms of its peripheral and academic features. This research has been carriedout on the basis of the theoretical framework mentioned by Harmer (2008),Cunningsworth (2008) and Mc Donough (2003).The research design for thestudy was content analysis. For the collection of data, I prepared observation checklist on the basis of the framework given by above scholars. Thereby, Ifilled in the questionnaire/observationchecklist. Thus, the sources of data forthis research were only secondary sources. In this research, I found that there has been opted less carefulness in composing peripheral features(i.e. no introduction, no references, no bibliography etc.)while academic features arewell incorporated in this textbook. Similarly, I also found that the textbook follows weak version of communicative approach i.e. grammatical items areclearly mentioned in the textbook This thesis work consists of five chapters. Chapter one is introductory part which includes general background, statement of the problem,objectives of the study, research questions,significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter is the review of related literature which consists of theoretical and empiricalimplication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Chapterthree provides the details of methodology and the procedures. It particularlyconsists of design of the study, sources of data, data collection tools,information collection procedure, data analysis and interpretation procedure.Chapter four explains results and discussions of the collected data. Finally, thelast chapter consists of the summary, conclusions and implications of the research followed by the references and appendices.Item Attitudes of Higher Secondary English Teachers Towards The Use of Computer and the Internet(Faculty of education, 2008) Khanal, Lok NathThe global spread of Information and Communication Technology has created the great impacts in all daily activities of human life. Education sector including Language Teaching can not be isolated from the new changes in education system of the world. Considering the issues of implementing the technologies in educational and curricular activities, this study has focused on the end users' attitudes towards the modern communication and information tools: computer and the Internet. This study is has been carried out to study the attitudes of Higher Secondary English Language Teachers of Kathmandu valley and their perception on the basis of their personal characteristics, relative computer and internet advantages, cultural perception, computer competence and the availability of computer and the internet. The study has concluded with the findings that majority of the teachers have positive attitudes towards the computer and the internet. Although less than twenty five percent English teachers of Higher Secondary School in Kathmandu valley are still away from computer and the internet access, they are aware of use of computer and the Internet and have the positive attitudes towards the use of them in curricular activities. All teachers are interested to increase the computer and the internet access in the future. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter is the introductory part and sets the background information about the impact of computer and the internet in education to national integral development. It also contains the review of the related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Second chapter carries out the methodology used in the study. This chapter show the steps adopted in conducting the research. Sources of data, sampling procedures, instrumentation, and process of data collection, research design, research variables, reliability, validity and limitations of the study are the main subjects included in the chapter. The third chapter explores the data presentation, analysis and interpretation of the selected data. Computer assisted analysis has been adopted in presenting the data. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) has been used for quantitative and descriptive data analysis and NVivo-7 has been used to interpret the qualitative data (interviews and observation) in this chapter. All descriptive data have been presented on table format and detail explanation has been used to interpret the qualitative data. This chapter covers the overall tasks to get the objectives of the study. Finally, the fourth chapter covers the findings of the study and its pedagogical implications.Item Case in English and Chepang(Department of English Education, 2011) Khanal, SumanThe thesis entitled 'Case in English and Chepang' is an attempt to identify cases in the Chepang language and to compare and contrast them with those of English. The researcher has found out that the Chepang is a tripartite type of language whereas English is a nominative accusative type of language. In tripartite system, all the arguments S, A and P are treated differently. As a result, they are marked with case markers. The cases identified in the Chepang are genitive, instrumental, dative, comitative, ablative/source, goal and locative. Suffixes are found to be used as case markers in the Chepang language. Word order does not play a vital role in meaning change in the Chepang language. The researcher collected data from forty native speakers of Sarikhet VDC from Makwanpur district were the research fields for the researcher to elicit data from the informants. He used both the primary and secondary sources to carry out this research work. