Browsing by Subject "Translation"
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Item Bridging the Linguistic and Extralinguistic Gapsin Translation: A Case of Sukaratka Paila(Central Department of Education English, 2012) Bhandari, ArunThis thesis entitled,‘Bridging the Linguistic and Extralinguistic Gaps in Translation:A Case of Sukaratka Paila’, is an attempt ot find out the linguistic and extralinguisticgaps and explore the techniques used in bridging these gaps in the translated version ofthe novel ‘Sukaratka Paila’. The idea for the study was collected form both Nepaliversion of novel ‘Sukaratka Paila’ and English version ‘Sockrets’ Footsteps’. Thisresearch is mainly concerned with identification and categorization of the linguistic andextralinguistic gaps found in course of translation of novel. Both linguistic andextralinguistic gaps are studied together side by side. Iselected one hundred andfiftylinguistic gaps andtwenty sixother extralinguistic gaps available in the novel ‘SukaratkaPaila’.And they are grouped into two broad terms of the linguistic and extralinguisticfeatures. Linguistic category has further four and extralinguistic features have twocategories. In linguistic level lexical gap comprises lexical gaps in kinship terms,particles terms, reduplication, onomatopoeic etc. and structural gaps comprise gaps intense and aspect, articles, questioning, referential and non-referential it and there,negation and discourse marker, whereas extralinguistic gaps comprises culture based andsetting based extralinguistic gaps. The study consists of four chapters. Chapter one deals with the Introduction. It consists ofgeneral backgroundof the study, review of the related literature, objectiveandsignificance of the study. The second chapteris related to themethodology whichIapplied during my study. This chapter issub-grouped as the source of data, samplingprocedure, tools for datacollection, process of data collection and the limitation of thestudy. The third chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the data. Descriptiveapproach is used for the purpose. The fourth chapterdeals withfindings andrecommendations of the studyItem Contextual Analysis of Cultural Terms in The Translation of The Book Soch(Central department of English Education, 2012) Poudel, BinodThe thesis entitled Contextual Analysis in the Translation of Soch is an attempt to find out the contextual analysis of the terms used in Soch. It further aimed to explore the causes of loss of meanings in translation as well. Only the secondary sources of data were used in this study. Descriptive and analytical study designs along with qualitative data were used. The study explored contextual analysis of cultural terms used in the book while translating. It also explored the causes of the loss of meanings in translation. Some of the major causes were pointed out as cultural gap, deletion, lack of functional equivalence, lack of co-cultural knowledge and socio cultural knowledge (SL) of the translator, overgeneralization of meaning, inappropriate selection of equivalence words, carelessness of the translator, transliteration. It has been also found that the quality of translation is determined by the selection and application of the appropriate translation techniques. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one introduces the general background, review of the related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with methodology adopted for the study. It encompasses sources of data, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Chapter three presents an analysis and interpretation of the data. In this chapter data have been analyzed and interpreted descriptively. Chapter four presents the findings from the analysis of data. On the basis of the findings some suggestions have been made for pedagogical implication.Item Cultural and Pragmatic Gaps in Translation: A Novel "The Window of the House Opposite"(Central Department of Education English, 2018) Dhungel, SamjhanaThis research entitled Cultural and Pragmatic Gaps in Translation: A Novel "The Window of the House Opposite" was conducted to find out gaps of cultural and pragmatic expressions used in the novel 'Pallo Gharko Jhyal' and its English version 'The Window of the House Opposite'. To carry out this research study, thirty cultural and thirty pragmatic expressions were selected by using non-random judgmental sampling procedure. Selected data were analyzed and interpreted using analytic description as well as intensive study of both versions of the novel. Similarly, selected data were categorized into degree of meaning conveyed equivalence and meaning gap or maintained. Eight cultural and eight pragmatic expressions were optimally translated. Likewise, five cultural expressions and seven pragmatic expressions were found to be near optimally translated. Similarly, six cultural and seven pragmatic expressions were partially translated. In the same way, four cultural and five pragmatic expressions were found stronger and weaker versions of translation. Likewise, five cultural and two pragmatic expressions were mistranslated. In a similar way, one cultural and one pragmatic expression were categorized under poor translation. Finally, one cultural expression fell under zero equivalence translation. This thesis study is divided in to five chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of key terms. The second chapter includes review of related theoretical literature, empirical literature, implications of the study and conceptual framework. Chapter three contains design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedure, data