Browsing by Subject "Tamang Community"
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Item The Change In Socio-Cultural Practices Among Tamang Community (A Sociological Study of Tarkeshwor Municipality Kavresthali, Kathmandu )(Department of Sociology and Rural Development, 2018) Dhakal, RajuThe study ‘The change in socio-cultural practices among tamang community” A Sociological study of of Tarkeshwor Municipality Kavresthali, Kathmandu has been carried out using primary source of data collected from Tarkeshwor Municipality Kavresthali, Kathmandu, where included 67 respondents. The general objectives of the study are to find out the socio-economic status and cultural practices of Tamang community in Tarkeshwor Municipality. The specific objectives of the study are: To identify the socio-cultural practices of Tamang community of the study area. To find out the changes occurred in social and cultural status of Tamang people in study area. Tamang community is well harmonized and systematic in nature but they have poor economic status, education level and in participation on the social decision making. Majority of the Tamangs in the research area are Buddhist but found influences of Hinduism on them. All of them speak Nepali for the household communication their neighbors and others. No one of the research area had known their script. Tamang of the area do not have their institution to teach and learn their mother tongue. Three kinds of marriage are found in practice, namely, arranged marriage, love marriage and capture marriage. More than 85% of marriage is found arrange marriage case. The rest are found love marriage. But the capture marriage is being the past practice of the community. Very few cases can be observed in these days in the area. The cross cousin marriage is still in practice ( Mama Chela and Phupu Cheli marriage). But the practice of love marriage is found increasing in the community. Tamang have historical importance in the history of Nepal. But situation is far different in its practical term to address the social issues of Tamang, they facing. Low economic status, backwardness in educational sector is the root of the backwardness of the Tamang. It is the responsibility and duty of the government to make policies in favor of such groups. The operating NGO’s and INGO’s in the local level should attempt to translate their rhetoric into action. The organizations working for the disadvantaged groups of people are getting benefited themselves rather than targeted people. Most of the Tamang cremate the dead body under the ritual performed by the Lama who actually is their religious leader. Death pollution is observed for the thirteen days and during the period the deceased’s immediate relatives are prohibited consuming oil and salt. Purification is done on the last day. Ghewa is held on the same last (thirteenth) day. If it is not possible it can be done within 39th day. At the day of Ghewa a figure of the same size of the dead person is made with the help of hey and cremates the image for the last rite. This final rite is not allowed to see by the small children and the person born on the same day. The Tamang ethnic group of Nepal inhabit almost all types of geographical region of Nepal having the population of 1,539,830 according to 2011 census report. This ethnic group have their own language called Tamang language which is of Tibetan origin. The Tamang obtains least priority in the National development on the main stream and their history is not well recorded, still the living culture and tradition of them depicts the picture of their brilliant history. The Tamangs of Tarkeshwor are steadily modifying their ways to accommodate new condition. As a result certain changes occurred on their ritual and social aspects. It is observed that the new generation of Tamangs are much influenced by the modern sophisticated life style like watching Television, cinema, eating new varieties of good food, wearing fashionable clothes. They are less eager to work hard in traditional occupation i.e agricultural activities and animal husbandry. The types of changes are very seriously imposing threats towards the preservation of their tradition. This study was conducted at Tamang of Tarkeshwor municipality ward no 4, 5,6 of Kathmandu district with the aim of finding the socio-cultural practices of the Tamang people. This study showed that the Tamang of Nepal is in the situation of economic backwardness despite their close affinity with job opportunities. The social and religious orthodoxy they practice were the major causes for their backwardness.Item Domestic Violence Against Women (A Case Study Among Tamang Community of Gundu VDC, Bhaktapur)(Department of Population Studies, 2007) Wagle, RajendraThe research was conducted to identify the knowledge, situation and prevalence of domestic violence against women among the Tamang community of Gundu VDC ward no 1, 2, 3 was selected for the study.The study was conducted among 108 females. The majority of respondents are from the age group 20-29.Similarly, majority of the respondents are living in nuclear family i.e.58.3 percent. Highest percentage i.e. 84.3 percent respondents are following the agriculture occupation. Only 34.3 percent respondents are literate that means majority of respondents are illiterate. The level of knowledge about the domestic violence against women is better in the study area because 98.7 percent respondents said that they know about it. Radio and Television is the most effective source of information about DVAW, because 55.6 percent respondents informed about DVAW by Radio and Television, cent percent respondents have the knowledge about forms of DVAW i.e. violence a ctdue to alcoholism