Browsing by Subject "Secondary level"
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Item Attitudes and Practices of Secondary Level English Teachers towards Teacher Professional Development(Department of English Education, 2018) Tamang, BhuwanThis research entitledAttitudesand Practices of Secondary Level EnglishTeachers towardsTeacher Professional Developmenthas been carried out toidentify the attitudes of secondary English teachers towards teacher professionaldevelopment.The primary data werecollected from the thirtysecondary Englishteachers ofthe Kathmandu valley. The data were obtained from the respondentsthrough the use of questionnaire consisted with close and open–ended questions.Thecollected data were analyzed with the help of statistical tools.The major findings ofthis study were majorityoftherespondents had given positive response towardsteacher professional development and most of the teachers had preferred to practiceteacher support group for their professional development. The study shows thatalmost all the teachers expressed their positive attitudes to the practices of teacherprofessional development at secondary level for their professional development. Theyalso viewed that practices of teacher professional development play significant role tosustain the profession of the teacher. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter includes the background of thestudy, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions,significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of thekey terms. The second chapter presents review of related theoretical literature, reviewof empirical literature, implications of the study and conceptual framework. In thesame way, the third chapter deals with design of the study, population, sample andsampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, dataanalysis procedures and ethical considerations. The fourth chapter is about analysis ofdata and interpretation of result. The fifth chapter includes findings, conclusion andrecommendations. The final chapter is followed by the references and appendixes tomake the study reliable, valid and authentic.Item Attitudes of English Language Teachers Towards Testing System of Secondary Level(Faculty of English Education, 2019) Upadhyay, KhargeswarThe thesisentitled "Attitudes of English Teachers towards Testing System ofSecondary Level". It aims to find out the attitudes of English teachers towardsEnglish Language Testing System. To accomplish the objectives of the study, theresearcher selected eighteen English teachers from public schoolsfrom JhapaDistrict. They were chosen by using(non-random)purposive sampling procedure.For collecting data, the researcher used a set of questionnaire including the open-ended and close-ended questions. The questions were categorized into three items;they were 'General Question', 'Reasons for testing English language', and 'positiveand negative aspects of English language testing system '. The main finding of thestudy was that the maximum numbers of English teachers were dissatisfied withthe present English language testing system of secondary level of Nepal. Theywanted change in the existing testing system. They specially arguedthat ourEnglish language testing is not emphasizing four language skills equally and alsonot following the international norms and standard of ELT system strictlylike asIELTS and TOEFL. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction of thestudy. The second chapter contains the review of related literature and theoreticalframework. In this way, the third chapter deals withmethods and procedures of thestudy. Similarly, the fourth chapter incorporates analysis and interpretation ofresults and summary of findings. Finally, the fifth chapter comprises theconclusions and recommendation with policy related, practice related and furtherresearch related. At the end the references and appendices are included.Item Causes of Low Achievement of Girls in Mathematics at Secondary Level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2015) Bhattarai, PradipMathematics takes important place in human life. We use it directly or indirectly on the every moment of the life. And it is used in different ways of human life. The main concern of this study was to compare the achievement level of Girls and Boys students and to find out the major factors affecting the achievement of Girls students in mathematics in SankhuwaSabha district. Seventy Girls students of five rural and five urban schools are chosen for the study. Research design was survey design. Achievement test and questionnaire were the main tools for the data collection. The study found that mean achievement of Rural Girl students was 19.77 and mean achievement of Urban Girl students was 21.17. The mean difference of two groups was 1.4. It was found that the achievement of Urban Girl students were higher than Rural Girls students.School environment, Teachers behavior, Effective classroom, Peer`s behavior, Interest of the learners, family background, and Time variable were the major factors affecting the mathematics achievement of Girl students. The study concluded that the achievement of Urban Girl students were higher than Rural Girls students. Similarly, there were many causal factors for their low achievement which included school related and out of school related.Item Difficulties in learning arithmetic at secondary level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2022) K C, KesharThis is a case study related the difficulties in learning arithmetic at grade X. The main objectives of this study were to explore the different kinds of difficulties in learning arithmetic at secondary level students and to