analysis procedure and ethical considerations. Similarly, chapter four discusses the analysis of data and interpretation of results. Finally, chapter five presents main findings, conclusion, and recommendations. References and appendices are the concluding part of the study.Item Cultural Elements and The Methods of Their Translation A Case Of Himalayan Folklore: Tales of Eastern Nepal(Faculty of Education, 2017) G.C., AdityaThe present work entitled Cultural Elements and the Methods of their Translation: A Case of Himalayan Folklore: Tales of Eastern Nepal has been carried out to identify and categorize the basic features of cultural elements and point out the techniques and their frequencies .This study was based on case study research design. The secondary data for the study were collected from the story collection Kirati Lokkatha Sangalo and its translated version Tales of Eastern Nepal using purposive sampling procedure. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using simple statistical tool like percentage and were presented in the tables. In this study, 50 cultural elements were identified and those elements were categorized into five categories as ecology, material culture, social culture, religious culture and gestures and habits. Findings of the study show that eleven different techniques were found to have been employed in translating cultural elements in the collection Tales of Eastern Nepal. Among different techniques, literal translation was the most frequent one and blending was the least used one among the total cultural elements. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. In the second chapter, the researcher has mentioned review of related theoretical literature, review of the empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter consists of methods and procedures of the study, under which, design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis and interpretation procedures and ethical considerations. The fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data. Finally, the fifth chapter includes the findings, conclusion and recommendations of the studyItem Loss and Gain in Translation : A Comparative Study of Different Translations of the Poem “Pagal”(Department of English, 2011) Silwal, Mahesh KrishnaNot AvailableItem Loss of meaning in translation : a case study of Basain(Faculty of Education University Campus Tribhuwan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011) Khanal, RajanThe thesis entitled ‘Loss of Meaning in Translation: A Case Study of Basain’ is an attempt of the researcher to find out the cases of cultural meaning loss in the translation of novel Basain. It further aimed to explore the causes of loss of meaning in translation. Furthermore, it aimed to analyze the ways that can be used to compensate the meaning gap in translation as well. Only the secondary sources of data were used in the study. Descriptive and analytical study design along with qualitative data were used. Twenty two different cases of meaning loss in the translation of the novel Basain were found. The study explored causes of the loss of meaning to occur in translation. Some of the major causes were pointed out as- cultural gap, deletion, negligence of the translator, lack of functional equivalence, lack of co-cultural and socio-cultural knowledge (of the SL) of the translator, over generalization of the meaning, carelessness of the translator, incomplete linguistic knowledge (of the SL) of the translator, transliteration and so on. It has also been found that the quality of translation is determined by the selection and the application of the appropriate translation techniques. It also depends upon how competent and familiar the translator is with the SL culture and the message to render into the TL. Maintaining cultural gap with cultural equivalence, avoiding deletion, use of addition and elaboration, searching for functional equivalence, in depth study of the source language grammar and content, avoiding the use of transliteration etc. are found as some of the ways used to compensate the meaning loss in translation. The thesis has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains the introductory part which deals with the theoretical analysis of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology which deals with the detail description of the methodology applied in the study. The third chapter includes the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from the field. It includes the transliteration of the SL text, their target language equivalence and the instance of loss of meaning. After their general presentation, the causes of meaning loss have been analyzed along with the analysis of possible ways to over come such meaning loss in translation. As the collected data were qualitative in nature, they are analyzed and interpreted descriptively in a narration. The fourth chapter contains the findings and recommendations of the study.Item Loss of Meaning in Translation: A Case Study of Basain(Department of English Education, 2011) Khanal, RajanThe thesis entitled ‘Loss of Meaning in Translation: A Case Study of Basain’ is an attempt of the researcher to find out the cases of cultural meaning loss in the translation of novel Basain. It further aimed to explore the causes of loss of meaning in translation. Furthermore, it aimed to analyze the ways that can be used to compensate the meaning gap in translation as well. Only the secondary sources of data were used in the study. Descriptive and analytical study design along with qualitative data were used. Twenty two