followed by physical attack i.e. 99.06 percent. All respondents have an experience of at least any forms ofDVAW. Among them highest proportion of respondents have an experience of unequal pay for equal work i.e. 85.2 percent followed by violence act due to alcoholism i.e. 78.7 percent. Similarly, 65.7 percent have an experience of verbal assault, physical attack (37 percent). Misbehave at pregnancy and delivery (24.12 %), Humilati on due to caste v (23.1 %). But it has seen that no-one have an experience about sexual harassment. Majority (59.3%) of the respondents are victimized by their husband. Similarly, 47.2 percent are victimized by their mother/mother inlaw followed by father/father in law i.e. 36.1 percent brother/brother inlaw (20.4 %), sister/sister in law (16.7 %) other relatives (12 %), out personnel (8.3 %) and step wife (6.5 %). Majority of the respondents saidthat the major reason of DVAW is illiteracy i.e. 42.6 percent followed by25.0 percent weak social status. Similarly, 23.1 percent respondent sreplied that they don’t know. It has seen that 20.4 percent respondents life is disturbed due to DVAW. Majority of the respondents (61.1%) have the sharing behaviour, whereas 38.9 percent keep secret such violence. Highestsh are with friends. It has seen that the reasons of keeping such incidence, majority of the respondents i.e. 64.30 percent keep secret due to family fear followed by fear from society i.e. 23.80 percent. Similarly,majority of the respondents view to control DVAW on punished propagator i.e. 80.6 percent followed by view on empowerment and improvement of women’s status i.e. 13.9 percent.Similarly, 5.6 percent respondents have views on creating awareness to control DVAW.Item Fertility Behavior of Tamang Community (A Case Study of Balthali Vdc, Kavrepalanchowk)(Department of population studies, 2008) Thapa, SabinThe main purpose of the study was to examine the fertility behavior ofTamang community. By the analysis of primary data mean tables, the study try toexamine the fertility behavior of Tamang community in Balthali V.D.C., withestablishing the relationship with demographic and socio-economic,cultural andreligious values and biological variables. Children Ever Born (CEB) was usedas anindicator of fertility behaviors. The household information was taken from the head of household to getdemographic and socio-economic characteristics of the study area and informationabout education, occupation, marital status, socio-cultural and economic variables.Knowledge and use of family planning method, decision making power etc. was takenfrom eligible women of reproductive age 15-49 years from total population 685.Information was collected from 113 household from ward 1, 4,5,6,7 &9 purposivelyby visiting door to door in the month of July 2008. In sample population of Tamang community, 50.51 percent were males and49.49 percent were females and total dependency ratio was 82.12 percent. Among thepopulation 49.01 percent were literate and 50.99 percent were illiterate including 8.99percent having SLC and above level of education. Most of people were engaged inagriculture, labor and in students. 57.65 percent were married among 536 populationaged 10 years and above. More then 90 percent household had any one of modernfacilities (i.e. electricity, radio, TV and mobile phone). Most of household’s mainincome sources were agriculture and wages. Among the 121 respondents 85.95 percent had ever used any contraceptivemethods. Dipo was used as the most popular contraceptive methods in the studycommunity. 28.93 and 27.27 percent respondents were menstruated in age 15 yearsand in 14 years. The mean CEB of 121 respondents were found 2.73. Highest mean CEB(3.77) was observed who married at age below 16 years and lowest mean CEB (1.61)was observed who married at age 21 years and above ages. Women had lowest CEB(2.39) who had not lost any child and those had higher mean CEB i.e. 4.00 and 5.00who had lost one and two children. Lowest mean CEB 2.29 was observed whereeconomic decision was taken by women oneself. Literate respondent had mean CEBItem Fertility Behaviour of Tamang Community of Haranamadi VDC Makawanpur District(Department of Population Studies, 2007) Bhandari, Ram BahadurThe study on the “Fertility Behavior of Tamang Community of Harnamadi VDC, Makawanpur” was carried out by collecting primary data. The main objectives of this study are: to identify the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of married Tamang women of 15-49 years of Harnamadi VDC; examine the relationship between the fertility behavior and cultural setting of Tamang women to examine the relationship between children ever born and education,occupation, age at marriage, economic condition. This study is based on primary data which are collected from the 550married women including 109 Tamang eligible women of 15-49 years who aresuccessfully interviewed by applying sampling in Harnamadi VDC of Makawanpur district. The married women were interviewed to show the general socio-economic and democratic characteristics of the study area and the women of reproductive age were interviewed to examine the fertility behaviour on the basis of socio cultural and economic variables. The relation between fertility and selected socio-economic and demographic variables are examined by using mean, cross and frequency tables. The major finding of the study area are: the mean CEB is positively associated with age group of women the mean CEB is negatively associated with education and use of contraception and their average mean CEB was found 2.8.Item Geometrical Knowledge Practiced in Tamang Community(Department of Mathematics Education, 2016) Lama, BipiThis study was conducted withdraw