Browsing by Subject "Language learning"
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Item Application of indivisualized technique in the English language classrooms(Department of English Education, 2011) Subedi, MadanThis research study “Application of Individualized Technique in the English Language Classrooms” is conducted to find out the teacher’s problems in applying individualized technique in the classrooms. To fulfill the objective of the study I used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary sources of data for the study were the responses given by secondary and higher secondary levels English teachers of Myagdi district. For this research, the sample population of the study consists of thirty teachers teaching in government aided and private schools of Myagdi district. I have adopted the non-random sampling procedure to select information. In the process of data collection, I observed the classes and used questionnaires containing questions to collect data. The study found that teachers have different problems in applying individualized technique. They were; lack of teacher training, large classroom size, time limitation, inaccessibility of required materials, shy nature of students, poor salary, lack of proper policy of the government and library problem. This thesis is composed of four chapters and each chapter is divided into necessary heading and sub-headings. Chapter one deals with general background, review of related literature, objectives, and significance of the study. Chapter two includes methodology of the study, sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collections, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Chapter three consists of analysis and interpretation of the collected data. Obviously, Chapter four discusses the findings and recommendations based on the analysis and interpretation of this study. And, reference and appendices also follow the fourth chapter.Item Attitude of Tharu students towards learning english(Department of English Educaion, 2015) Chaudhary, Mahesh KumarThis research entitled "Attitude of Tharu students towards learning English'' has been carried out with the aim of finding out to dissert the attitudes of Tharu student's attitude towards the mostly spoken language of the world which reigns in the heart of the foreign language and international language seekers. The researcher used questionnaire as a research tool happening to make a field visit to the urban and suburban as well as rural area students through primary and secondary data. In this research specially more than 70 percent attitude of Tharu students found negative attitude towards learning English while 30 percent attitude of Tharu students found positive towards learning English. At the same time, many of the students are interested in speaking with people overseas and they do not have any hostile feelings against English The present study consists of entirely five chapters. Chapter-1 introduces the study in terms of General background in Nepal the Glimpse of Tharu Language in Nepal the Tharu Language, Dialects of the Tharu Language, Statement of the Problem, Rational of the Study Objectives of the Study, Research Questions, Significance of the Study, Delimitation of the Study and Operational definitions of the Key Terms. Chapter-1 deals with Review of related Literature, Implication of Reviewed Literature, Theoretical Framework, An Introduction to Attitude, Reason for Language Learning, Characteristic of New Experiments and Innovative Practice and Conceptual Framework. Chapter-3 presents Methodology. Chapter-4 discusses Results and Discussions. Chapter -5 presents Summary, Conclusion and Implication.Item Attitudes of Tharu students in English language learning(Department of English Education, 2019) Chaudhary, ShankarThis research entitled Attitudes of Tharu Students in English Language Learning has main purposes to find out the attitudes of Tharu students in English learning and to find out factors affect in their learning. The research was narrative inquiry in design. The research was to know the various conditions and the levels of the Tharu students. Five Students were taken as a primary sources from three secondary schools of Dang district. From these three schools I have taken interview from five students. I have used interview as a tool for data collection. It was found that Tharu students really feels difficult in learning English. Poverty, economic condition, illiteracy, racial discrimination, environment, carelessness of government, social discrimination, geographical structure, unemployment etc are the factors that affects the Tharu students in learning the English language. This study comprises five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter consists of the review of related theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the study and conceptual framework. In the same way, chapter three includes design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures and ethical considerations. The fourth chapter is about analysis of collected data and interpretation of results. The analysis of data was themetically organized and further analyzed. The final chapter deals with findings, conclusion and recommendations. The references and appendices have been included in the last part of the thesis.Item Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in Error Reduction(Department of English Education, 2015) Tandan, PravinThis research study entitled“Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in Error Reduction”was an attempt to find out the role of cooperative learning to reduce the errors of the learners. This study was conducted in L.B Namuna English Boarding School of Rupandehi district. The students of grade nine were purposively selected as the sample for the experiment in this study. A pre-test was administered before starting teaching. The students were taught about four weeks using cooperative language method. Finally, a post-test was administered to determine the errors of the learners. The scores from pre-test and post-test were compared to each other and the data were analyzed using statistical tools like average, percentage, mean and they were presented using paraorthagraphical modes like tables and figures. After the interpretation and analysis of data, it was found that the cooperative language learning method played considerable role to reduce the errors of the learners. The learners committed errors in pretest but as the result of co-operative learning practice the number of error decreased in post test. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives and significance of the study,delimitation of the study and operational definitions of key terms respectively.The second chapter deals with the literature review. It includes review of related theoretical literature, review of the related empirical literature,implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Similarly,third chapter deals with methodology under which design and method of the study, population and sampling strategy, study area/field, tools/technique for data collection and the procedures of the data analysis and interpretation. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the results. It also includes the summary of the findings of the study. The fifth chapter consists of the conclusions and recommendations based on the analysis and interpretation of data. References and appendices are attached at the end of the study.Item Effectiveness of marking scheme in testing(Department of English Education, 2009) Pokhrel, KumarThis thesis entitled 'Effectiveness of Marking Scheme in Language Testing' has aimed to find out effectiveness of marking scheme in testing especially the answer sheets of SLC level students. For this purpose the data were collected conducting conference marking selecting 40 teachers from the two districts-Jhapa and Morang of eastern Nepal. The selected teachers were trained and untrained, male and female, private boarding school and government school teachers. After using marking scheme the difference was found item wise. More variation in marking was found to occur in subjective type test items than objective ones without using marking scheme. After using marking scheme the variation was minimized to some extent. The gist of the research is that marking scheme is effective in testing both types of language competencies: reading and writing. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, language and language testing, meaning and importance of marking, approaches to marking , objectives of the study, significance of the study. The second chapter includes the methodology applied to carry out research. It deals with the sources of data sampling procedures, tools of data collection, process of data collection and limitation of the study. The third chapter deals with the analysis and the interpretation of the data. The researcher has used descriptive style to present processes of effectiveness of marking scheme in testing and he has compared and contrasted the scoring of answer sheets of the students scored by the teachers using marking scheme and without using marking scheme. The researcher especially focused on the variation and differences in average mark after using marking scheme in testing the answer sheets. The answer sheets were graded considering the competency level of the students and named as set A, B and C. The fourth chapter presents the findings and recommendations. On the basis of analyzed data, some findings have been listed, and, in turn, on the basis of these findings, some recommendations have been made for pedagogical implications.Item Immediate oral feedback in students’ learning English at secondary level(Department of English Education, 2023) Gurung, DevendraThis is a study on Immediate Oral Feedback in Students' Learning English at Secondary Level. The main objectives of this research were to find out teachers' perception and practices on immediate oral feedback in enhancing students' learning English. Qualitative descriptive research design was used for this study. To meet the objectives of the study, four secondary level English teachers currently teaching in community schools (class 9 to 10) of Sankhuwasabha district were selected using purposive sampling strategy. Semi-structured interview and classroom observation were used as techniques of data collection and observation diary and semi-structured questions were used as tools to collect the data. After analysis and interpretation of data I found that teachers had positive attitudes on providing immediate oral feedback and they provided immediate oral feedback frequently and immediately in their oral work. Similarly, they mostly used words and phrases like "great", "nice", "good job", "well done", "excellent", "keep it up", "you did it" in the oral form for providing feedback for the students. In the same way, they used repetition and clarification request as techniques for the correction of students' mistakes. They also said that immediate oral feedback works as the powerful tool to motivate students and helped to improve students' learning English. The present study consists of five chapters. The first chapter includes the introduction of the study (background, statement of problem, objectives, research questions, rationale, delimitation and operational definition). The second chapter deals with the review of related theoretical and empirical literature andthe conceptual framework (feedback, feedback in language learning, types, important of immediate feedback, principles, ways and challenges).Similarly, the third chapter contains methods and procedures of the study (design, population sample, data collection tools, procedure, analysis and interpretation). And the fourth chapter is about the analysis of the data and interpretation of the results in to different headings and sub-headings. Likewise, the fifth chapter incorporates the findings (findings related to teachers' perception and practice on immediate oral feedback)conclusion and recommendations (policy, practice and further research related) and the last section consists references, consent form and appendices.Item Language learning strategies adopted by bachelor level students(Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011) Mahat, RinaThis research entitled “Language learning strategies adopted by the bachelor level students” is an attempt to find out the strategies adopted by the students in learning at class. It also aims to point out the problems faced by them while studying at that level. In order to achieve these objectives, two research tools – questionnaire for students and class observation form were prepared. Two colleges of Kathmandu district were selected for the collection of data. Twenty-five students were selected from each college. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to the selected students and also observed their classes for six days focusing on the strategies of language learning. A very divergent situation was found in the strategies of language learning. It was varied from students to students. No fixed strategy was found in language learning at Bachelor level. The condition of language learning to the respective level was found satisfactory. Though, there was the maximum use of memory strategy, students were using other strategies too. It was found that students were facing with different problems in language learning. This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one defines the study in terms of general background of the learning strategy, its types, review of the related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with methodology i.e. how the research was carried out. This chapter includes sources of data, sampling procedure, tools, and process of data collection and limitations of the study. The analysis and interpretation of the data has been presented in chapter three. Simple statistical tools and charts have also been used to make presentation and interpretation more vivid. On the basis of analyzed data, some findings and recommendations have been pin pointed in chapter four.Item Learning Strategies Used by Language Learners in English(Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University,Kirtipur Kathmandu,Nepal, 2011) Dhital, TulashiThe purpose of the present research entitled “Learning Strategies Used by Good Language Learners in English” was to find out the Learning Strategies Used by the S.L.C. distinction holders. The researcher selected two private colleges from Kathmandu district to collect the data. They were Don Bosco Higher Secondary School and Nobel Academy. For the study, the researcher selected sixty students. The researcher applied both primary (i.e. responses of the S.L.C. distinction holders in English subject or good language learners in English) and secondary sources of data ( i.e. books, articles, dictionary etc.). The researcher used a set of questionnaire as a tool for data collection. She applied non-random purposive sampling procedure to select colleges, faculties and respondents. On the basis of the collected data, each of the strategies employed by the good language learners in English were determined using simple statistical tools like percentage and presented with the help of tables. It was found that distinction holders used different strategies to learn four language skills i.e. listening, speaking, reading, writing and four language aspects i.e. vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and language function and to enhance their English language learning. This research work encompasses four chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction which entails general background of the study, review of the related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definitions of the specific terms. The second chapter deals with the methodology part. It includes sources of data, sample and sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. The third chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of raw data which were collected from the two colleges. The fourth chapter presents the findings derived from the analysis and interpretation of collected data. It also provides some recommendations on the basis of findings. The final section of the study entails the references and appendices.Item Learning Strategies Used by Maithili Learnersof English at Higher Secondary Level(Faculty of Education, 2010) Yadav, Shree PrasadThe present study entitled, "Learning Strategies used by Maithili Learnersof English at Higher Secondary Level" aims to identify the learningstrategies adapted by Mathili students and the benefits they got fromthose strategies for thedevelopment of knowledge. The research study ismainly based on the primary sources of data which was collected fromthe 100 Maithili students in different campuses of Dhanusha district. Thedata obtained from the respondents with the help of the questionnaire andinterview have been analyzed and interpreted using simple statisticaltools. The study found that metacognitive strategies were used by theMaithili learners of English of higher secondary levels to a great extend.The thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one is introductory one. Itincludes general background, review of the related literature, objectivesand significance of the study. Chapter two deals with the methodology. Itincorporates sources of data, sampling procedures, tools of datacollection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Chapterthree encompasses analysis and interpretation of data. In this section bothstatisticaland descriptive approaches have been used. Chapter fourincorporates findings and recommendations of the research. Thereferences and appendices form the concluding part of the thesis.Item Motivation of M.ED. level students toward English language learning: A narrative inquiry(Department of English Education, 2019) Bohara, Bir BahadurThis present study entitled Motivation of M.Ed. Level Students Towards English Language Learning: A Narrative Inquiry was an attempt to find out the experiences of M.Ed. level students towards English language learning. In order to collect the data, the researcher used semi –structured interview. The researcher has used purposive non-random sampling procedure. Under the methodology of the study the researcher has adopted Qualitative method to analyse the data. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The research was carried out by adopting semi- structured interview. Four students of M.Ed. level were selected as participants. The main tools of data collection were interview schedule. The study showed that Motivation played very significant role in student's learning. They were motivated from different motivational factors such as: Career related factor social factor, economic factor, language related factor .Similarly, students were motivated towards English language from different sources: teachers, parents, respectful persons in the society, and motivational incidents. Students were found to be highly motivated extrinsically and intrinsically in English learning. Students decided to learn English language due to different reasons such as: academic achievement, better career, global communication, good job opportunity. The thesis consists of five chapters; the first chapter consists of introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, Objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and delimitation of the study. The review of theoretical and empirical literature, implication of the study and conceptual framework are included in second chapter. The methods and procedures of the study incorporate research design, study population, sampling procedure, data collection tools, study area, data collection procedure, analysis and interpretation are in third one. Result, summary and discussion, are presented in chapter four and conclusion and recommendation are included in chapter five.Item Motivation techniques used by basic level English teachers(Department of English Education, 2023) Dhami, Rajendra SinghAvailable with full textItem Perceptions of university level students on the role of private tutoring to enhance their learning(Department of English Education, 2022) Pandey, Ranjita KumariThe present research work entitled “Perceptions of University Level Students on the Role of Private Tutoring to Enhance their Learning” was carried out to explore the perceptions of Master level English students on private tutoring interm of language teaching technique, content coverage, use of materials (teaching materials and reference materials) and classroom management. Master level 30 students were selected following purposive non-random sampling procedure. To find out the perceptions of the students, I used questionnaire containing both open-ended and close ended questions. Data collected from informants were tabulated and analyzed applying simple statistical tools i.e. tables, bar diagram and pie-chart. By analyzing and interpreting the data, I found that students are positive toward private tutoring in the sense, tutoring helps to secure high marks; it also helps to the students who cannot regularly attend the class. Students get individual treatment and student centred techniques are applied in tutoring classes. But they accepted that the tutoring increases students’ dependency on teachers; it demands extra fee and time , so all the students may not be able to afford it. So, it increases social inequality as well. This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, the second consists of the review of the theoretical literature, review of the empirical literature, implication of the review of the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the methodological aspect under which method and design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, sources of data ( primary and secondary), data collection procedures, data analysis procedures and ethical considerations. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of the data and interpretation of results. Similarly, the fifth chapter of the study consists findings, conclusions and recommendations of the whole study. References are included at the end of the study.Item Role of Monitor in Learning the English Language(Department of English Education, 2010) Sharma, SunitaThis study entitled Role of Monitor in Learning the English Language aimed at finding the role of monitor in learning the English Language in the process of Second Language Acquisition. The study was carried out using data from both the primary and secondary sources. The data were collected through a written test and interview (structured) schedule. For this purpose, a sample of 40 students was selected from Mahendra Ratna Campus, Tahachal, Kathmandu. The study has found that Optimal Monitor Users are the best English language learners. It is concluded that the monitor has effective role in learning the English Language. This study has four chapters. The first chapter introduces the study which consists of general background, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter mainly concerns with the methodology used in this study; the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools of data collection and limitations of the study. Similarly, the third chapter of the study comprises analysis and interpretation of the data. Based on the analysis and interpretation of data, the fourth chapter concludes with the findings and recommendations of the study. Furthermore, this chapter includes some suggestions. Finally, but foremost it presents some guidelines to further researchers who want to carry out study on this very topic. The concluding chapter is followed by the references and appendices that are used in the thesis.Item Role of motivation for enhancing speaking skills in ELT classrooms(Department of English Education, 2023) Yadav, Vijay KumarThe study is entitled Role of Motivation for Enhancing Speaking skills in ELT classrooms. The aims of this study were to find out the role of motivation for enhancing speaking skills in ELT classroom. I adopted mixed method research design by using both primary and secondary sources of data. The required data were collected by using class observation, semi-structured interview and a set of questionnaire. The participants of five secondary level English teachers and forty students of different schools of Lalitpur district were selected through non-random sampling method. The data collected through semi-structured interview, classroom observation and questionnaire were analyzed and interpreted thematically and descriptively. It was found that the role of motivation is really significant for enhancing students’ speaking skill. Moreover, the use of motivation in ELT classrooms has promoted students for various purposes such as to acculturate in target communities, to get good job in foreign countries, to develop their personality, to develop their understanding capacity and expanding the horizon of knowledge of other subjects. Similarly, it was found that teachers used various speaking strategies like simulation, picture elicitation, language games, project work, drill methods and presentation to motivate and develop speaking skills. Additionally, most of the learners feel difficult to express themselves. Finally, it was concluded that motivation can boost up the proficiency of students’ speaking skills. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the topic which consists of background of the study, statements of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and the operational definition of the key terms are included. The second chapter includes both theoretical and empirical literature, along with implications of the review for the study. It also includes conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study. It includes research design of the study, population, sample, sampling strategies, data collection tools, data collection procedures, data interpretations procedures and ethical considerations. The fourth chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the data. Similarly, the fifth chapter presents findings and conclusion of the study, and recommendations. Moreover, it also suggests some pedagogical implications based on policy related, practice related and further research related. This chapter is followed by references and appendices used for the study.Item Role of Output in Second Language Acquisition(Faculty of Education University Campus Tribhuwan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011) Singh, Ramesh BahadurThe thesis entitled ‘Role of Output in Second Language Acquisition’ was an attempt of the researcher to find out the role of output in learning English past tense. To achieve the objectives of the study, both the primary and secondary sources of data were used. A sample of 30 grade 9 students from a private school in Kathmandu district was taken as informants for the purpose of the study. Test items were regarded as the tool to collect primary data. The students were divided into two groups-controlled (Group A) and experimental (Group B) and they were taught English (past tense) for 20 days. The study found that Group B has achieved 11.74 marks more than that of the Group A in the post test. It showed that the output of Group B in English past tense was better than Group A. The progress of group B was due to the focus on language output (production) during the period of teaching which Group A did not get. Through this evidence, it is found that focus on output is a requirement for successful learning of a second language as the activities of producing the target language enables the target language learners to consciously recognize their linguistic problems and make them more aware of something they need to know about the target (second) language. It was derived from the study that the production of output promotes ‘noticing’ which helps learners to recognize the gap between what they want to produce and what they actually produced. The thesis has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the general background, literature review, objectives and the significance of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology which is sub-chaptered as the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and the limitations of the study. The third chapter includes the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from the field. The fourth chapter contains the findings and recommendations of the study.Item Role of parents for the advancement in English language(Department of English Education, 2017) Shahi, NamitaThis research entitled Role of Parents for the Advancement in English Language Learning. The population or universe of the study is grade 8 students and their parents. The sample population of this study consisted of 20 students from four different schools of Dhangadi Municipality of Kailali district and 20 parents of those students. The researcher selected 20 parents of grade 8 students and 20 students themselves from four schools of Dhangadi municipality of Kailali district by using non-random judgmental sampling procedure. To find out parents and family member o English language students, researcher has been selected these four schools: (i) Saradha Higher Secondary School, Taranagar; (ii) National Primary School, Behedi; (iii) Balbhani Primary School, Jali and (Iv) Siddharth Secondary School, L.N.Chowok. It can be concluded that 12 parents (60%) managed extra classes for their children. In this connections P2 replied "School manages the extra class as per need". Similarly 8 parents (40%) have not managed any extra classes. 11 parents (55%) did not beat their children although they showed mannerless behavior. In this regard P2 replied "Rarely , I don't think that beating is a suitable way to treat children", Similarly 9 parents (45%) bit their children while they showed mannerless behavior. This thesis has been divided into five different chapters. The first chapter, 'Introduction' includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of key terms of the study. Similarly, chapter two deals with the review of related theoretical literature, empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the methodology employed to conduct the study. It gives information about the design and method of the study, population and sample, sampling strategy, study area, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedures. Collected data were presented, analyzed and interpreted applying statistical tools like frequency and percentage in the fourth chapter. It also includes summary of the findings. Likewise, the fifth chapter includes the conclusions and recommendations. Some recommendations for policy, practice & further research related areas are presented in this section. This research is also followed by references and appendixes.Item A Study on the Problems Faced by Slow Learners in English Language Classes(Department of English Education, 2012) Pathak, Khagendra PrasadThe present thesis entitled "A Study on the Problems Faced by Slow Learners in English Language Classes" has been carried out to find out the problems faced by slow learners in English language classes. Regarding the methodology, both primary and secondary sources of data were used while carrying out this research. Eighty-one lower secondary and secondary level students and twelve English language teachers from three different private schools of the Kathmandu district and twelve English language teacher were non-randomly and purposively sampled out for the study.I used questionnaire for data collection.It was found that slow learners faced problems because of lack of support from their parents and teachers. It was also found that the causes of slow learning were deprivation from the opportunities of learning,literacy of parents and well treatment of teachers.It has been recommended that slow learner are provided with special trainings to better facilitate in their learning. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter is an introductory chapter which includes general background,review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter is methodology which includes sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure,tools and process of data collection and limitations of the study.Chapter three deals with analysis and interpretations of data.Likewise, the fourth chapter deals with the findings and recommendations of the study followed by references and appendices.Item Teacher's beliefs on practices of communicative language teaching(2016) Shrestha, SunitaThe present thesis entitled Teachers’ Beliefs on Practices of Communicative Language Teaching aimed to find out the English teachers’ beliefs on the use of CLT in ELT classes and the problems they face in implementing it. Keeping the objectives in consideration, 30 English teachers from 30 different schools were sampled through non-random purposive sampling procedure. A set of structured questionnaire was the tool of data collection. After analysis and interpretation of data, it has been found that many ELT teachers hold positive beliefs about CLT but they feel it is difficult to apply in the classroom due to various reasons like students’ low proficiency in English, their unwillingness to take part in classroom activities, lack of required resources, lack of teachers accountability. And it has also been found that many ELT teachers of Sunsari apply CLT at least sometimes. This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one is introductory part which includes background of the study, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, chapter two includes the review of the related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implications of the review of the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with methods and procedures of the study under which design and method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, study area, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures, analysis and interpretation procedures are mentioned. Likewise, chapter four includes analysis and interpretation of results and summary of findings. Chapter five includes conclusions and recommendations at three different areas i.e., policy related, practice related and further research related. Finally, the references and appendices are included.Item Teachers' Perceptions on Critical pedagogy for Promoting Gender Equality in English Language Learning(Faculty of Education, 2020) Rai, LalshwariThis research study entitledTeachers'Perceptions onCritical PedagogyforPromoting Gender Equalitywas carried out to identify theteachers'perceptions on how the critical pedagogy promotes the gender equality and toanalyze the teachers' gender equality friendly teaching learning activities insidethe classroom. This study followed the quantitiveresearchmethod. I usedsimple non-randomsampling procedure andquestionnairewas a tool forcollecting data. Sample of populations were fortyEnglish teachers who havebeen teaching at basic and secondary level inKathmandudistrict.Researcheranalyzedand interpreted databyusing statistical tools anddescriptively. Themajorfindingsof the research wasthat critical pedagogy can promote thegenderequality by providing genderfriendly environment inside their teachingprocess,critical pedagogy supports that gender related issues as well as it helpsto maintain the gender equality in the learning process. If the teachers creategender friendly environment in the class, it helps to get quality achievement tothe students in their learning of language This thesis consists of the fivechapters.Each chapter is an important of thisstudy.The first chapter isintroducingpart. It includesbackground of the study,statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions,significance of the study, delimitations of the study, and operational definitionsof key terms.Similarly, the second chapter consists of review all the relatedtheoreticaland empirical literatures, their implications on the study andconceptualframeworkof the whole study. Likewise, the third chapter consistsof the methodological procedures, population, sample of population samplingprocedures; research tool, data collection procedure, data analysis andinterpretation procedure and ethical considerations. Then, the fourth chapterdeals with the analysis and interpretations of data. Finally, fifth chapter dealswith findings, conclusions of the study andrecommendationsof the study.Item Teachers’ Perceptions on and Practices of Collaborative Learning in Developing Speaking Skill(Department of Education, 2015) Poudel, GopalThe present research study entitled “Teachers’ Perceptions on and Practices of Collaborative Learning in Developing Speaking Skill” aimed to find out the teachers’ perceptions on and practices of collaborative learning in developing speaking skill.To meet the objectives of this research study, I purposively selected 20 secondary level English teachers from 20 schools of Taplejung district as sample for this study. One secondary level English teacher from each school was selected for this study.Questionnaire and Classroom observation checklist were used to collect the data for this study. The findings of this study showed that collaborative learning provided opportunities for learners to develop successful learning and communication strategies.Similarly, seventy percent teachers agreed that working in pairs and groups students could increase their fluency and command over speaking skill.Although collaborative learning is important in developing speaking skill, it was found that only 66.67% English teachers were interested in creating environment of collaboration for teaching this skill.Likewise, it was found that teachers rarely used collaborative games in developing speaking skill of the students. This thesis is organized into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the topic, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter includes review of related theoretical literature,review of related empirical literature, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter covers all the areas of methodology. Likewise, the fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of results and the fifth chapter includes conclusions and recommendations at three different areas (policy related, practice related and further related).