analyse the cause of difficulties in learning arithmetic at secondary level .This was based on qualitative nature of data. I selected Shree janajagriti secondary school in Rolpa district.The data was collected of this study with interview, observation and class test. The population of this study were selected purposively from rolpa district. I had selected 5 respondent's students,one mathematics teacher and head teacher, and then the collected data were analysed by descriptive method. The finding of the study shows that there were lots of difficulties. In organizational difficulties and language difficulties students are sequential order of solution steps,mismatches for making final solution and students are confused by the language of arithmetic in technical word problem. Also the students had some causes of difficulties which were teacher-students interaction, teaching method,student's participation in arithmetic learning and material and practices of arithmetic at home. There was no proper interaction between teacher and students. Most of students were not sufficiently practice at home become there were not clear concept of arithmetic. There is lack of teaching materials and teacher cannot use teaching material in mathematic class. Students are more weeks, irregular. They haven't sufficient time to practice in classroom. So the students were filling difficulty in learning arithmetic.Item Difficulties in learning vector geometry at secondary level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2016) Goutam, PradeepThis study intended to explore the learning difficulties in vector geometry at secondary level and to find the way for minimizing difficulties. The study was based on a case study design. Researcher had faced difficulties on teaching and learning during the practice teaching as well as he was in secondary level. So, the researcher selected this problem as a research. It was hope that, it is most important to whom who are difficulties on vector geometry teaching and learning. The researcher selected Mathematics teacher, Head teacher and seven students as the respondent for the interview of selected school. The tools used in data collection procedure were class observational note, semi-structured interview and test. Collected data were analysed by the cross match approach, triangulation approach and draw conclusion with the help of learning disability theories, Bruner constructivist theory and Dr. Levine's all kind of minds theories. The finding of the study shows that, there were myriads of difficulties. This had made both teacher and students' a passive agent in dealing with vector geometry teaching and learning. One component of arising difficulties on learning process in vector geometry was the pre-knowledge and poor geometrical background of students. And another was the traditional teaching strategies in vector geometry class by both trained and untrained teachers had remained as a main issues. Vector teaching is seems to be exam oriented rather than its application. The students' and teachers' both faced difficulty on vector geometry teaching and learning process because of the poor evaluation system, poor geometrical background, negligence for doing homework, lack of using instructional materials, non effective teaching learning management were some examples. To minimize such kinds of difficulties, there should be continuous communication among students and teachers and teaching strategy must be student centred. Students' had given opportunity to work alone and together in the class. Continuous assessment system should be taken in practice.Item Effectiveness of Problem Solving Method in Learning Mathematics at Secondary Level(Department of Mathematics Education Central Department of Education University Campus Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016) Bhatta, SaraswotiThis study presents an experiment on the effectiveness of problem solving method in learning mathematics at secondary level. The main goal of the study is to analyze the collected data and find out the effectiveness of problem solving method. Since problem-solving in mathematics is a fascinating activity for most students that can improve motivation that make mathematics more interesting for many students. The objective of this study is to compare the achievement score of the students taught by problem solving method and by using traditional teaching method. The population of the study includes the ninth grade students of government school of Kathmandu district. Out of 23 students of two schools, 12 as experimental group from Gram Shikshya Mandir Higher Secondary School and 11 as control group from Shree Baluddhar Higher Secondary School. The experimental groups were taught by using problem solving method whereas the control groups were taught by traditional method. The test scores were calculated and analyzed in terms of their mean, variance and t-value. To measure the effectiveness of problem solving method in teaching mathematics, the researcher developed and administered an achievement test for both pre test and post test. The test scores were collected and descriptively analyzed by using different mathematical tools as mean, percentage and t-test. The findings of this study were presented after analyzing and interpreting the data. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the data, the findings of this study proved that problem solving method was more effective than the usual traditional method. The students who were taught by using problem solving method were significantly better than that of the students taught by using traditional method.Item Mathematical Anxiety among Secondary Level Girls students(Department of Mathematics Education, 2020) ANITA JOSHI, AnitaThe main target of this research was to find out the causes of anxiety in mathematicslearning and their respective remedial measures of secondary level girl students. Theresearch was conducted at Mahakali secondary school, Mandan Deupur municipality,kavre.The research design of the study was qualitative. The tools used in datacollection procedure are Interview, FGD and class observation techniques. Data wereanalysed and interpreted by coding, theming, categorizing and triangulation. The results inferred that the weak physical environment of the school intensifiedmathematical anxiety among the girl students..Student's family environmentmeasured in income and educational level and housework burden intensifiedmathematical anxiety among the girl students. To reduce the anxiety in this situation,socio-economic status of student's family should be uplifted.Ineffective methods andmaterials used by teachers for teaching learning in the mathematics classroom wereunable to entertain with the mathematics contents and it enhanced mathematicalanxiety among the girl students. Thus, for the remedy, student centered teachingmethods should be used with effective teaching materials.The course contents werelengthy and toughfor the students. Thus, it intensified anxiety on girl students. Toavoid the anxiety in this situation, students must receive complete knowledge andskill at each grade.There was lack of competency in the mathematics teachers. Thus,to reduce mathematical anxiety on girl students, competency of mathematics teachersmust be enhanced through special training programs.Teachers did not motivated thestudents well, which lost their self-efficacy and consequently inflated mathematicsanxiety. Hence, there was need of motivation and interest to reduce mathematicalanxiety among the girl students.There was lack of peer group work that would helpstudents to each other in learning mathematics. Hence, it induced mathematicalanxiety among the girl students and it was downsized by creating peer group learningenvironment in the school. Teachers, policy makers, and in theory building could implement this study's results.This research is related to mathematical anxiety among the secondary level girlstudents.Therefore, it is helpful for mathematics teachers, students, textbook writers,curriculum planners to develop their professional fields.Item Mathematics Student's Belief and Practice of Tuition(Departement Of Mathemathics Education Central Departement Of Education University Campus, Kirtipur Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal, 2016) Shrestha, Ram KrishnaThe main aim of this study entitled "Mathematics Students' Belief and Practice of Tuition" was to investigate the beliefs of mathematics students' towards the practice of tuition. The study was also aimed to find the causes of taking tuition at secondary level students. The study was survey and descriptive research design, in fact mixed (quantitative and qualitative). To investigate the beliefs of mathematics students' towards the practice of tuition, the researcher used the questionnaire form. The questionnaire sheet contained 30 statements on the basis of five components: Interest, Effort, Self-confidence, Uselessness and Fear related with tuition. In each component there were 6 statements. Among 30 statements 18 statements were positive and 12 statements were negative to tuition. The questionnaire administered among 250 secondary level students from 14 sampled public secondary schools of Dhankuta district. The Chi-square test was used to investigate the belief of mathematics students' towards the practice of tuition. Entire test is used at 0.05 level of significance. Also, to find the causes of taking tuition at secondary level students, the researcher administered in-depth interview of 10 mathematics students (6 boys and 4 girls) and 5 mathematics teachers from 14 sample public secondary schools of Dhankuta district with help of interview guidelines. The information from in-depth interview of sample students and teachers obtained in qualitative form and those data analyzed by Cross-match method. The researcher also observed 3 tuition classes with the help of checklist. The population of the present study contained the public secondary schools students of Dhankuta district. The researcher found that the high belief towards the practice of tuition at secondary level students. Also, concluded that there was significant relationship between students‟ belief and their practice of tuition. v The absent of teachers and students in classroom; reading writing environment is not good at home; reading writing environment is not good at school; low economic status of students; to identify the important questions related to exam; many students feel pleasure to learn mathematics in tuition; to solve the problems immediately; it increases the practice habit of students and group learning; easy to understanding math problems; to finish the course in time; easy to pass exam; and not tension for guide and guess paper are the causes of taking of tuition at secondary level students. At present study the researcher concluded that the majority of the secondary level students were interested to take tuition for learning mathematics.Item Motivational factors for selecting optional mathematics at secondary level(Department of Mahematics Education, 2017) Dhami, Bharat SinghThe main target of this research was to find out the motivational factor toselect optional mathematics atsecondary level. The research was conducted in only on school Omega Higher Secondary School Kumaripati, Lalitpur by purposive sampling method. The tools used in data collection procedure are class