different cases of meaning loss in the translation of the novel Basain were found. The study explored causes of the loss of meaning to occur in translation. Some of the major causes were pointed out as-cultural gap, deletion, negligence of the translator, lack of functional equivalence, lack of co-cultural and socio-cultural knowledge (of the SL) of the translator, over generalization of the meaning, carelessness of the translator, incomplete linguistic knowledge (of the SL) of the translator, transliteration and so on. It has also been found that the quality of translation is determined by the selection and the application of the appropriate translation techniques. It also depends upon how competent and familiar the translator is with the SL culture and the message to render into the TL. Maintaining cultural gap with cultural equivalence, avoiding deletion, use of addition and elaboration, searching for functional equivalence, in depth study of the source language grammar and content, avoiding the use of transliteration etc. are found as some of the ways used to compensate the meaning loss in translation. The thesis has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains the introductory part which deals with the theoretical analysis of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology which deals with the detail description of the methodology applied in the study. The third chapter includes the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from the field. It includes the transliteration of the SL text, their target language equivalence and the instance of loss of meaning. After their general presentation, the causes of meaning loss have been analyzed along with the analysis of possible ways to over come such meaning loss in translation. As the collected data were qualitative in nature, they are analyzed and interpreted descriptively in a narration. The fourth chapter contains the findings and recommendations of the study.Item Multiple Translation of Developmental literature(Faculty of Education, 2013) Parajuli, DronacharyaThe study entitled ‘Multiple Translation of Developmental Literature’wasan attempt of theresearcher to find out theexisting condition of translationwork used indevelopmental literaturein terms of translation equivalence,techniques andcontextual variationas well as developmental trendsin the fieldof translation.After discussingthe important information from different angles,there is minute analysisfor impartingnew findings. While talking of the toolforresearch,observation and statement collectionprocess were applied.Thefindingof the research is based on theinformationcollected from thefivedevelopmental literaturesavailable in English and Nepali versions.The majorfindings of the researchshowthetranslation work as one of the technical aswell as professional jobs.This study has selected forty developmental termswhich are frequently used in five developmental literaturewith the translatedversions.Thetranslations of some developmental terms haveno one to oneequivalence and some terms havebeentranslated wrongly.There is variation ofthe same terms while translating the textin different context.It showsthetranslation is the matter ofsubjective notion.Every translator can contributefrom different angles in the field of translation. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter consists of introduction,general background, theories of professional development of teachers andgeneral introduction ofdevelopmental literature,objectives of the study and thesignificance of the study. The second chapter deals with the methodology oftheresearch.Thesources of informationwereten setsofdevelopmentalliteratures. This chapter presents the limitations of the research, too. The thirdchapter deals with the rigorous analysis and interpretationofthe collectedinformation. Theinformationwasanalyzed and interpreted by usingdescriptiveapproach.The fourth chapter presents the findings and recommendationsofthis research.References and appendices form the concluding part of the thesis.Item Relevance of Translation as a Course(Department of English Education, 2010) K.C., PremThis research work entitled “Relevance of Translation asa Course”wascarriedout to find out the perception of students on relevancy of teaching of translationacademically in ELT syllabus. I used both primary and secondary sources of datain this study. I purposively selected four campuses-Department of EnglishEducation,Kirtipur,Mahendra Ratna Campus, Butwal Multiple Campus andTansen Multiple Campus. And35 students were selected fromDepartment ofEnglish Education, 20 from Mahendra Ratna Campus,15 from Butwal MultipleCampus and10 from Tansen Multiple Campus using not random judgmentalsampling procedure. They were given questionnairesforthecollectionofprimarydata. This study shows that majority of the studentsfoundtranslation as a relevantin the sensethat it developedlanguage skills and vocabularyaspect of languageand providedthe skills of translating text into second language without loosing itsmeaning. Likewise, majority ofthestudents i.e. 90% expressed that itwas apractical subject in career development. This thesis consists offour chapters.The first chapter introduces the study withgeneral background i.e. importance and scope of translation; teachingoftranslation and translation: situational study in case of Nepal. This chapter alsodeals with the review of literature, the objectives and significance of the study.The second chapter deals with procedures adopted to carry out the research. Itcontains the information on the sourcesof data, sampling procedure, tools, processof data