to document the ‘Geometrical Knowledge Practiced in Tamang Community’ is an ethnographic study. The purpose of this research was to explore ethno mathematical practices of geometry in Tamang community. Through this study I tried to find out the answer of two research questions and they were: “What are the measurement systems practiced in Tamang community?” and “What are the geometrical concepts embedded in Tamang community?” To get the answer of my questions, I chose Lurpung as my research field and select the 18 respondents purposively for the study. I used observation and interview as my data collection tools and tried to capture the real practices of Tamang people to sort out mathematical practices. I found various mathematical practices in Tamang community, but due to time and other constraints, I focused on the mathematical practices related to measurement system, cultural dress, food, and artifact. I tried to see how these practices can be applied in teaching at the primary level. It also seeks how can we relate those practices in elementary school mathematics and how can we use those mathematical practices as teaching materials. It also encourages teachers and students to relate mathematics with student's culture.Item Practice and Perception of Tamang Women towards Cross-Cousin Marriage (An Anthropological Study of Tamang Community in Kavre)(Faculty Anthropology, 2019) Poudyal, RukmangadMarriage is a universal phenomenon which existed in every society from tribal tocivilized society. Marriage makes stability and continuity of the social order and for aregulation of kinship relations. In Nepal all ethnic groups have their own cultures andtraditions. Some of them practice cross-cousin marriage which is not taboo in theirrespective community though they know it is taken as the taboo in some othersocieties. Tamang, Gurung, Thakali, Chantyalare some of the ethnic groups whichpractices cross-cousin marriage even to date and Thakuri is an exception in the castegroup to practice cross-cousin marriage. Therefore, it is not as easy as presumed tofind the real reason behind the practice without annoying the community. Manyeducated youth of ethnic groups practicing this practice are afraid to speak out clearlyin the fear of wrong interpretation, as it is taken as a taboo in other society. There are limited studies on cross-cousin marriage practice among Tamangcommunity. In fact, only few studies have been done on Tamang marriage system.Therefore, this research study endeavored to study cross-cousin marriage practicewhich is helpful to explore the changing pattern of marriage practices amongTamangcommunity. This study has attempted to address the research questions-WhyTamang's prefers cross-cousin marriage? What are the impacts of cross-cousinmarriage in Tamang society? What are the perceptions regarding cross-cousinmarriage practices among Tamang women?The general objective of this study was tofind out themarriage practices of Tamangwomen and specific objective was toexamine their perception towards cross-cousin marriage in Kavre district of Nepal.The design of this research is descriptive as well as explorative. This study describes the practices of marriage among Tamang and explores theperception of Tamangs towards cross cousin marriage practice. Primary andsecondary data is used in this study. Primary data was collected from fieldwork usingvarious methods, tools and techniques. Both qualitative and quantitative data are usedin this study. The study was carried out at Madanvillage of Kavre district among the30 cross-cousin married Tamang women. To answer the research questions, 30married Tamang who got cross-cousin marriage were selected as respondents. Thereare various forms of marriage however love, arrange and capture marriages weremostly practiced in the research area. Interestingly,all the respondents were cross-cousinmarried either they got love or arrange or capture marriage. Regarding perception of majority of respondents desire to continue cross-cousinmarriage. The fact isrevealed that cross-cousin marriage makes the paired relation ofthe couple, legally and socially acknowledged, relatively permanent bond, securerights of offspring and other members of the kin network in Tamang community. Itprovides a formal and legal link to Tamang extended family, or kinship relatives, andthereby establishes property rights and stable lines of inheritance from generation togeneration.Cross-cousin marriage is a taboo in most Hindu societies. However, it issacred and popular in Tamang community even in 21 st century.The main concern ofcross-cousin marriage was not todivide the resources. Tamang people want to keepall properties including labour,resources, cash and other equipments etc.under ownfamily tree. They want to escape from the unfair financial competition between twofamilies.So thecross-cousin marriage is popular and alive in Tamang community ofMadan village.In Tamang community, the right of dowry property belongs to his/herdaughter as aPewabut itis not mandatory.This system has helped to empower thedaughters economically becauseany other familymembers could not sell and transfersuch propertywithout her consent. The young generations of Tamang are aware of their environment and have begun tochoose marrying partner of their choicerather than parentalwhich is creating conflictsbetween the generations though there is socio-cultural significance of crosscousinmarriage system in their community. In broad-spectrum some members of Tamangcommunity are rigid on traditional norms and practices which signifies the differingperceptions of cross-cousin marriage. Hence, anthropological significance on cross-cousin marriage system in Tamang community is worth