observation noteand face to face interview for students, optional mathematics teacher, parents and principal of the school.The obtained data was collected on the basis of conceptual understanding of the study and then data was analyzed by descriptive survey. Though the nature of the study was qualitative to achieve the objectives. The previousstudy of research reports and journals were guide to the study. The researcher categorized themotivationalfactors into four different parts as: Students related factor, parents related factor, teacher related factor, science and technology related factor. The above motivational factors are due toschool policy of admission,student’sgood pre-knowledge,and regularity, labor in learning mathematics, good economic and educational back ground of parents, teachers’ motivation towards students, good qualityof teacher, proper teaching learning environment and better opportunityof mathematics rather than other subject. Overall, student’s interest and positive feeling, pre concept of mathematics, positive explanation about mathematics from teacher, parents and other person side and school policy motivated the students in optional mathematics. Hence, this research was successful to identify the motivational factors forselecting optional mathematics atsecondary level.Item Participation of Girls in Mathematics(2017) Devkota, SushmaThis study focuses on the participation of girls in mathematics at secondary level. This is a survey research that attempts to describe the participation level of girls’ students in secondary level mathematics and to analyze the participantion of girls. Four secondary schools were selected randomly from all schools of Gorkha District including one rural and three urban areas. One set of opinionnaire schedule was administered to find out the level of girls participation in mathematics class of selected class of sample secondary schools. And one set of opinionnaire scale was prepared and distributed to the girls’ students to find out the effect of teaching learning process, home environment, school environment, social variable and self interest towards mathematics in girl participation. Concerning to above factors unstructured interviews was taken with mathematics teachers from respective sample secondary schools. Statistical test such as: c2- value was used to interpret the result and reflection was made over the statistical. This study shows that the participation of girl students is low in comparison to boys in Mathematics. The main factors that affect the participation of girls are: male dominated society, less priority was given by parents to their daughter than sons, different error made by students in solving mathematical problem, home environment, school environment, teaching learning process, drill and practice. At last, it is concluded that girls are equally able and should be given equal facilities at home and at school to learn mathematics. Parent and teachers should not consider boys are assert and daughter as a liability.Item Problem faced by students' in learning Geometry at secondary level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2016) Lama, LasangThis study entitled "Problem Faced by Students' in Learning Geometry at Secondary Level" is aimed to explore the problems faced by students in learning geometry at secondary level and to compare the problems in community and institutional schools. Twenty schools of Sarlahi district were selected in sample by stratified random sampling method among them 10 schools are community and 10 schools and institutional. Nine students from each 10 community school and 6 students from each 10 institutional schools were selected as sample and comprise 150 students in total. The design of the research is descriptive survey. The instruments used in the study were one set of questionnaire to identify the problems faced by the students in learning geometry and one set of interview schedule to explore the causes of problems. The collected data through the use of instruments were tabulated, interpreted and analyzed with simple percentage, mean weightage and t-test. The analysis of data indicated that there are problems in learning geometry especially in teaching learning activities, instructional materials, proving and verifying theorems, assessment and feedback system. The causes of these problems found in the study are spending more time on household work, playing, distance between home and school, negligence by teacher to poor students, teaching without providing clear concepts and lack of use of teaching materials while teaching geometry. In this study it was found that the problems faced by students' in learning geometry in community and institutional school are not significantly different. The students are facing common problems in learning geometry in both type of schools.Item Promotion of Students’ Achievement in Geometry using Van Hiele Model in Secondary Level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2021) Joshi, Rameshwar PrasadThis thesis is entitled “Promotion of Students’ Achievement in Geometry Using Van Hiele Model in Secondary Level”. The objectives of this study were to dig out the level of mathematics students of secondary level compared with Van Hiele model and to explore to attitude of the students about Van Hiele model of teaching geometry at grade nine. The design of the study is mixed research design. Two government school were selected by purposive sampling. The respondents of this study were all students of grade 9 from selected two school. To collect data, the researcher used document analysis, Van Hiele Geometry Test, and clinical interview as research tool. The researcher analyzed geometry syllabus