collection and limitationsof the study.Similarly,the thirdchapterconsistsofthe analysis and interpretation ofthedata collected through questionnaire.Thefourth chapter deals with the major findings of the study on the basis of analysisand interpretation of the data. It also deals withsome recommendationsmade onthe basis of findings of the study. Finally,the fourthchapter is followed by thereferences and appendices.Item Relevance of translation as a course(Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2010) K.C., PremThis research work entitled “Relevance of Translation as a Course” was carried out to find out the perception of students on relevancy of teaching of translation academically in ELT syllabus. I used both primary and secondary sources of data in this study. I purposively selected four campuses- Department of English Education, Kirtipur, Mahendra Ratna Campus, Butwal Multiple Campus and Tansen Multiple Campus. And 35 students were selected from Department of English Education, 20 from Mahendra Ratna Campus, 15 from Butwal Multiple Campus and 10 from Tansen Multiple Campus using not random judgmental sampling procedure. They were given questionnaires for the collection of primary data. This study shows that majority of the students found translation as a relevant in the sense that it developed language skills and vocabulary aspect of language and provided the skills of translating text into second language without loosing its meaning. Likewise, majority of the students i.e. 90% expressed that it was a practical subject in career development. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter introduces the study with general background i.e. importance and scope of translation; teaching of translation and translation: situational study in case of Nepal. This chapter also deals with the review of literature, the objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with procedures adopted to carry out the research. It contains the information on the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Similarly, the third chapter consists of the analysis and interpretation of the data collected through questionnaire. The fourth chapter deals with the major findings of the study on the basis of analysis and interpretation of the data. It also deals with some recommendations made on the basis of findings of the study. Finally, the fourth chapter is followed by the references and appendices.Item Sentence Level Strategies in Translation: A Case of "Ishwarko Adalatma Outsiderko Bayan''(Department of Education English, 2011) Adhikari, Dharma PrasadThe present research is the study of 'Sentence Level Strategies in Translation: A Case of Ishwarko Adalatma Outsiderko Bayan'. This study attempted to analyze the sentence level strategies in translation. I utilized only the secondary sources of data. The data were collected judgmentally from the three essays in the anthology of essays 'Ishwarko Adalatma Outsiderko Bayan' and its translated version 'An Outsider in the Court of God'. The 75 sentences from three essays were taken from Nepali version and their translated versions were noted along with the transliteration. Then the selected sentences were analyzed on the basis of different sentence level strategies as sentence type, voice, reference in translation, deletion, addition and sense of SL taken or left in TL. There is the prevalence of the simple sentences in the source text and while translating them the translator has translated most of them (62.07%) into simple ones while 17.7% simple sentences into compound and even into complex ones (20.7%). This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one consists of general background, review of the related literature, short introduction of the anthology of essays‘Ishwarko Adalatma Outsiderko Bayan', introduction of sentence level strategies in translation, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Similarly, chapter two consists of the methodology adopted in course of the study. Sources of data, tools for data collection and the limitations of the study are the topics which come under the chapter two. Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained through the secondary sources. Chapter four presents findings and recommendations which are derived and suggested with the help of analysis and interpretation of the data. References and appendices are included at the end of this work to make the work more valid.Item A Study on Pragmatic Meaning Andequivalence: A Case of Jeevan Kaanda Ki Phool(Central Departmentof English, 2014) Adhikari, MeghrajThe present study entitled A Study on Pragmatic Meaning andEquivalence:A Case ofJeevan Kaanda KiPhoolisan attempt to analyze pragmatic meaningand equivalence between the source text (henceforth: ST) and translated text(henceforth: TT).Thesources ofdata for this study were the Nepali version ofJeevan Kaanda Ki Phooland its English versionA Flower inthe Midst of ThornsbyNagendraSharma and Safal Sharma.I collected all the sentences of the originalversion communicatingpragmatic meaning and their equivalent sentences in thetranslated version. Thedegreeof equivalence of translated sentences wereanalyzedon the basis of Bayar’s (2007) degree of equivalence i.e. optimumtranslation, near-optimum translation, partialtranslation, weakerand strongerversion , poor translation, mistranslation and zerotranslation. The finding of mystudy is that the translation of Jeevan Kaanda Ki PhoolintoA Flower inthe Midstof Thornsby Nagendra Sharma and SafalSharma is a flawless interms oftheirpragmatic meaning and equivalence as most of the sentences are