explanatory. It can be concluded that in the age of modernization and globalization, Tamangcommunities are succeeding to preserve their traditions and customs. For instance,they have succeeded to make alive their traditional cross-cousin marriage practicewhich is playing significant role to unite and make harmony among the Tamang.Therefore, the roles and responsibilities of the nation is to preserve this uniqueidentity, beauty and harmony.Item Roles of Men in Reproductive Health of Women (A Case Study of Tamang Community of Nasika Vdc, Kavrepalanchowk)(Department of Population Studies, 2009) Shrestha, NabinThis study entitled "Roles of men in Reproductive Health of Women” in Nasika VDC, Kavrepalanchowk District was carried out in order to assess the role of men in various domains i.e. family planning, maternal health, infertility and knowledge in STDs and HIV/AIDS of Tamangs. The primary data are collected from a month long field operation where 120 ever married Tamang,women age 15-59 years (23.86%) were selected through systematic random sampling procedure. In which,503 ever married Tamang men aged 15-59 were taken asuniverse population. Nearly equal distribution of the respondents is in the nuclear and joint family system. About 55percent respondents are literate among them 10 percent only have completed S.L.C.,and above level ofeducation. Agriculture is found as a major occupation of the respondents followed by 55 percent. Though all the respondents have heard about the FP but male participation is low. Only 56.10 percentof the respondents interact about using contraception between spouses. About 45 percent of the respondentshave adopted early marriage whereas respondents’ partners are three-fourth. About 5 percent respondents’wives give their first birth at below 15 years and majority of the mothers has 3-5 children. About 40 percentwomen deliver in absence of health workers. Only 62 percent of the respondents care during pregnancy and75 percent of their partners visit for ANC & 57 percent do not support for PNC. About 67 percent of the respondents have heard about infertility among them 63 percent believethat it means unable to bear any children. Most of the respondents say that infertility is due tobiological/physiological factors and 2.5 percent say it is due to divine power. Very few respondents say it cannot be treated and say to attemptto marry next. Nearly all respondents have knowledge on STDs & HIV/AIDS.About 75 percent of the respondents said that they would inform to their partners if they were suffered fromSTDs & HIV/AIDS. Almost all of the respondents supported RH education is essential. Highest percent of the respondents agree that all background people need RH education.Item The Socio-Economic and Demographic Status of Tamang Community,Lalitpur (A Case Study of Tamang Community of Gotikhel Vdc)(Department of Population Studies, 2011-03) Lama, TankaThis study entitled "The socio-economic and demographic status of Tamang community of Gotikhel VDC, Lalitpur was conducted from August 26 to February 15,2010 The study is in descriptive nature. The study was carried out to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of Tamang community about socio- economic and demographic status. The socio-economic and demographic status The socio- economic aspect is prevalent in all societies and tribes though it differs from place to place, society to society and country to country. It may be noted that it covers the life span of a man even before his birth and extends after his death. The level of the income determines the development of community and country. So, the key indicator of development is socio-economic aspect. The educational status of Tamang is miserable. They are only 40% literate where as the national literacy rate is 54%. The reason behind it is early marriage, consciousless about education and school leaving trend. That is why Tamang people donot have knowledge about birth spacing and they have high birth rate as well as large size of family. Which is supporting for the high PGR of nation. Their occupation also plays a vital role in achieving higher education. Only 1.9% of Tamang are Masters Degree holder. Due to their occupation they are affected in family structure. They prefer to live together with joint family for long decades. It is the main reason for getting backward in every sector in context to Nepal. The economy is the main the source of livelihood. Every society needs to develop its economic aspect for overall development .To develop the community of every ethnic group there should be good fiscal policy. The law income source is regarded as backwardness of the community.The economic status determines purchasing power, standard of living, quality of life, family size, the pattern of diseases and deviant behavior in the country.All most all Tamang communities, Tamangs are found skillful. They do have fine arts. They are found being engaged in handicraft, wooden craft, meson, field worker and labor. The service holder and business holder are few. Their main occupation is agriculture. That is why they are found as a backward caste and poor, The occupational status determines the standard of living. The living standard and quality of life is difficult to maintain by low income sources, Most of Tamangs live in Hill region. So their economic progress is seemed low comparing to Terai region Tamangs. Tamangs are very good creators of handicraft items but the extra income generated by selling them barely manage to make a livelihood out of it. Nowadays they are involved in making yield and wine as the main income. They want to live together forming crowd village .The main croups produced and used by them are