of grade nine and past geometry yearly examina tion questions in document analysis. The research from the study indicated that many of the selected school students who participated in the research have a weak conceptual understanding of geometric concept. Most of the students were functioning at Van Hiele level 0 and 1. The students who participated in the study were functioning at a level that do not fit with their mathematics curriculum. There were better performance of school B than school A. Researcher found the condition that some students wrote the correct answer of upper level without answering the previous level. Through the interview it was found that this condition arises due to the rote learning, guessing, learning rules or definitions by rote or by applying routine algorithms that they didn’t understand. The main challenge found by this research study was that the participants lacked conceptual understanding of geometric concepts. The teaching and learning of geometry should be conduct program to improve result. When teaching about geometric shapes and concepts, teacher should ensure that the proper geometric terminologies are used by both teacher and students. Students can only recognize, describe and distinguish geometric shapes from each other by knowing their properties. Teacher should focus to student to study the structure of geometry, student should be self-motive to learn geometry, generate rules and regulation side of school, student and teacher to promote the achievement in geometry.Item Strategies of teaching stories at secondary level(Department of English Education, 2022) Bastola, KhemrajThis thesis entitled"Strategies of Teaching Stories at Secondary Level“was carried out to find out the strategies adopted in teaching stories by Secondary Level English teachers as well as find out the problems faced by them in teaching stories. To fulfill the objectives of the study, two sets of close ended questionnaire were administered to the twenty secondary level English teachers from fifteen different schools of Morang district. After analyzing the data it was found that all of the teachers in the study are a started teaching stories by telling the background information of the author of the story. They viewed that describing the title of the story is effective way to make students fully understand the story. They gave high priority to the introduction of the characters before starting the story. Majority of the teachers showed the video of the related story before starting the story. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter consists of introduction,statement of the problem, significance of the study, objectives of the study, research questions and delimitations of the study. The second chapter consists of review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with design of the study, population and sample,sampling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure. The fourth chapter deals with results and discussions. It is the real research chapter which includes findings of analyzed data. The fifth chapter deals with conclusions and recommendation in policy level, practice level and further research followed by references and appendices.As per my research it concludes that showing video is one of the best ways to teach stories at secondary level students.Item Students Achievement in Geometry at Secondary level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2022) Bhandari, Khem RajThis study aims to find out the level of students achievement in geometry, comparing the students’ achievement among the secondary level students of Kaski district and seeking out the crucial factors that play roles in achievement gap of students. The study survey was designed among 8 institutional and 8 community schools of Kaski district that were selected by startified random sampling and all together 192 students such that 12 students (6 boys & 6 girls) from each of these schools were selected as sample. Students studying at IX grade were considered as sample population of this reseach. The status of fathers’ education, mothers' education, fathers' occupation, students’ regularity, class size of schools were also considered as the supplementary primary data. The achievement test and a set of closed questionnare were developed as the tools for data collection. The achievement in geometry were examined, compared and a set of closed questionnaire were filled up among the sample students. Mean, standard deviation were calculated and two tailed t-test with 0.05 level of significance was applied for the interpretation of results. There was no significance difference between the achievement in geometry among the boys and girls students. There was no significance difference between the achievement in geometry among the institutional and community schools students and also there was no significance difference between the achievement in geometry among the rural areas’ and urban areas’ schools students. Also it is found that factors like status of fathers’ education, mothers' education, fathers' occupation, students' regularity and class size of schools play an important role for the achievement gap of studentsItem Students’ Difficulties in Solving Algebraic Word Problem at Secondary Level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2019) Das, Pashupati NathThis is a small-scale survey research related to “Students Difficulties in Solving Algebraic Word Problem at Secondary Level”. This research was conducted to identify students’ difficulties and to find the ways of minimizing students’ difficulties in solving algebraic word problem at secondary level. For, 105 students, two mathematics teachers and three math