optimallytranslated. The other sentences are near-optimally and partly translated. Theyconvey the intended meaning of the ST. I found only one sentence wasmistranslatedwhereas no poor and zero translation was found. This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one introduces the study intermsof background/context of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of thestudy, rationale of the study, significanceof the study, delimitations of the studyand operational definition of key terms. Chapter two deals with the methodologyunder which research design, sources of data, process of data collection anddelimitation of the study are presented. Chapter three depicts the methods andprocedures of thestudy. Itcontains the researchdesign, populationand sample,samplingprocedures, toolsof data collection, process of datacollection, anddataanalysis and interpretation procedures. Chapter four discusses the findings of thestudy. On the basis of the findings, some recommendations and pedagogical ix implications aresuggested. Chapterfive presents the summary, conclusion andimplication from the whole study. The references and appendices are theconcluding partsof the study.Item A Study on Semantic Equivalence: A Case of autobiographyjeevan Kaanda Ki Phool(Faculty of Education, 2014) Kandel, JamunaThis research work entitledA Study on Semantic Equivalence: A Case ofAutobiographyJeevan Kaanda KiPhoolwascarried out toanalyze thesemantic equivalenceatsentence level between the source text (henceforth:ST) and translated text (henceforth: TT). The source of data consists of theoriginal Nepali text and its translated English versionJeevanKaanda Ki Phool.The ST and TTweredeemed as simple universe. From this, the selection of thesample size consistedofthirtypairs of sentences from both texts. For sampling,the random sampling methodwasapplied. Only observationwasused as a tool.Syntactic structure and semantic analysiswasused for the data analysis. Itwasfound that the translator has carefully chosen different lexical itemsin TT tofulfill semantic equivalence. Sometimes, the translator himself getsderailedand the work of translation cannot meet the semantic equivalence,Thetranslator has sometimesusedmorelexical item which is not found in ST. Itwasfound that, the translator split the syntactic structure of the compoundsentence intomore thantwo in TT.Itwasalso found that the translator mostlyomitted exclamation mark in TT whereas the ST exclamatory sentences containit. It makes difference in meaning because sometimes same form may havedifferent meaning and vice-versa. This thesis comprisesoffive chapters: chapter one dealswithintroduction,statement of the problem, rationale of the study, objectives of the study,research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study andoperational definitions of the key terms. Chapter two dealswiththe review ofrelated literature and conceptual framework, which provides the ideas tobroaden our knowledge base in our research area. Chapter threedepictsthemethods and procedures of the study, it contains research design, field or areasof the study, sampling procedure, data collection tools, procedure and data interpretation procedure. Chapterfourincludes the results anddiscussion/interpretation of data which shows the overall discussion of thecollected data. Chapter fivepresentsthe summary, conclusions andimplications from the whole study. Last part of the thesis comprises thereferencesand appendices.Item A Study on The Techniques and Gaps of translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of 'Pralhad(Department of English, 2008) Gautam, ChhatrapatiThe present study entitled A Study on the Techniques and Gaps ofTranslation of Cultural Terms: ACaseof Prahland is an attempt to findout the techniques and gaps of translation of cultural terms in the translatedversion of Phrahlad drama, translated by Tika Ram Sharma. The originalversion was written by Bal KrishnaShama. The study tries to findout thefrequency of different techniques of translation of cultural terms. The study issolely based on thesecondary source of data. In order to carry out the study,Prahalad drama original versionand translated version had been collectedand 200 cultural terms had been selected from both SLT and TLT by non-randomjudgmentalsampling procedure. So, thecheck listwasthe tool for datacollection in the study.Substitutionwas the most widely used and deletionwas the least used technique among different termsof translating culturalterms in Prahlad Drama. This thesis comprises four chapters.Chapter one deals with introduction oftranslation with the definition and its relationship with language and culture.Similarly, it gives the cultural implication of translation, cultural categoriesand techniques of translation. This chapter also introduces the gaps intranslation, the literature review, objectives, and significance of the study.The second chapter deals with the methodology adopted in the study that dealswithsources of data, process of data collection and limitationsof the study.The third chapter is devoted to the interpretation, analysis and evaluation of thecollected data to discuss thetechniques and cultural gaps found in the text.Chapter four concludes the findings, analysis and interpretation in whichrecommendations and pedagogical implications are also included. This chapterfollows references and appendices.Item A Study on the Translation of the Novel "Shirishko Phool"(Faculty of Education, 2011) Tiwari, Kul PrasadThe main purpose of this thesis entitled "A Study on Translation of the Novel Shirishko Phool" is to evaluate the translation of the novel