wheat, millet, maize, potato, paddy etc. Nepal is having country having many ethnic groups with their mother tongue the main habitants of Tamangs are the hillside near the Kathmandu valley.Item Socio-Economic Condition of Tamang Community (A Case Study of Kamala Mai Municipality Ward No. 6 Sindhuli District(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2012-04) Ghalan, MilanThis is a study entitled, “Socio-Economic Condition of Tamang Community (A Case Study of Kamala Mai Municipality Ward No. 6 Sindhuli District. The general objective of this study is to analyze socio-economic conditions of the Tamang community of the study area and the specific objectives are to find out a socio economic status, cultural status Tamang and to suggest measures for the improvement in their status This study has been based on descriptive as well as exploratory research design which is considered as appropriate and the best for the analysis of this type of research study. It has been adopted exploratory because it makes attempt to explore the process of the study site. This study is limited only with 50 households, which is the small part of the whole Tamang community of Nepal. It has been based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data have been collected through household survey questions (interview), observation, group discussion and key informant etc. Similarly secondary data have been collected through published and unpublished materials such as research articles, related books, CBS report, previous studies and related profiles. The information related to socio economic status of Tamangs which was collected from group discussion. The information was help to fulfill the objective of the study. It will focus on Socio-economic condition of Tamangs’s, main festivals, educational condition and major problems of Tamangs. The old village people, school teachers, village head man have knowledge about the Tamangs of the study area they were selected as key informants and information has been collected through interview. Collected data has been presented and analyze by using simple statistical and mathematical tools Statistical tools such as percentage, diagram and table etc.Item Socio-Economic Condition of Tamang Community (A Case Study of Kamala Mai Municipality Ward No. 6 Sindhuli District)(Department of Rural Development, 2012) Ghalan, MilanThis is a study entitled,“Socio-Economic Condition of Tamang Community(A Case Study of Kamala Mai Municipality Ward No. 6 Sindhuli District. The general objective of this study is to analyze socio-economic conditions of the Tamang community of the study area and the specific objectives are to find out a socioeconomic status, cultural status Tamang and to suggest measures for the improvement in their status This study has been based on descriptive as well as exploratory research designwhich is considered as appropriate and the best for the analysis of this type of research study. It has been adopted exploratory because it makes attempt to explore the process of the study site.This study is limited only with 50 households,which is the small part of the whole Tamang community of Nepal. It has been based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data have been collected through household survey questions (interview), observation, group discussion and key informant etc. Similarly secondary data have been collected through published and unpublished materials such as research articles, related books, CBS report, previous studies and related profiles. The information related to socio economic status of Tamangs which was collected from group discussion. The information was help to fulfill the objective of the study. It will focus on Socio-economic condition of Tamangs’s, main festivals,educational condition and major problems of Tamangs. The old village people,school teachers, village head man have knowledge about the Tamangs of the study area they were selected as key informants and information has been collected through interview. Collected data has been presented and analyze by using simple statistical and mathematical tools Statistical tools such as percentage, diagram and table etc. It is found that only 6 household produced adequate quantity of food grains for one year and 20% have food production sufficient for 3 month only. It is found that paddy, maize and wheat were the major crops production. The estimated expenditure on food grain is higher than the food grain come from their own land.It is found that almost all families of the community have domestic animal for the purpose of manure,milk, meat, an egg of them. It is found that out of total estimated income of respondent the amount come from agriculture and animal husbandry are high beside other occupation but it is sufficient for family demand,so they practice other occupation. The economic condition of study area is low. The people live in very miserable condition. To uplift their socio-economic condition government should lunch effective birth control program in the study area and provide encourage to illiterate people for birth control. The majority of the female are illiterate in the study area. Therefore formal and non-formal adult literacy class should be organized through NGOs and government sector. It would make the women more aware of their responsibility to the family. The people should be encouraged to get treatment on health institution instead of traditional healer. For this purpose a documentary and Pam plating show should be organized by local health institution. Agriculture inputs should be made easily available in time and market should be opened for vegetable production. Loans should be provided at cheaper rate of interest through bank of finance.