experts were selected by using convenience sampling method. Also, 10 students selected for the purpose of interview. The data was collected from achievement test and interview schedule. The collect data were analyzed and interpreted with using percentage for quantitative data and general inductive method for qualitative data. The finding of this study shows that students have faced difficulties in language, comprehension, conceptual, transformation, formula selection, equation solving, transition from arithmetic to algebra and solving process while they solve algebraic word problem because students unable to understand the mathematical concept, fact, word meaning formulas pattern. Similarly, students have poor vocabulary, lack of pre- knowledge, less practice in word problem, unable to choose appropriate method, make mistake in calculation etc. So, it can be minimized if teacher should clear the concept to the students by use concrete materials. He/she use pattern of formula while teaching and provide basic knowledge before starting the topic. Also, students focus on more practice, emphasis vocabulary word meaning, and teacher must be used technology to clear the concept.Item Student’s Achievement in Mathematics at Secondary Level(Department of Mathematics Education, 2017) Khadka, Deepak BahadurThe study entitle with “Students Achievement in Mathematics at Secondary Level’’. The main objectives of this study were to compare the achievement of boys and girls students of grade X in mathematics and to find the causes of low and high achievement of mathematics in Kailali district of grade X.The design of this study was mixed research design. An achievement test paper and interview was the main instrument for the study. I had developed 20 multiple choice items based on textbook and practise book. This study was conducted total schools with 1500 students in population. In kailali district 6 secondary schools were taken as sample schools for this study by using explanatory sequential method. Total students were selected from 6 sample schools in grade X. Students of 6 sample school’s were 350 students as a sample for achievement test paper in grade X. 36student’swere taken interview by researcher who received low and high marks in achievement test of mathematics.From the test researcher collected the required data for this study. The collected data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, variance and one-tailed t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. It is concluded that this study there was no significance difference between boys and girls achievement in mathematics of grade X in kailali district.The main causes of low and high achievement in mathematics were school environment, economic condition, attitudes towards mathematics, role of parents and teaching learning process.So achievement difference between boys and girls students in mathematics is not depend upon gender but depend upon school environment, economic condition, attitudes towards mathematics , role of parents and teaching learning process.Item Teachers’ Attitude Towards the use of Teachers’ Guid(Department Of Mathematics Education Central Department of Education University Campus Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2017) Bhatt, MahadevThis study entitled "Teachers' Attitude Towards the use of Teachers' Guide" aimed to find out the attitude of lower secondary and secondary level teachers of community and institutional school and to compare the attitude between community and institutional schools mathematics teachers towards the use of teachers' guide. The sample of the study consisted from three hundred eighty nine community and institutional schools of Lalitpur district. All together 100 teachers were considered as the sample (40 community and 60 institutional school teachers) by purposive sampling strategy. The study conducted by using survey research design under the quantitative method. For this, a set of questionnaire was developed as the tool. The attitude of teachers’ measured in the five categories rating scale of Likert. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed by using statistics χ 2 -test and t-test to fulfill the objective first and second respectively. The finding of average mean and t-value of the statement was 3.46 and -0.009. The analysis was based on the responses of the mathematics teachers. The study concluded that there is a positive attitude using teacher' guide and no significance difference between the attitudes of mathematics teachers' at lower secondary and secondary level community and institutional schools of Lalitpur district.Item Teaching vocabulary through short story at secondary level(Department of English Education, 2023) Niroula, KabitaThe present study entitled “Teaching Vocabulary through Short Story at Secondary Level” was carried out to explore teachers’ strategies for teaching vocabulary through short story in the EFL classroom. I used case study research design in order to carry out this research. I had collected the data from 5 English teachers of community secondary schools of the Kathmandu Valley using purposive non-random (convenience) sampling strategy. The data were collected through semistructured interview and class observation. Those data were analyzed through transcribe and prepared the theme. The findings show that the teachers’ have positive responses towards teaching vocabulary through short story. The major findings of the study show that short story was used for teaching vocabulary to the students, to improve students’ vocabulary knowledge, to inspire and motivate to students, to develop the vocabulary in their mind and use in day to day communication with native speaker, to