in terms of sentence types, negation and the sentence synthesis and analysis procedure. The data for study were collected from both Nepali and English versions of the novel by using non-random judgmental random sampling procedure while evaluating the novel in terms of formal sentence structure, the sentences were divided into simple, compound and complex types. Likewise in functional aspect, the sentences were grouped into simple, compound and complex types likewise in functional aspect, the sentences were grouped into assertive, interrogative, exclamatory imperative and optative types. In this study the researcher found that simple sentences and assertive sentences had the higher frequency in translation. And both ST and TT had more affirmative sentences than negative sentences. In this study the single sentences of ST were found to have been translated being two or more sentences and vice versa. This study has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the study in terms of general background, literature review, objectives of the study, significance of the study and the definition of key terms. The second chapter is an account of methodology, which includes source of data, sampling procedure tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitation of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data by using some statistical tools to make the study objective and accurate. Chapter four presents the finding of the study on the basis of analysis and interpretation of data. On the basis of findings some recommendations and pedagogical implications are drawn. The reference and appendix are the concluding parts of the study.Item A Study on Translation of Culturalterms:A Case of The Novel Palpasa Cafe(Faculty of Education, 2009) Yadav, Deo ChandraThe present study entitled "AStudyonTranslationof Cultural Terms: A Case of the Novel PalpasaCafe"has beencarried out with theobjectivesoffindingout the techniques and the gaps in translation of the novel'PalpasaCafe'. This research is based on 200cultural terms from theselected novel.The researcher usednon-randomjudgmentalsamplingprocedure to samplethe cultural terms.Onlyobservationwastheresearchtool for data collection.On the basis of thecollecteddata, the analysis has been done. Afteranalysis,it was found that tentechniquesare used in translated novel'Palpasa Cafe'.Literal translation is the most used technique where asnaturalizationis theleast used technique and four types of gap existed in the translated version ofthe novel. Thisresearch studyconsistsof fourchapters.Chapteronedeals withgeneralbackground oftranslation studies, the importance and scopeof translation,techniques/proceduresoftranslation, gapsin translation, culturalcategories,transliteration, an overview of the novel'Palpasa Cafe', reviewof the relatedliterature, objectives of the study and significance of the study.Chaptertwoincludesthe methodology which wasfollowed in the study. It deals with thesources of data, sampling procedure, research tools, process of datacollection and limitations of the study. Chapterthreedeals with the analysisand interpretation of the data with suitable examples. Chapterfourdealswith findings and recommendations. On the basis of findings, somerecommendations have been made for pedagogical implications.Item The Techniques and Cultural Gaps of Translation: A Case of Novel "Samanantar Aakash"(Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011) Pokhrel, Dhruba PrasadThe present study entitled The Techniques and Cultural Gap of Translation: A Case of Novel Samanantar Aakash is an attempt to find out the techniques adopted in translation of the cultural terms and observe the gaps in the process of translation. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the techniques of translation of cultural word and to find out the gaps. For this purpose the researcher collected one hundred fifty cultural words as sample of data for the study from Nepali version of the Novel Samanantar Aakash and the corresponding words from the English version of the same book. He selected only one hundred cultural terms out of one hundred fifty from selected list. He categorized them into five different categories. Ten different techniques such as literal, substitution, addition, deletion, claque, back translation, borrowing, definition, blending were found to have been employed in translating the cultural terms of the novel. Among them literal translation was most frequent which covers 50.3 % and blending was the least one which covers 7.69%. Similarly, six types of gap were found in this study. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one introduced general background, review of related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. The second chapter deals with methodology adopted for the study. It encompasses sources of data, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Chapter three presents an analysis and interpretation of the data. In this chapter data have been analyzed and interpreted through statistical and descriptive approach. Chapter four presents the findings from the analysis of data. On the basis of the findings some recommendations and pedagogical implication have been given.Item The Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Muna-Madan(Central department of English Education, 2012) Bhattarai, NirmalaThe present research work entitled 'The Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Muna Madan' is an attempt to find out the techniques employed in translation of Nepali cultural terms into English version of Muna Madan and to point out the gaps in translating