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction. It consists of general background, importance of the English language, the sociolinguistic situation in Nepal, an introduction to the Chepang language, an introduction to case, CA and its importance on language teaching, review of related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with methodology. It encompasses sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, research tools, processes of data collection and limitaiton of the study. Chapter three deals with analysis and interpretation of the data. It comprises identification and analysis of cases in the Chepang language and similarities and differences between the Chepang and English cases. Chapter four encompasses findings and recommendations and pedagogical implications.Item A Comparative Study on the Communicative Proficiency Between Students of Public and Private Schools of Grade Nine(Department of English Education, 2007) Yadav, Ranju KumariThe importance of communicative English use can be hardlyexaggerated. Avoiding the ‘day to day’ and real life communicative English, the purpose of language teaching cannot be fulfilled. So, to findout the basic objective of language teaching and learning and mainly, totest that thecurrent English language course has been able to fulfil thelearners’ need or not is the main concern of this dissertation. In order todo so, the researcher has tried to examine the communicative proficiencyof grade nine students. The research work attempts to find out the ability to usecommunicative English of grade nine students from both public andprivate sectors. To do so, the researcher collected data from the publicand private schools of grade nine. The total sample population of thestudy consists of eighty students selected by using simple randomsampling procedure. To elicit the required data, the researcher has used both type ofsources; primary and secondary. The primary source of data consists offorty students from public and forty from private schools. Equal numberof boys and girls were included in the study. This study found that the proficiency in communicating abilities ofgrade nine is not satisfactory. Comparatively the proficiency of theprivate school students are found satisfactory than the students of publicschool students. All the students are better in receptive type of languagefunction than the productive type of language function. This study consists of four chapters–Chapter one consists of the general background, reviewof the related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study. ix Chapter two consists of the methodology of the study .Itencompasses the sources of data population of study, samplingprocedures, tools for data collection, process of data collection andlimitation of the study. Chapter three consists of the analysis and interpretation of the collected data. The data were analyzed on the basis of the variablesspecified objectives i.e. the holistic, content wise, gender wise and school wise analysis of the students’ proficiency in communication in English. Chapter four consists of the major findings and recommendations of the study.Item Content validity of general linguistics course of grade eleven(Department of English Education, 2010) Karki, Man BahadurThe main purpose of this study was to measure the content validity of the general linguistics paper I through the tests administered in the annual and supplementary examinations at grade eleven .To accomplish this task the test papers administered in annual and supplementary examinations during 2065 to 2066 were selected for the collection of data and analyzed in terms of content coverage and content weighting to see if the administered test items were the representative sample of the course contents and if the weighting of the test contents were proportional to the scheduled weighting specified by evaluation scheme chart in the syllabus. The findings are that in terms of content coverage the tests have high content validity (71.56%) but in terms of content weighting the tests have poor content validity. This research report consists of four chapters where the first chapter deals with the brief introduction of the area of study along with the objectives of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology the researcher had followed during the study in order to achieve the objectives specified which includes among other things the sources of data. The third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the raw data obtained for the purpose of measuring content validity of the tests in terms of content coverage and weighting. For the purpose of measuring content coverage, the researcher matched the test contents (language items) with course contents (language item) and found that 71.56 percent of the language items were covered by the tests during two years. For the purposes of measuring content weighting, the researcher matched the four test papers against with the evaluation scheme specified by the syllabus. The researcher also looked into the content validity in terms of content coverage and weighting. The final chapter deals with the findings and recommendation the researcher made after analyzing the data.Item Developing Speaking Skills Through Task Based Language Teaching(Department of English Educaion, 2021) Maharjan, RajjuThe research entitled Developing Speaking Skills Through Task Language Teaching was aimed to analyze the roles of Task Based Language Teaching in teaching English as a foreign language at the secondary level. For this purpose, Mangal Higher Secondary School, Kirtipur - 10 was selected for the study. This research is primarily a student-centered approach, and 40 students from grade IX were taken as sample population placed randomly into a controlled and experimental group. The students in the experimental group performed writing task using task-based language teaching techniques, while those in the controlled group practiced writing skills using traditional writing exercise. Test items and questionnaires were the main tools for data collection. A pre-test was administered using the same test items of the pre-test. Then, performance scores of the students were compared and analyzed. Similarly, teachers should be able to create such situation where students hold meaningful tasks that we promoted their speaking proficiency. The finding of the research indicated that the use of task-based language teaching can develop students' speaking skill. The pretest score shows the value of learning completeness was only 14.2%. The post-test score revealed that the students' speaking skills developed with satisfactory results as 16.5%. The students managed to complete different task and to evaluate their learning in pair and group work. This learning experience enable the students develop their speaking skills significantly in the future. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter includes background of the research, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, rationale of the study, operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter is related to the review of the related literature and conceptual framework. Likewise, third chapter deals with methods and procedures of the study under which research design of the study, population sample, sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedures, analysis and interpretation procedure, ethical considerations are mentioned. In the same way, the fourth chapter consists of results and discussion of the study. Finally, the fifth chapter includes the summary, findings, conclusion and implications. Implication of the study at policy related, practice related and further research related are suggested. The references and appendices are mentioned at the end.Item Developing Writing Skills through Paraorthographic Texts(Department of English Education, 2015) Ghimire, SamjhanaThe present study entitled “Developing Writing Skills through Paraorthographic Texts”is an attempt to find out the effectiveness of paraorthographic text to develop students’ writing skill. In order to carry out this study, I selected thirty students of grade nine of Rampur English Boarding Higher Secondary School, using non-random purposive sampling procedure. I used them as primary sources of data. After selecting the sample a pre-test was administered to determine the students’ initial proficiency level on the selected items. Then students were taught for twenty eight days using paraorthographic text. During that period, three progress tests were administered in the intervalof six days and at last post-test was administered. Finally, I analyzed the scores of the pre test, progress test and post test. Through the analysis and interpretation of the collected data it was found that paraorthographic texts helped in developing students’ proficiency in writing. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the topic in which background, statement of the problems,objectives, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and the operational definition of key terms are included. The second chapter includes the review of both theoretical and empirical literature, along with the implication of the review for the study. It also includes conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study. It includes research design, population and sample,sampling procedure,data collection tools, data collection procedure and data interpretation procedures. The fourth chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the data and the summary of the findings. Then, the fifth chapter presents the conclusion of the study and recommendations. Moreover, it also suggests some pedagogical implications based on policy level, practice level and further study.This chapter is followed by references and appendices used for the study.Item Effectiveness of Audio AIDS in Teaching Speaking Skill(Faculty of Education, 2011) Poudel, Rama DeviThe title of this thesis is "Effectiveness of Audio Aids in Teaching Speaking Skill". The aim of this study is to find out the impact of audio aids in developing pronunciation skill and to list some pedagogical implications. This is an experimental research. For this research, first of all, the instruments which were required for the study were constructed. Test items for both pre-test and post test were prepared. The words for the test items were selected from the glossary of Our English Book, Grade Eight. The pre-test was administered to the sample before the actual classroom teaching. The students were split in two groups i.e., experimental and controlled on the basis of odd and even roll number. The experimental group was taught using audio dictionary whereas the controlled group was taught without using any materials. The pronunciation of the six vocabularies was practised per day for both the groups. Each group was taught for twenty eight days, one period in a day and each period lasted for 40 minutes. Finally, the post test was administered to both the groups. Each student's pronunciation was recorded and analysed. The over all findings of the study showed that the use of audio aids have a positive impact in developing speaking as well as pronunciation skill. The research study consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the general background of the study, importance of English language, language skills, speaking skill, language teaching audio aids, teaching of pronunciation, review of the related literature and objectives of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study under which the sources of data, population of the study, sample population, sampling procedure, research tools, process of data collection and limitation of the study are included. Similarly, third chapter encompasses the analysis and interpretation of the data. Simple statistical and descriptive methods were applied for this research study. Finding and recommendations have been presented in the fourth chapter. Lastly, the references and appendices have been included.Item Effectiveness of Authentic Materials in Language Teaching(Department of English Education, 2018) Bohara, Narendra BahadurThe present study entitled 'Effectiveness of Authentic Materials in Language Teaching' attempts to find out the effectiveness of authentic materials in teaching grammatical items in language. The researcher used experimental design for this study and collected data from sampled population of thirty students of Samundra School Nuwakot of grade ten. Conditional verbs, connectives, prepositions, tense, articles, and concord were selected as the contents to be taught. The test items were the major tools for data collection. Students were divided into two groups as controlled and experimental group. Pre-test was taken to ensure the existing level of performance of the subjects. Post-test was taken to find out the effect of treatment of 28 days. After administering the pre-test, the students were divided into two groups using simple random sampling procedure. Experimental group was taught by using authentic texts whereas controlled group was taught as usual way. After the post-test, use of authentic materials while teaching in the classroom is found more effective than teaching without authentic texts. In this research, the experimental group has been found better than controlled group. It proves that authentic texts are more effective in language class. The findings of this study were determined on the basis of average marks obtained by the students. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Likely, chapter two deals with the review of the theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework of the study. The third chapter includes methodology and procedure adopted during the study and chapter four incorporates data analysis and interpretation procedure in terms of holistic and item-based comparison. The chapter five includes findings, conclusion and recommendations followed by references and appendices.Item The Effectiveness of Skimming to Develop Reading Comprehension(Department of English Education, 2011) Rayamajhi, Ben BahadurThis research is a study of “The Effectiveness of Skimming to Develop Reading Comprehension”. The main aim of this research was to find out the effectiveness of skimming to develop reading comprehension. In order to collect the data, both primary and secondary sources were used. All the data were collected through the pre-test, progressive (two progressives) test and post-test. For the primary resources of data 30 students of grade XI of Shree Shiva Madan Higher Secondary School Satineta, Arghakhanchi were selected by using simple random sampling procedure. The main tools for data collection were test items. In this research the students have shown better performance in post-test than pre-test and progressive test. From this study, it has been found that the skimming technique is effective to develop reading comprehension. This thesis has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter consists of the introduction of the study. The introduction consists of general background, review of the related literature and objectives of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology, sources of data, sampling procedure and limitations of the study. Similarly, the third chapter of this study consists of the analysis and interpretation of the data. In this way, the fourth chapter includes the production of analysis and interpretation of the data, i.e. findings of the study and some recommendations made on the basis of the findings. Finally, the references and the appendices which are necessary for the validation of the research are also presented.Item Effectiveness of Task Based Language Teaching in Developing Speaking Skills(Faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, 2017) Kattel, Hari PrasadThe present study Effectiveness of Task Based Language Teaching in Developing Speaking Skills aimed at finding out the effectiveness of task based language teaching in developing speaking skills in students of grade VII. I selected 34 students of grade VII of VishwapremiSecondary School, Yaku of Bhojpur district. After that those34 students were divided in to two groups, control and experimental groups. Pre-test was given to both groups to find out the initial speaking ability and post- test was given after the treatment to find out the effectiveness of task based language teaching in developing speaking skills. The control group was taught using lecture method and experimental group was taught using task based approach for 28 days during the treatment. The average scores and marks of post- test of both groups were analyzed and compared with pre-test mean scores. It has been found that experimental group performed better than control group. It means the use of Task Based Language Teaching technique produced better results than that of traditional technique. This thesis has been presented into five chapters.The first chapter is introductory part which introduces the study in terms of background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definition of the key terms.The second chapter consists of the details of the reviewed studies, their implications and conceptual framework for the study.Different theories and empirical studies are reviewed in this part.The third chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study, which consists of design and method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures and ethical considerations.Fourth chapter analyzes and interprets the data based on response of test results mean score.Data is analyzed and interpreteddescriptively using simple statistical tools.The facts are presented in different lists,tables,and charts in descriptive form.The fifth chapter concludes the study point wisely, provides findings and further recommendations along ix with the implications being based on results.Finally, the references and appendices form the ending part of the thesis.Item Effectiveness of Task- Based Language Teaching in Reading Skill(Faculty of English Education, 2013) Ghimire, Tirtha RajThis research aimed at finding out the effectiveness of task-based Language Teaching in reading skill in Nepal. The researcher conducted to determine The Effectiveness of Task-based Language Teaching in Reading Skill. The test items were developed for the collection of data. The researcher collected data from the sample population of sixty students of grade ten of a government school, Shree Bhawani Higher Secondary School, 18 Saya Khola, Manbu, Gorkha. A pre-test was given in the beginning. Then two groups (Experimental and Control) were made from their odd and even numbers after pre-test. The students of Experimental Group were taught for twenty-eight lessons using Task-based in their reading skill. The students of control group were taught in usual way of teaching. After the experiment, a post-test was administered with the same set of test items on two groups. The average score of all the test items were calculated. The results of the tests were compared to find out the effectiveness of task-based language teaching from the learning achievement. It was found that task-based teaching was more effective than usual classroom teaching for reading skill of class ten students since the experimental group had more average score increasement than that of the control group. This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one is an introductory part which includes general background, objectives of the study, review of the related literature and significance of the study. Chapter two includes the methodology adopted to complete the research. It particularly contains the sources of data, sampling