promote the effective way of teaching vocabulary, to engage the students’ with their study. In my findings most of the teacher’s emphasis on teaching vocabulary through short stories because students learn vocabulary easily while learning short stories. Most of the school teacher’s emphasis on reading passage and get the meaning after read the passage but they don’t emphasis on reading vocabulary separately.. They are avoiding to translation in students’ native language. Some of the school’s teachers are using smart board for teaching short stories and students are enjoying teaching through the smart board. They are developing the word meaning searching skills as well as pronunciation, synonyms, several sentences. This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, in the second chapter includes to the review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Likewise, third chapter deals with methods and procedures of the study under which design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, data collection tools, data collection procedures, analysis and interpretations of data. The fifth chapter includes the findings, conclusion and implications of the study, along with references and appendices.Item Techniques of Teaching Short Stories at the Secondary Level(Faculty of Education, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2015) Pandey, Yam PrasadThis thesis entitled “Techniques of Teaching Short Stories at the Secondary Level” has been carried out to find out the techniques used in teaching short stories by English teachers at secondary level. To fulfil the set objectives of the study, the researcher has chosen the case study design. I had analysed the data on the basis of activities recorded/noted from the class observation. For this study I used judgmental non-random sampling procedure to select two secondary level English teachers from two schools of Pyuthan district. I observed 30 classes (15 classes of each teacher) of those purposively selected secondary level (class ten). I used diary writing as well as ticked on the observation checklist. After analysing the data it was found that teachers used the student centred teaching techniques i.e. interaction technique, discussion technique, problem solving technique and question answer technique. This thesis consists of five chapters: The first chapter is introductory in nature. It introduces the topic in general. It also includes, background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of related theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of review of the study and conceptual framework. Similarly, the third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study, design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, study area/field, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedure. The fourth chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of results and summary of findings and the last chapter deals with conclusions, recommendations in policy related, practice related and further research related followed by references and appendicesItem Use of Visual Materials in English Teaching and Learning at Secondary Level(Department of English Education, 2019) Shrestha, IshaThe present research entitled Use of Visual Materials in English Teaching and Learning at Secondary Level aims at finding out the uses of visual materials in English language teaching and learning process at secondary level and finding out the perceptions and practices of teachers and students regarding the use of visual materials in English language teaching. In order to do so, the researcher collected the data from secondary English teachers and secondary students ( 9 and 10) of Kathmandu district. Only eight secondary English teachers, forty secondary students were selected. The researcher collected the data by distributing the closed ended questionnaire to the respondents, took interview to respondents and classes were observed using checklist. It was found that both the teachers and the students showed favorable attitude towards the use of visual materials agreeing that it facilitated language teaching and learning in various ways. Both students and teachers perceived visual materials as positive and important. The use of visual aids provides the learner extended language exposure to the learners for better ideas in the target language culture. The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one deals with background of the study, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study, operational definition of the key terms. Chapter two deals with review of related theoretical literature, concept and importance of visual materials, types of visual materials, uses of visual materials, existing policies on the provision of visual aid in Nepal, practices of visual materials, advantages of visual materials, disadvantages of visual materials, review of related/ empirical literature, implication of the review for the study, conceptual framework. Chapter three includes research design, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data collection procedures, ethical considerations. Chapter four includes analysis and interpretation of result, analysis of the data derived from the objectives questionnaire to the students, perception of students regarding visual materials, uses of visual materials in the classroom, practices of visual materials in the classroom, motivation through visual materials, advantages of visual materials, disadvantages of visual materials, analysis of class observation, chapter Summary. Chapter five includes findings, conclusion, recommendation, policy related, practice related, further research related issues.