process contextually. The data for the study was collected from Muna Madan and its English translated version. In this research work, one hundred cultural terms were identified and those terms were categorized into five categories as ecology, material culture, religious culture social culture and organization and conceptual terms. Findings of the study show that nine different techniques were found to have been employed in translating cultural words of Muna Madan. Literal translation, transference, substitution, claque, blending, deletion, and sense translation have been applied in translation of cultural words. Among them, literal translation was the most frequent one which covered 30% and deletion was the least one which covered 1% of the total cultural words. The techniques such as literal translation, transference, substitution and elaboration are found as techniques to translate the cultural terms. Very few instances of gaps were found in translation process because of the use of inappropriate techniques. In most of the cases, gaps were existed while translating through substitution. Other gaps were existed through the use of elaboration, substitution, literal, deletion and substitution. This study is divided into four chapters. Every chapter consists of necessary headings and sub headings. Chapter one introduces the study in terms of general background, review of the literature, objectives and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with the methodology under which sources of data, process of data collection and limitations of the study are presented. Chapter three is the core study, which presents statistical analysis and interpretation of the data. Descriptive and analytical approaches are used to analyze the data. Chapter four discusses the findings of the study. On the basis of findings, some x recommendations and pedagogical implications are suggested. The references are the concluding parts of the study.Item Techniques of Translation: A Case of 'Doshi Chasma'(Department of English Education, 2010) Pandey, DurgaThe present study is entitled " Techniques of Translation: A Case of Doshi Chasma”. This study attempted to identify and categorize the basic features of cultural terms and to find out the techniques employed in translating the words.One hundred seventy two cultural terms from Nepali version of ‘Doshi Chasma’ and the corresponding words from the English version of the same book were collected for the study . These were categorized under five groups as ecology, material culture, religious culture, social culture and organization, and conceptual terms . Findings of the study showed that ten different techniques: literal translation, borrowing, , substitution, claque,couplet, deletion blending, back translation , paraphrasing and addition were adopted in translating cultural words. Among them , literal translation was the most frequent one which covered 29.07% and blending was the least one which covered only 1.16% of the total cultural words. This study is divided into four chapters. Chapter one introduces the study in terms of general background, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with the methodology under which sources of data, process of data collection and limitations of the study are presented. Chapter three is the core of the study, which presents statistical analysis and interpretation of the data. Descriptive and analytical approaches are used to analyze the data. Chapter four discusses the findings of the study.On the basis of the findings, some recommendations and pedagogical implications are suggested. The references and appendices are the concluding parts of the study.Item Transfer of Meaning in Proverb Translation(Faculty of English Education, 2012) Bhat, Indra BahadurThe thesis entitled Transfer of Meaning in Proverb Translation is an attempt of the researcher to find out the techniques employed in translating and loss and gain of meaning in proverb translation. The main aim of the study is to find out the transfer of meaning in translating Nepali proverbs into English. The cultural gaps can be minimized by using appropriate translation techniques. The techniques having the highest frequency of occurrences are more effective and successful in transferring the original source language meaning in comparison to the techniques having the lowest frequency. Sense translation is one of the best techniques of translating proverbial expressions. To meet the objectives of the research, twenty respondents from M. Ed. 2 nd year were selected and assigned the selected proverbs to translate into the English language. The collected data were analyzed by the help of English-Nepali proverbial dictionary for accuracy and correctness and I made a brief survey of them. Only the four techniques of translation have been found and three different cases of meaning transfer or four different cases of meaning loss have been found while translating Nepali proverbs into English language. I have divided this research into the four chapters. The first chapter deals with the general background, literature review, objectives and the significance of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology which is sub-chaptered as the sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and the limitations of the study. The third chapter includes the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from the field. The last, fourth chapter has the findings and recommendations of the study in which some pedagogical implications have been recommended to better the findings of this study as well as to strengthen such further studies