procedures, tools and process of data collection and limitations of the study. Chapter three includes the analysis and the interpretation of the data. Chapter four consists findings and recommendations of the study based on the analysis and interpretation of the data. This chapter is followed by the references and appendices.Item Effectiveness of Teaching Prepositions through Discovery Techniques(Department of English Education, 2012) Gyawali, Netra PrasadThe present thesis entitled Effectiveness of Teaching Prepositions Through Discovery Technique aims at finding the effectiveness of discovery technique in teaching prepositions.Forty students of grade nine, studying at Shree Padam Bahadur Secondary School, Balithum, Gulmi were the sample population of this research. The researcher involved in the experimental teaching for the purpose of carrying out the research. The two types of test (pre-test and post-test) were major tools for data collection. A pre-test was administered before the actual classroom teaching. The students were ranked from the first to the fortith position on the basis of the result of the pre-test.They were divided into two groups on the basic of odd-even ranking of individual scores.Then, group A was taken as an experimental group and was taught through discovery technique whereas the group B was taken as a controlled group and was taught through explanation technique. Each group was taught 24 lessons. Then, a post-test was given. After that, the two tests were compared to find out the effectiveness of discovery technique in teaching 'prepositions'.The main finding of this study is that teaching prepositions through discovery technique is more effective than teaching through explanation technique. This thesis is organized in four chapters.Chapter one consists of a brief introduction about the related area of the study. It further includes the objectives and significance of the study.Chapter two deals with the methodology adopted during the study.Chapter three consists of analysis and interpretation of data. The data have been mainly analyzed and interpreted on the basis of the difference between the average score percentage of each group in the pre -test and post -test. Chapter four presents findings and recommendations of the study which is followed by references and appendices.Item Effectiveness of Teaching Vocabulary Through Task-Based Approach(Central Department of English Education, 2011) Subedi, Kapil RajThis thesis is an effort to find out the effectiveness of teachingvocabularythrough task-based approach. It has been carried out practically.Fortystudents studying in grade nine fromShree Secondary School., Hattilet,Mahottari, were the sample population for this work. Before starting theclass, the students were pre-tested to determine their proficiency level invocabulary. After analyzing the scores of pre-test, real teaching ofvocabulary using task–based approachwas started. After teaching forthreeweeks, the post-test wasadministered.The results of pre-test andpost-test were analyzed to find out the effectiveness of teachingvocabulary through task-based approach. The findings of this studyshows thatteaching vocabulary through task-based approach is effective. The first chapterof this thesisdeals with general background of the study,review of the related literature,objectivesand significance of the study.The second chapter includes the research methodology, datacollectionprocedure and limitations of the study. The third chapter deals with theanalysis and interpretation of data which has been done on the basis ofdifference among the average score inpercentage in pre-test and post-test. Chapter four includes the findings and recommendationsbased ontheanalysis and interpretation.Final part of the thesis entails referencesand appendices.Item English language teaching through virtual classroom: Experiences and practices from secondary level(Department of English Education, 2023) Paudel, SandipaThe thesis entitled English Language Teaching through Virtual Classroom: Experiences and Practices from Secondary Level was carried out to find out the existing situation of virtual classroom applied in English language teaching and both teachers’ and students’ experiences and practices of English language teaching through virtual classes at secondary level. To meet the objectives of the study, a quantitative research design was used. Purposive non-random sampling strategy was used to select needed participants. For the data collection, 20 students and 20 secondary teachers were selected. Respondents were provided with 20 closed ended questionnaires separately for teachers and students. To fulfill the objectives of the study, collected data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. The major finding that I found from this study was most of the participants participated on online teaching and learning sessions via zoom app and they had proper technological skills and knowledge to be a part of virtual classroom. Moreover, it was also found that most of the teachers used live online classes to run online classes. Use of teaching materials and assessment session were organized in the same way they do in traditional face to face classes. To sum up, going through the data it was found that virtual classes could be a good way of teaching in the place of face to face classes. This thesis consists of five different chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter includes review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter covers all the areas of methodology; design and methods of study, populations, sample and sampling strategy, source of data, data collection tools and techniques, and procedures. Similarly, the fourth chapter presents the results, findings and discussion. Moreover, the fifth chapter includes conclusion, and policy and practice related recommendations for further research. Additionally, different research articles, journals, books; which had provided various information related to virtual classes and were used for theoretical and empirical literature review, are mentioned in the reference section and appendix is also included.Item English teachers perception towards the use of tasks given at lower secondary level textbooks(Department of English Education, 2016) Yadav, Manoj KumarThe present research entitled ''English Teachers’ Perception Towards the Use of Tasks Given at Lower Secondary Level Textbooks'' is done in order to find out the perception of English teachers from both types of schools (public and private) towards the use of the tasks given in textbook in Banke district. The sample population of the study consisted of 40 English teachers teaching at lower secondary level in Banke district. Through purposive non-random sampling procedure twenty teachers from public and twenty teachers from private schools were selected. The main tool of research study was questionnaire. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the teachers and collected their responses then tabulated the data. The major finding of the study was that the teachers (public and private schools) considered the tasks as important thing to develop the communicative competence. They also opined that teacher training is necessary to make effective use of tasks in teaching English. At the same time, all of them had a common view that different factors like large class, untrained teachers affect in the use of tasks in the classroom. The study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter consists of the background, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology applied to carry out the research work. The third chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data. The last chapter includes the findings of the study and some important recommendations for pedagogical implication are made on the basis of the findings.Item Exploring Common Expectations of Students in Large MixedAbility ELT Classes(Department of English Education, 2011) Bhandari, Hasta BahadurThis present study entitled 'Exploring Common Expectations of Students inLarge Mixed Ability ELT Classes' was intended to find out the commonexpectations of students in large mixed ability ELT classes. In order to fulfillthe objectives of the study, 100 secondary level students, i.e.Grade 10 studentswere selected from the five schools of the Kathmandu valley through purposivenon-random sampling procedure. A set of questionnaire was the research toolfor eliciting the required information for the study. The findings of the studyshowed that in every large mixed ability ELT classes, there are students ofdifferent abilities and they have their different expectations in the classroom. Itwas found that majority of the students are in favour of small class and theyexpect different sections for poor and bright students. It was also found thatmost of the students except varietiesinteaching strategies and they expect toget an opportunity to speak in the classroom. Similarly, it was found thatjudicious use of English with limited use of mother tongue can be significantlyhelpful in large mixed ability ELT classroom. It was also found that mixedability classes facilitate collaborative learning and helps the teacher to be a realteacher. This thesis is organized in four chapters along with references and appendix atthe end. The first chapter presents the general background, the concept of largeclasses, challenges and opportunities of a large mixed ability ELT class. It alsoincludes strategies for coping with the challenges. The second chapter isconcerned with the methodology used in the study, under which sources ofdata, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collectionand limitations of the study are described. The third chapter provides thecomprehensive picture of the analysis and interpretation of the data. The dataare analyzed and interpreted underthe five headings. Finally, chapter fourincludes findings and recommendations based on the analysis andinterpretation of the study.Item Inquiry based learning for developing writing skill(Department of English Education, 2018) Bhatta, Mahesh RajThis study entitled "Inquiry based learning for developing writing skill" aimed at finding out the role of inquiry based learning on developing writing skill. Specially, this study has been carried out to analyze the positive impact of inquiry based learning for developing writing skill. For the accomplishment of the research work, I selected thirty students of Shree Nepalaya Higher Secondary School Kalanki Kathmandu. While completing this work, I administered a pre- test to get the students initial proficiency level on writing skill and I administered a post- test to know about the students' progress on writing by adopting inquiry based techniques. During the four week teaching period, I administered progress test as well. The cause of taking pre-test and post-test was to observe and analyze the impact of inquiry based learning approach in students writing. The students' answer sheets were analyzed to see the improvement in their writing. By comparing the answer sheets of pre- test and post- test, it was found that writing skill of students was highly improved in post-test writing. The average score in pre test was 16.43(i.e.54.74%), in progress test the average score was 19.9(i.e.66.33%) and in the post- test the average score was 24.73(i.e.82.44%). I used holistic marking scream to score the students writing. The result indicates that the inquiry based techniques has positive impact on students writing. It was found that writing ability of the students was improved after adopting the inquiry techniques in writing. The thesis consists of five Chapters, Chapter 1 presents the introduction. It consists of background of the study, statements of the problems, significance of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, and delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, Chapter 2 consists of the review of related literature and conceptual framework. Similarly Chapter 3 presents methods and procedures of the study. This includes design of the study, population and sampling procedures, data collection and data collection procedures. In the same way, Chapter 4 consists of results and discussion of the data. Finally, Chapter 5 incorporates summary, conclusion, and implications. On the basis of results and discussion, some important findings and implications for the policy level, practice level and further research have been made. And finally references and appendices are presented to finalize the study.
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